Ilmu & Teknologi Sanitasi
1. wahyoe_klaten@yahoo.co.id wahyoe_klaten@yahoo.co.id 17 Februari, 2011
Ilmu vs Teknologi
Ilmu Sanitasi:Keilmuan/Science dibidang sanitasi,upaya pencegahan penyakit dgn cara
menghilangkan atau mengatur faktor2 lingkungan yang berkaitan dengan rantai perpindahan
penyalit tsb.
Teknologi Sanitasi:Penerapan ilmu sanitasi terhadap permasalahan praktis sanitasi yang
sudah menggabungkan unsur Seni (Art) dan Rekayasa (Engineering).
Implementasi dilapangan untuk mengatasi problem sanitasi kita tidak dapat mengandalkan
teori keilmuan saja,namun dgn teori keilmuan tersebut menjadi input science dan
menggabungkan unsur rekayasa dan seni dalam mengatasi permasalahan sesuai dengan
karakteristiknya.
Ex:
Permasalahan Air Limbah di RS.
Ilmu Sanitasi : melalui Basic PAPLC (Penyediaan Air dan Pengolahan Limbah Cair) dan
mengidentifikasi karakteristik limbah RS.
Teknologi Sanitasi: Unsur ilmunya, Melakukan manajemen limbah cair RS dan membuat
desain Pengolahan Limbah Cair yang sesuai dgn kebutuhan dan memenuhi baku mutu,Unsur
Seninya adalah mendesain Water Treatment dgn unsur arsitektur yg friendly,mudah dlm
maintenancenya,mudah dioperasikan,Safety bagi Operator dan lingkungan sekitar.
Ilmu Sanitasi - merupakan input proses rekayasa sanitasi.
Teknologi Sanitasi: hasil dari proses rekayasa sanitasi.
2. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Sanitation is the hygienic means of promoting health through prevention of human contact
with the hazards of wastes. Hazards can be either physical, microbiological, biological or
chemical agents of disease. Wastes that can cause health problems are human and animal
feces, solid wastes, domestic wastewater (sewage, sullage, greywater), industrial wastes, and
agricultural wastes. Hygienic means of prevention can be by using engineering solutions (e.g.
sewerage and wastewater treatment), simple technologies (e.g. latrines, septic tanks), or even
by personal hygiene practices (e.g. simple handwashing with soap).
3. The World Health Organization states that:
"Sanitation generally refers to the provision of facilities and services for the safe disposal of
human urine and faeces. Inadequate sanitation is a major cause of disease world-wide and
improving sanitation is known to have a significant beneficial impact on health both in
households and across communities. The word 'sanitation' also refers to the maintenance of
hygienic conditions, through services such as garbage collection and wastewater disposal.
4. The term "sanitation" can be applied to a specific aspect, concept, location, or strategy, such
as:
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Basic sanitation - refers to the management of human feces at the household level. This
terminology is the indicator used to describe the target of the Millennium Development
Goal on sanitation.
On-site sanitation - the collection and treatment of waste is done where it is deposited.
Examples are the use of pit latrines, septic tanks, and imhoff tanks.
Food sanitation - refers to the hygienic measures for ensuring food safety.
Environmental sanitation - the control of environmental factors that form links in
disease transmission. Subsets of this category are solid waste management, water and
wastewater treatment, industrial waste treatment and noise and pollution control.
Ecological sanitation - a concept and an approach of recycling to nature the nutrients
from human and animal wastes.
5. Hening Darpito
6. Kepmenkes RI, No. 1206/Menkes/SK/X/2004
Sanitarian adalah pegawai negeri sipil yang diberi tugas, tanggung jawab, wewenang dan
hak melakukan kegiatan pengamanan pengawasan dan pemberdayaan masyarakat dalam
rangka perbaikan kualitas kesehatan lingkungan untuk dapat memelihara melindungi, dan
meningkatkan cara hidup bersih dan sehat.
7. Bogor. (Soedjono Sunhadji.210894)
Kesehatan Lingkungan Adalah ILMU & SENI dalam mencapai KESEIMBANGAN,
KESELARASAN dan KESERASIAN lingkungan hidup melalui upaya PENGEMBANGAN
BUDAYA PERILAKU HIDUP BERSIH, SEHAT dan PENGELOLAAN LINGKUNGAN
sehingga dicapai kondisi yang BERSIH, AMAN, NYAMAN, SEHAT dan SEJAHTERA
terhindar dari gangguan PENYAKIT, PENCEMARAN dan KECELAKAAN, sesuai dengan
HARKAT dan MARTABAT manusia
8. Maryland General Assembly Senate Bill 490, 2002
Environmental Sanitarian
What is an environmental sanitarian?
You may have heard the term, seen a job announcement, or read an article describing
someone working as a "sanitarian." Many people assume that sanitarians are the folks who
collect the garbage every week, or make sure that public buildings are kept clean. While
these jobs are a very important part of proper sanitation, a sanitarian is a person who is an
expert in public health and sanitation.
Back in 1855, a man named John Snow proposed the revolutionary idea that a cholera
epidemic occurring in London might be related to a contaminated drinking well. Authorities
were reluctant to believe him until they put a lock on the well and the cholera epidemic
went away. Since that time Snows idea, that maintaining a healthy community can directly
affect the incidence of disease, has become a founding principle of public health. Sanitarians
are the modern-day John Snows, working to prevent you from getting sick because of your
environment.
Today public health is an integral part of our lives, affecting things such as the water you
drink, the food you eat, and the cars you drive. In Maryland, "environmental sanitarians"
protect the public health by enforcing compliance with Federal, State, and local health laws.
Sanitarians also perform a variety of functions related to the control of environmental
hazards. Through their work, sanitarians ensure your health and the health of the
environment. In 2002, there were approximately 610 registered environmental sanitarians
in the State, most working in the public sector. In 2006, 27 environmental sanitarians were
employed by the Harford County Health Department. (Maryland General Assembly Senate
Bill 490, 2002).
What do environmental sanitarians do?
You probably already have some idea of what an environmental sanitarian does, but you
may call them health inspectors." In the media, environmental sanitarians are usually
shown inspecting restaurants for pests, rotting food, or food service workers with poor
hygiene. Most of the day-to-day inspections are not always as dramatic. While
environmental sanitarians do look for the things shown in the media, they also make sure
that restaurants store and prepare the food properly and take time educate food service
workers about food safety. (The same food safety principles are also important in your own
home. Check out the Food Control/Consumer Food Safety section of our website for more
information about what you can do to ensure your food is safe.)
While food protection is one of the most well-known functions of an environmental
sanitarian, there are many other parts to the job. Environmental sanitarians are involved in
so many things there is simply not enough space to cover all of it here. A great overview
was provided in a report by Johns Hopkins University when they examined Environmental
Heath in Maryland. The following is an excerpt from their report:
Local environmental public health (EPH) practitioners are responsible for a comprehensive
and diverse set of services and activities. Larry Gordon, the former president of the
American Public Health Association (APHA), defines the practice of local environmental
public health in this way:
"Environmental public health practitioners are involved not only in inspections, but perhaps
more importantly in surveillance, warnings, permitting, grading, developing compliance
schedules and variances, risk assessment, risk communication, public information, exposure
evaluation, seeking injunctions and other legal remedies, embargoing, sampling for
analyses, education, consultation, community networking, problem prioritization, policy
development, marketing the values and benefits of environmental public health, plan and
design review and approval, and epidemiology."
As Larry Gordon states, the true day-to-day practice of environmental public health covers
an extremely comprehensive and diverse set of services and activities. In Maryland, each
county is unique and practices environmental public health in very different ways. Due to
variations in EPH programs from county to county, for the purpose of the assessment, the
Profile project was organized into ten major EPH program divisions as listed on the
Sanitarian Services document (taken from the Profile of Maryland Environmental Health
Practice, THE JOHNS HOPKINS CENTER FOR EXCELLENCE IN COMMUNITY ENVIRONMENTAL
HEALTH PRACTICE February 2005) on the top right side of this page.
In Harford County, the Bureau of Environmental Health provides many of the services
outlined in the Hopkins report. The Bureau is divided into two sections, Consumer Protection
and Resource Protection. The Consumer Protection section ensures the wellbeing of the
populace through inspection of food service facilities, investigation of foodborne and
waterborne outbreaks, implementation of rabies and vector control programs, housing
surveys and nuisance response. The Resource Protection section has responsibility for
protection of groundwater through water sampling and monitoring, percolation testing, onsite sewage disposal system oversight, air quality control and solid waste complaint
investigations. To find out more about the services each of these programs provide click on
the links on the left side of this screen.
How do I become an environmental sanitarian?
In Maryland, anyone who is interested in working as an environmental sanitarian must be
approved by the Maryland Board of Environmental Sanitarians with the Maryland
Department of the Environment
(http://www.mde.state.md.us/WorkwithMDE/Public_Service/Sanitarians.asp).
The Board reviews applicants for their education and experience. The minimum education
requirement is a baccalaureate degree (any major) from an accredited college or university
that includes:
 at least 30 semester credit hours in the physical, biological or environmental sciences
 at least one laboratory course and two of the following: chemistry, physics or biology
 a course in mathematics.