ORGANIZATION THEORY
THE CLASSICAL APPROACH
Learning Objectives
1. Describe the main features of the
Classical approach.
2. Discuss the differences and
similarities between the work of
Taylor, Fayol and Weber.
3. Describe the key features of the
Classical approach to organizational
change
THE CLASSICAL APPROACH
The Classical Approach or The
Scientific Rational Approach, is
characterised by :
1. Organizations are rational entities
2. The design of organization
3. People are economic beings
Scientific Management
Figures : Frederick Taylor
Book : Principles of Scientific Management
Core Elements :
1. The systematic collection of knowledge
about the work process by managers
2. The reduction of workers discretion and
control over what they do
3. The laying down of standard procedures
and times for carrying out each job
Motion Study
Figures : Frank and Lillian Gilbreth
Developed a procedures for human motion
into 5 elements :
1. Operations
2. Transpotations
3. Inspection
4. Storage
5. Delay
Principles of Organization
Figures : Henri Fayol
Concerned with developing a universal
approach to management with principles :
1. Division of work
2. Authority and responsibility
3. Discipline
4. Unity of command
5. Unity of direction
6. Subordination of individual or group
interested.
7. Remuneration of personnel
8. Centralisation
9. Scalar chain
10. Order
11. Equity
12.Stability of tenure of personnel
13. Initiative
14. Esprit de corps
In order to achieve those principles,
manager has main duties of
management :
1. Planning
2. Organizing
3. Command
4. Co-ordination
5. Control
Bureaucracy
Figures : Max Weber
Legitimacy is central to all system of
authority.
Types of legitimate authority :
1. Rational legal
2. Traditional
3. Charismatic
Conclusions
1. The best way for organizations to be
structured and operate
2. This approach founded the rule of law and
legitimate managerial authority
3. Organizational are rational entities
4. Human fallibility and emotions should be
eliminated
5. The most appropriate form of job design is
achieved by the hierarchical and horizontal
division of labour