METODOLOGI PENELITIAN
ADMINISTRASI NEGARA
ILMU ADMINISTRASI DAN RISET
A. KONSEP ADMINISTRASI
• DEFINISI ADMINISTRASI
• DIMENSI ILMU ADMINISTRASI
a. perspektif isi (organisasi, manajemen,
kepemimpinan, pengambilan keputusan,
komunikasi
b. perspektif subjek pelaku (administrasi privat
dan administrasi publik
c. perspektif pengelolaan sumber daya
ADMINISTRASI NEGARA
a. Pengertian : dapat dilihat dari paradigma administrasi negara
 Paradigma 1, tahun 1900 – 1926 (administrasi negara dan
politik berbeda)
 Paradigma 2, tahun 1927 – 1937 (prinsip-prinsip administrasi)
 Paradigma 3, tahun 1950 – 1970 (administrasi bagian dari ilmu
politik)
 Paradigma 4, tahun 1956 – 1970 (administrasi negara
berlindung dibawah ilmu manajemen)
 Paradigma 5, setelah tahun 1970 (administrasi negara)
 Paradigma 6, Administrasi Pembangunan
KONSEP RISET ADMINISTRASI
A. Berpikir Ilmiah
 Merumuskan masalah
 Mengajukan Hipotesis
 Melakukan verifikasi data
 Menarik kesimpulan
B. Klarifikasi Riset Administrasi
 Riset Dasar (Riset Deduktif, Riset Induktif)
 Riset Aplikasi (Riset Pengembangan, Riset
Tindakan, Riset Evaluasi)
Public administrators often ask
questions ?
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•
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How many
How Much
How efficient
How effective
How adequate
Why
• Administrators may want to learn something
about a group of people, how much a program
will cost, or what it can accomplish for each dollar
spent.
• Administrators need to decide how serious a
problem is, whether a policy solved a problem,
what distinguishes more effective program from
less effective ones, and whether clients are
satisfied with program performance. They are
accountable to politicians, parents, citizens,
program clients and the courts for public service
• Administrators rely on data to make better
decisions, to monitor, and to examine their
effects.
Starting A Research Project : Defining
The Research Question
• A study should begin by stating the research
question and the purpose of the study.
• A research question is a question with more than
one possible answer.
• The research question requires empirical or
observable information in order to be answered.
• Without observable information no research
takes place.
• Let’s Consider the research question :
“Do electronic communications improve the performance
of office staff?”
• That question has more than one answer.
• The answer requires empirical information
• This simple question masks the amount of work that
lies ahead. What is meant by electronic communication
and performance? Which office staff?, All staff
members, or just people holding certain positions?,
Staff in all offices, or just particular types of office?
What type and how much impact is expected?.
• To help limit the study’s focus, the
administrator indicates the purpose of a study.
• A study to determine whether to install a
communications systems will be different
from a study evaluating an existing system.
The Purpose of Study
• Establishing a study’s purpose goes beyond stating exactly why it is
being done.
• An investigator must know who wants the study done, how she
plans to use its findings, when she plans to use them, what
resources she has to invest in the study, and what has been done
before.
• After an investigator answers these questions, she can list the
research question and decide what evidence will provide adequate
answers.
• Thus she avoids “shooting ants with an elephant gun”.
• She also avoids planning a study that exceeds the available
resources or yields information after it is needed. A study’s purpose
evolves; it becomes more focused and better understood as
investigators and decision makers begin their work together
Example
• Research question: How may the rapid increase in
medicare costs (Medicare:federally funded health
care for the elderly) be reduced?
• Purpose : To recommended change(s) in
Medicare coverage that will contain the costs of
their Medicare program.
• Procedure : An initial model is skteched out with
the major elements representing general
strategies to reduce costs. Its purpose is to
identify the basic types of strategies available.
Model’s element and relationships
Reduce the number of
beneficiaries
Reduce the number of
services covered
Pay less each service
Reduced Rate of Increase
Medicare Costs