P&I Technologies
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P&I Technologies
P&I Technologies
LECTURE SERIES
Protection, Control &
Metering
of an
Electrical Grid
On-site Training
Realize the value of bringing training on-site
Flexible
Cost-effective (one fixed cost)
Allows as many or as few employees as you need
No travel expenses
Delivered when/where you want
On-site Training
Realize the value of bringing training on-site
Real-world training & solutions customized to your business
Lower training costs
A consistent learning experience
Training courses can be delivered “off-the-shelf”
Slightly modified or completely customized to your needs
Designed for immediate, measurable results
On-site Training
Benefits
Courses are planned around individual/department schedules
Delivered in any format
Teams learn with real-world, mission-specific examples
Productivity maintain with flexible course scheduling
Train groups of employees to significantly reduce expenses
Tailor the course material to fulfill corporate needs/expectations
On-site Training
Methodology
1  Assess Client’s Needs
2  Design Course Around Assessment
3  Collaborate on Delivery Dates, Time & Duration
4  Program Delivery
5  Follow-up
Core P&I Courses
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Core P&I Courses
BasicElectrical
ElectricalTheory
Theory
Basic
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Basic Electrical Theory
Introduces the fundamental concepts of AC/DC electrical circuits, which
form the basis to all electrical/electronic systems
Upon completion participants will be familiar with:
• Ohm's Law, Series and Parallel Circuits
• Kirchhoff's Laws
• DC Network Analysis & Metering Circuits
• Conductors and Insulators
• Capacitors, Inductors and Electromagnetism
• Complex Numbers, Reactance and Impedance
• Transformers
• Polyphase AC Circuits
• Power Factor
• AC Metering
• AC Motors
• Transmission Lines
SERIES AND PARALLEL CIRCUITS
Parallel
IT
IR1
IR2
IR3
VT
RT
IT
VT = I1R1 = I2R2 = I3R3
VT = ITRT
or IT =
IT = I1 + I2 + I3
or
VT VT VT
VT
or
=
+
+
R1 R2 R3
RT
VT
RT
1
1
1
1
RT = R1 + R2 + R3
Core P&I Courses
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital
Digital––Electric
ElectricCircuits
Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Digital – Electric Circuits
Introduces binary logic concepts fundamental to understanding modern
digital systems
Upon completion participants will be familiar with:
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Binary Arithmetic
Logic Gates & Switches
Electromechanical Relays
Boolean Algebra & Karnaugh Mapping
Combinational Logic Functions
Sequential Circuits, Shift Registers
Digital-Analog Conversion
Digital Communication
Digital Storage (Memory)
Principles of Digital Computing
Digital – Electric Circuits
The Two Input AND gate
Digital – Electric Circuits
Core P&I Courses
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Basic Power Metering
Introduces the fundamentals of instrument and revenue metering
in utilities and industry
Upon completion participants will be familiar with:
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What is Electric Power
AC & DC Power
Voltage, Current, & Power Vectors (Phasors)
Capacitive & Inductive Loads
Real, Reactive & Apparent Power (Watts, Vars, VA)
The Dynamometer Wattmeter
The Energy Meter
Single-Phase Metering
3-Wire, Single-Phase Metering
Basic Power Metering
Introduces the fundamentals of instrument and revenue metering
in utilities and industry
Upon completion participants will be familiar with:
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Polyphase Energy Meters
Instrument Transformers (Current & Voltage CT's & PT's)
3-Wire, Single-Phase Metering with CT's & PT's
Metering a 3 Phase 4 Wire Load ("Y" Connected)
Metering a 3 Phase 3 Wire Load (Delta Connected)
Measurement Canada Standards
Blondel’s Theorem
Phase & Line Relationship
WT = (V1 x I1) + (-V2 x I2)
Circuit:
1-Phase, 3-Wire
Meter:
1-Phase, 3-Wire
“A”-Base, CT’s
WT = (V1 x I1) + (-V2 x I2)
Circuit:
1-Phase, 3-Wire
Meter:
1-Phase, 3-Wire
“A”-Base, CT’s
WT = (V1 x I1) + (-V2 x I2)
Circuit:
1-Phase, 3-Wire
Meter:
1-Phase, 3-Wire
“A”-Base, CT’s
Core P&I Courses
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic
BasicPower
Power System
System Protection
Protection && Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Introduces concepts which are common to P&I and basic
principles of protective relaying
Upon completion participants will be familiar with:
1
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Purpose, Requirements & Elements of Protective Relaying
Protection Schemes
IEEE Standard Electric Power System Device Function Numbers
Relaying Terminology
Surge Protective Equipment
Fuses & Fuse Co-ordination
Reclosers & Sectionalizers
Circuit Breakers
Breaker Controls
The Instantaneous and Invers-Timed Overcurrent Relay
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Introduces concepts which are common to P&I and basic
principles of protective relaying
Upon completion participants will be familiar with:
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Differential Protection
Transformer Differential Protection
Pilot Wire Protection
Impedance Relaying
Permissive Overreach Transfer Trip (POTT)
Directional Comparison Protection
The Westinghouse KD relay
The GE L90 (Multilin™) Line Current Differential System
L.V. Feeder Protection
Basic Power System Protection & Control
3 Ph Step-down Wye - Delta Transformer
H1
H1 H2 H3
H2
H3
Single Line Schematic
VBR-sec
Vrw-sec
VWB-sec
Core P&I Courses
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Advanced Protection & Control
The protection & control principles of High Voltage Stations
Upon completion participants will be familiar with:
1
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System Faults
Switchyard Configuration & Elements
The DESN Station (Duel Element Spot Network)
HV Bus Differential Protection
CT Saturation & Mal-operation of Bus Protection
3 Phase HV Transformers Construction
3 Phase HV Transformers Types
Transformer Failures
Transformer Failures & Protection Philosophy
Gas Relay Protection (Buchholz relay)
3 Phase Step-down Auto Transformer Phasing
3 Phase Step-down Wye - Delta Transformer Phasing
3 Phase Step-down Delta – Wye Transformer Phasing
3 Phase Step-down Wye - Zig-Zag Transformer Phasing
Transformer Restraint Differential Protection
Variable Slope Percentage Restraint Differential Protection
Advanced Protection & Control
The protection & control principles of High Voltage Stations
Upon completion participantsAdvanced
will be familiarProtection
with:
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& Control
DC Protection Logic
Transformer Differential IED’s (Intelligent Electronic Device)
The GE Multilin - 745 Overview
The Siemens 7UT513 - 745 Overview
HV Circuit Breaker Types (Oil, Vacuum, Air Blast, SF6)
HV Circuit Breaker Controls (Closing & Tripping)
HV Circuit Breakers - Reclose (Syncrocheck CUH 90 – VG Relay)
HV Circuit Breakers Failure Protection
The GE C60 Breaker Protection System Overview
Distance or Impedance Protection
The Westinghouse KD relay Overview
The GE L90 (Multilin™) Line Differential System Overview
Remote/Transfer Trip Protection
IEC 61850 Standard in Substation Automation Brief
Zone Auxiliary Tripping Module(ZATM)
Dynamic Monitoring Equipment (DME) Overview
Advanced
Protection
& Control
Digital – Electric
Circuits
The Mho Type Distance Relay
jX
Directional, will operate for faults in one direction relay only
Z2
Several elements can be set differently:
Z1 75% - 80% of the line impedance
Z1
Z2 120% of the line impedance
Z3 20%-30% of the line impedance reverse direction
use in
Directional Comparison Protection
Z3
R
Advanced Protection & Control
Remote Trip Protection
Instantaneous
Tripping
Instantaneous
Tripping
Core P&I Courses
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Transformer Fundamentals
The basic principles of all types of transformers that can be found in
most High Voltage Stations and industry
Upon completion participants will be familiar with:
1
2
3
4
5
6
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Electromagnetism, voltage & current transformation
Ratios and polarity
Potential transformers & current transformers
Saturation
10 ) Delta - Delta
3 phase transformers
11 ) Y - Delta
Core construction
12 ) Y - Zig-Zag
Transformer Losses & Cooling
3 phase transformer configurations 13 ) Delta - Zig-Zag
14 ) Vector Analysis
Y–Y
15 ) Differential Protection
16 ) Per Unit
17 ) Protection including the Buchholz relay
18 ) Oil analysis
Transformer Fundamentals
Transformer Connections
Star – Zig-Zag (Y –
H1
) Connected
PRIMARY
N
N
H2
H3
X1
X3
.
N
N
X1
X2
X3
X2
32
Transformer Fundamentals
Transformer Connections
Star – Zig-Zag (Y –
H1
) Connected
PRIMARY
N
N
H2
H3
X1
X3
.
N
N
X1
X2
X3
X2
33
Core P&I Courses
Basic Electrical Theory
Digital – Electric Circuits
Basic Power Metering
Basic Power System Protection & Control
Advanced Protection & Control
Transformer Fundamentals
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Safety Orientation
The fundamental concepts of electricity
The effects of electricity on the human body
Recognizing common electrical hazards
Hazard Assessment
Electrical Protective Devices
Lockout/Tagout
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Arc Flash
Identify Hazards
Busway Surveying of undocumented areas
Obtaining up to date One-Line and Short Circuit Studies
Reduce Hazards
Purge ALL Non-Current Limiting Fuses
Install RK5 Fuses in bus plugs up to 200 Amp
Install RK1 Fuses in bus plugs above 200 Amp
Protect
Using the Arc Flash Calculator to Identify Arc Flash Energy
and Hazard Category
Printing and Appling Labels to ALL panels identifying
Hazard Class and Appropriate PPE
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
How Arc Flash Incidents Occur
Phase to ground or multi-phase short circuit by:
Conductive tool during maintenance or other work activity
Dirt, moisture, insects, or animals
Mechanical failure of non-current carrying parts
Mechanical failure of current carrying parts
Loose connection in current carrying parts
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Safety Awareness & Arc Flash
Racking 480 volt circuit breakers on and off the bus
require at least this level of PPE!
What is wrong with this picture?
Program Manager
Professional Experience:
Hydro One:
- Work Methods & Training – P&C Program Manager
- Grounds & Site Mtce. – Field Contract Administrator
- P&C Design Engineer
Ontario Hydro:
- P&C Training Officer – Glen Cross T&D Center
- Field P&C Engineer – Bruce Nuclear Power Development
Education:
Queen’s University
- Kingston, Ontario B.Sc. Applied Science Electrical Engineering
Contact us at:
P&I Technologies
End