Lesson Objectives
• To understand the factors affecting the
location of primary, secondary and
tertiary activities
The location
of primary
industry
Location factors:
• Nearly every economic activity is found in a
particular place for good reasons:
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Labour supply
Accessibility
Raw materials
Distance to market
Government incentives
Power supply
1. Explain why each of these may
be important.
2. Would certain factors be more
important for different sectors of
industry? Why?
Use page 161 of Tomorrow’s
geography for extra information
Location of a primary industry – China
Clay, Cornwall
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China clay, also called kaolin, had been mined in Cornwall for 250 years.
A man called William Cookworthy had noticed the fine porcelain that had come to Europe from China and
decided that he had spotted a gap in the market. He began to search for a material that resembled the
kaolin used in China to make the porcelain and in 1745, at Tregonning Hill, he found it - a type of
decomposed granite which was like a fine talcum powder in texture.
By the mid 19th Century, 65 000 tonnes of china clay were being mined in the St Austell area every year,
much of it for export. Seven thousand people were employed. The hamlet of West Polmear, a tiny place of
just nine people, grew to a population of three thousand as a result of the jobs in the area.
There was an environmental impact, however. Every tonne of china clay mined created five tonnes of waste,
which was piled up and nicknamed the Cornish Alps. By 1910, one million tonnes of china clay was mined,
75% for export, so you can see how fast the industry had grown.
In 1999, the company mining the deposits was taken over by a French company called Imerys, which has
moved most of its production to Brazil where its costs are lower and its profits are higher.
Most of the Cornish china clay pits are now idle and the total number of people employed is about a
thousand, a fraction of what it had been. (In 1974, it had been estimated at about 6000 workers.) The
former workers left unemployed would be classified as a negative social impact.
The Eden Project, has transformed a 160 year old pit into a tourist attraction, packed full of exotic plants
arranged in biomes to recreate their normal climate. It opened in March 2001 and had received its 10
millionth visitor by 2008. Not only did the pit provide the land and the setting, Imerys provided the sand
that was dug into the soil to improve its drainage. Since its opening, the Eden Project has hosted events such
as pop concerts, popular with locals and visitors alike, a positive social impact
Other leisure attractions making good use of the Cornish china clay landscape are the Clay Trails, a series of
bike paths established in 2005. These are also popular with dog walkers and horse riders. These
improvements to the landscape would be classified as positive environmental impacts.
Primary industry: Factors
• Main factor: Physical factor
Availability of raw materials
Economic factors
Market and accessibility
Secondary Industry
Why did Toyota locate at Burnaston,
near Derby?
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1- Accessibility
Excellent transport routes. On the junction of two main trunk roads. This allows easy
transportation of parts and the finished product throughout the UK
2- Incentives
Derbyshire County Council offered to buy a £20 million stake in the company. It also
pledged to improve the transport infrastructure.
3- Room for expansion
Location on the edge of the city. Greenfield site (an area on the edge of the city, which
has never been developed in any way) with ample room for expansion. Large area of
land: 280 hectares
4- Suppliers of component parts
The area has a tradition in car manufacturing. There are many suppliers of component
parts and engineering components
5- Attractive location for managerial workers
Attractive village location such as Findern for managerial workers.
The Peak District National Park, which is closed by, has many opportunities for leisure
activities.
C-Location of tertiary industry
Less dependent on geographical factors. Given good transport, energy and
communications, tertiary companies can locate anywhere.
Location of secondary industry
Example of a 6 mark question….
Explain the reasons for the location of an
activity in the secondary sector. (6)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E5EbrxJkzlQ
David Lloyd Gym- What 3 Human factors and 3 physical factors
can you work out for the gym locating here?
Tertiary Industry
Case Study: Great North Leisure parkDavid Lloyd gym
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Location- get a sketch map- annotate it
What’s there?
Physical factors for its location (inc 2 facts)
Human factors for its location (inc 2 facts)
Explain the factors that affect the location of
tertiary industry. Use an example in your
answer. (6)
The tertiary sector
What is high-tech industry?
High-technology industry involves a highly-skilled workforce and its products
require a high proportion of research and development.
High-technology industry is relatively footloose since access to raw materials
is not very important. The ‘raw materials’ that are required are usually
lightweight electronic components.
Examples of high-tech industry
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Labour
Environment
Research and
development
Access
Reputation
Government
policies
Match these statements to the location
factors attracting hi-tech industries
Near to, and links
with, a top class
university
Place of
high-tech
excellence
Supply of highly
qualified and
adaptable labour
Availability of
good transport
networks, raw
materials,
services and
markets
Attractive
location in which
to live and work
National and
local
governments
encourage
investment and
enterprise
High-tech industry on the M4 corridor
Examination question
Explain how the factors affecting the
location of industry can change over
time. (3)
Plenary
• http://www.geoggers.net/geoggers/Rural_dei
ndustrialisation.html
• http://www.cornwallonline.co.uk/attractions/Whealmartyn/Welcome.html