Unit One
• Pre-test
• A Million Dollars Activity
• Drug
• What do you think of when you hear the word
DRUG?
• Most of us think of harmful, illegal drugs, but there
are many different types of drugs. Drugs are used to
alter body, treat sickness, but other purposes too.
• Examples: Aspirin and Painkillers- Legal
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Marijuana and cocaine- illegal
• Food is not a drug. Though, many foods such as
cola and chocolate contain drugs- caffeine.
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Ways to Take Drugs:
Drugs can be taken orally: this means it can be taken through the mouth.
o This is the easiest way to take drugs.
o Most drugs taken orally are pills, capsules, tablets, or liquid. When taken orally, the
medicine is dissolved by the chemicals in the stomach and into the bloodstream.
Drugs can be taken by injection:
o drugs by injections are shots given to us by our doctor. A shot is given when the doctor
wants the drug to act quickly, or if it won’t act properly taken orally.
o We inject drugs into our muscles: arms, buttocks, or upper thigh. Injection is the fastest and
most powerful way for a drug to reach the brain.
Smoking:
o Some drugs are smoked- tobacco, marijuana, and crack cocaine.
o Nicotine in tobacco is the most common form of smoking a drug. When smoked, the drug
is carried into the lungs and passed through tiny blood vessels into the bloodstream. ALL
smoke contains poisonous substances. It can cause lung cancer, lung disease,
emphysema, and much more.
Inhaling Drugs:
o does anyone have asthma?
o People who have asthma use an inhaler to breath in the drug.
o Each time the inhaler is pumped, a certain amount of drug is released.
o Once it is inhaled in the lungs, then it is released into the bloodstream and carried by cells
to where it is needed.
o Other examples of inhaling drugs: Nose sprays, anesthetics at the doctor’s office.
• Demonstration: Have a variety of oral medications
in front of room. (pills- swallow, capsules, tablets,
liquid- drink, chewable- chew, gel tablets, medicine
in a lollypop etc.) Medicines are in many forms
because some people have difficulty swallowing
pills or dislike the taste of a liquid. Now, look at the
lollypop. Is this good or bad way to represent
medicine?
• Role-play: At your table come up with a response to
the following scenario. “ Mario has a part-time job
at a convenience store. Peter comes in and wants
to buy cigarettes. Mario thinks Peter is to young to
buy cigarettes, but Peter insists that he is old
enough.” What should Mario do?
• Inhalers are fastest way to deliver medicine when
someone is wheezing.
• Asthma is common condition among all age groups
of people.
• People with asthma usually carry an inhaler with
them at all times.
• NEVER borrow a friend’s inhaler, if you think you
have asthma then see a doctor.
• Other Ways to take Drugs:
• transdermal patch- sticks to skin like a bandage, and
medicine from patch is slowly released into the
bloodstream from the patch.
• Ointments: are applied topically to the skin and do not
enter the bloodstream.
• Drops: for eyes and ears, do not enter the bloodstream.
• Drugs taken in more than one form:
• Drugs that can be taken in more than one form
have different effects on the body.
• Penicillin- can be taken orally, but when injected it
has a much faster effect.
• Another example- nicotine- people can smoke a
cigarette that contains nicotine, but people trying
to quit smoking may wear a nicotine patch or chew
nicotine gum .
• Exit Slip- Create a concept map with the following
words: drugs, oral, pills, injection, needle, inhaling,
smoking, transdermal patch, ointment, ear drops,
eye drops, mouth, skin, muscle, lungs, and ear. Turn
in at tray.
• Activity
• Quiz One: Students will have 10 minutes to
complete quiz one.
•Medicines
•Prescription medicines
•Over-the-counter medicines
•Vaccine
•Antibodies
•Antibiotics
•Side effect
•Tolerance
• Medicines are drugs that are used to treat or
prevent diseases, pain, injury, or other conditions.
• ALL medicines are drugs, but not ALL drugs are
medicines.
• Approve medicines based on the following steps to
make sure they are safe and effective.
Releasing Medicine to the Public:
• The FDA determines how consumers can obtain
medicines. There are two ways.
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Medicines that are potentially harmful and very strong can only
be sold with a written order from a physician.
On a RX hard Copy there will be the following information:
Patient’s name
Medicine’s name
Doctor’s signature
How to take the (medicine dosage)
Prescription label:
Patient’s name
Directions for taking the medicine
Name of the drug
Doctor’s name
Special Warnings
It is important to take medicine exactly as instructed. Taking too
much can be harmful or taking too little can keep the medicine
from working.
Prescription Label
Reading
• OTC medicines are safe enough to be taken
without a written order from a physician.
• There are over thousands of OTC medicines.
• These medicines can cause harm though if not
used as directed on the label.
• It is important to read OTC labels that provide
information about ingredients, name and address
of manufacturer, and the control number.
• Why?
• OTC Label Reading: Record the name of the
medicine, recommended dosage, and possible
side effects. Check the ingredients and see if you
are allergic to any.
• Most medicines are used to:
o prevent disease
o fight infection
o relieve pain
• Medicines to Prevent Diseases:
• Vaccines are used to prevent disease.
• A vaccine is a preparation of dead or weakened germs
that causes the immune system to produce antibodies.
• Antibodies are proteins that attack and kill or disable
specific germs that cause disease.
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Common Vaccines:
Whooping cough
Measles
Mumps
Chicken Pox
Hepatitis A and B
• Many germs and diseases cannot be prevented
with vaccines.
• When you get sick from these germs/ diseases,
antibiotics are needed to fight off certain types of
bacteria.
• Antibiotics are medicines that reduce or kill harmful
bacteria in the body.
• Penicillin is a highly effective antibiotic used.
• When the body aches, it sends messages along
nerves and the spinal cord to the brain.
• The role of pain medicines is to block these pains or
lessen their effect.
• Aspirin is a commonly used pain medicine.
• There are varieties of medicines used to treat
people with certain conditions or health problems
(heart and blood pressure problems, diabetes,
allergies, etc.)
• Medicine in the Body: The way medicine enters the
body will have a different affect for the medicine.
• Medicines have different effects on different
people.
• Side effects: Some medicines in addition to their
intended effect cause a side effect.
• A side effect is any effect of a medicine other than
the one intended.
Common side effects:
Headache
Upset stomach
Drowsiness
• If you ever experience side effects talk to your
doctor or pharmacist. Some side effects may be
serious.
• When medicines are used over a long period of
time, people may develop tolerance to the
medicine.
• Tolerance is a condition in which a person’s body
becomes used to the effect of a medicine and
needs greater and greater amounts of it in order for
it to be effective.
• When two or more medicines are taken at the
same time the effects can be dangerous.
• Possible effects:
•Each medicine may have a stronger effect
that it would have if taken alone.
•The medicines may combine to produce
unexpected effects.
•One medicine may cancel out the expected
effects of the other.
• One Plus One Equals Three
• Should all drugs carry a warning label that states
the possible problems of tolerance?
• “This medicine must be taken five times a day and
must be taken at least one hour before eating or
two hours after eating.” Create a schedule of meal
times and times that the medicine should be taken.
• Activity
• Quiz Two: Students will have 10 minutes to complete
quiz two.
•Drug misuse
•Drug abuse
•Drug addiction
•Withdrawal
•Dependence
•Physical dependence
•Psychological dependence
• Any use of a medicine that is different from its
intended use is drug misuse.
Examples of drug misuse:
•Not taking the medicine as instructed
•Not finishing the medicine
•Taking someone’s else prescription
•Increasing the dose without your doctor’s
permission
• Misuse can lead to overdose, drug abuse or
addiction.
• In groups, perform a skit about a teen that starts
using medicine properly and then begins to misuse
it.
• Drug abuse is misusing a legal drug on purpose or
using any illegal drug.
• Misuse often occurs when people take too much of
a drug.
• When the person becomes used to the higher
dosage, they crave more, leading to abuse.
Why do people abuse drugs?
•Feel better
•Perform better
• Drug addiction is the uncontrollable use of a drug.
• Someone addicted to a drug will continue to take
it even if it is harming their health and relationships
with others.
• If someone is addicted, they cannot control their
use of a drug because they have become
dependent on it.
• Dependence of a drug means needing it to
function properly.
• If someone stops taking a drug they are dependent
on, the person will have withdrawals.
• Withdrawals are negative symptoms that result
when a drug-dependent person stops taking a
drug.
• When a person abuses a drug long enough their
body gets used to the drug, and form a
dependence for it.
• There are two types of dependence: physical and
psychological.
• Is the body’s chemical need for a drug. If a person
with physical dependence suddenly stops taking a
drug, they will experience withdrawals.
Withdrawals include:
•Vomiting
•Muscle and joint pain
•Fever
•Chills
•Anxiety
•And other symptoms
• A person’s emotional or mental need for a drug.
This person craves the drug and feels they can’t get
along without the drug. This can sometimes be
harder to overcome than physical dependence.
Psychological dependence includes:
Sleepiness
Nervousness
Irritability
Depression
• A character that has become addicted to drugs.
TV show characters usually recover from addiction
much more rapidly and easily than a real person
would.
• When people become addicted to drugs,
relationships usually suffer.
• Drugs can cause changes in a person’s behavior.
People using drugs are:
•more angry
•have serious mood swing
•can be difficult to talk too
•have violent outbursts
•become physically and verbally abusive
•lose interest in activities
•care less about friends they shared these
activities with
• Most who abuse drugs do not care about their
future and lose interest in their education.
• Learning becomes difficult because they cannot
concentrate, or forget what happened in class day
to day.
• Teens doing drugs stop doing homework and their
grades begin to drop.
• They often skip school and school functions.
• Teens using drugs may disrupt others from learning
by misbehaving in class or getting in trouble with
school authorities.
• Many teens addicted to drugs, drop out of school.
• Eyes on My Future
• Drugs cost money
• Abusing drugs is expensive.
• When drug addiction gets worse and the more
drugs a person needs the more money they need
as well.
• People who abuse drugs and need to fix their
addiction will do anything for money: lie, cheat,
harm others, borrow, steal, from family, friends, and
even strangers.
• Drug abuse and addiction can be harmful to the body. It can
cause:
•Sores on the mouth
•Sores on the skin
•Damage to kidneys
•Damage to heart
•Damage to brain
•Effect memory loss
•Sharing of needles can lead to HIV/AIDS
•Mental and emotional problems
•Depression
•Fear
•Nervousness
•Suicide
• Some drugs are illegal.
• Drug abuse or addiction can lead to problems with
the law.
• Getting arrested or going to court can affect a
person’s entire life.
• It may be harder to find a job, you may get a jail
sentence, lose freedom and dreams with time spent
in jail, may lead to other crimes (stealing or DUI).
• Drugs A Lost Cause
• Draw stick person on the board and write family,
school, friends, money, health, and police around it.
Have the students copy it down and write DRUGS at
the top. At the bottom have them tell how drug
addiction affects the relationships between the
person in the middle and each of the things
surrounding it.
• Activity
• Quiz 3: Students will have 10 minutes to complete
quiz three.
•Narcotics
•Stimulants
•Amphetamine
•Methamphetamine
•Depressants
Specific drugs that are obtainable only by prescription and are
used to relieve pain. Used to
• relieve extreme pain.
Examples:
•Codeine
•Morphine
• It is important to take these safely under the supervision of a
doctor because they can become addictive.
• Pharmacists must keep record of all sales of narcotics.
• Heroin: an illegal narcotic made from morphine. It is the most
commonly abused and highly addictive narcotic.
• Heroin depresses the CNS (central nervous system) and can
lead to a coma or death. Drug users share dirty needles and
increase the risk of contracting HIV/AIDS.
substances that speed up the body’s
function.
Makes the:
• Heart beat faster
• Increase breathing rate
• Raise blood pressure
• Examples of stimulant:
• •Caffeine ( discussion: what foods and drinks have you
consumed that contain caffeine? How does caffeine affect
you? What happened when someone you knew tried to stop
consuming caffeine?)
• •Amphetamine- stimulates the CNS. Prescribed to hyperactive
children.
• •Methamphetamine – similar to amphetamine. Treat diseases
like narcolepsy, Parkinson’s Disease, and obesity.
• •Cocaine- people take it to make them feel happy and
energetic. Wears off easily and people take more of it,
making it easy to overdose and be fatal.
• Crack- can smoke it. Reaches brain in few seconds and
produces an intense high. Wears off easily making it become
easily craved.
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Strong stimulants may cause:
Blurred vision
Dizziness
Anxiety
Loss of coordination
Collapse
Heart failure
Brain damage
stroke
Depressants
substances that slow down the body’s functions and reactions.
These are sedatives.
Prescribed to relieve:
• Anxiety
• Tension
• Nervousness
• Sleepiness
Three main kinds:
• Tranquilizers- reduce anxiety and relax muscles
• Barbiturates- feeling of relaxation
• Hypnotics- strong drugs that bring on sleep
Examples:
• Alcohol
• Xanax
• Valium
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• In your table groups, create a chart with two
columns.
• Column One: Stimulants
• Column Two: Depressants.
• In each column, write how each type of drug
affects the body, the dangers of each type of drug,
and names of drugs that belong in each category.
• Work as a group, but each person should have their
own columns to turn in.
• Exit Slip- Why is crack probably the most dangerous
and addictive drug used in this country today?
• Activity
• Quiz Four: Students have 10 minutes to complete
quiz four.
•Hallucinogens
•Marijuana
•THC
•Inhalant
• Of all the illegal drugs, marijuana is the most widely
used.
• What is marijuana?
• Marijuana is the dried flowers and leaves of a
cannabis plant.
• Marijuana is usually smoked although it can be
eaten. The active chemical in marijuana is THC.
•It makes them feel relaxed and happy.
•It can have negative effects by making someone
feel unable to move or have panic attacks
•In can cause inability to concentrate
•Lack of motivation (perform poorly at school or work)
•Affects coordination ( inability to react quickly)
Become psychologically dependent upon it:
•Irritable
•Unable to sleep if person does not use drug
Can cause physical damage:
•Lung problems
•Coughing
•Colds
•Lung cancer
• Have students in groups of four, decide how their
person’s job might be affected by the use of
marijuana.
• Marijuana Story, I’m on Your Side
In small groups, write a skit about a teen who starts to
use marijuana and tell how marijuana affects the teen
both physically and psychologically. How do these
effects interfere with the teen’s daily life? (10 minutes)
• Drugs that distort moods, thoughts, and senses.
Physical effects:
• Increased heart rate
• Increased blood pressure
• Lack of muscle coordination
• Decreased sensitivity to pain
Hallucinogens cause the user to hallucinate or see things that aren’t really there.
It can trigger uncontrollable, violent behavior. May lose sense of direction, time,
and distance. Can cause panic and be frightening.
Examples of hallucinogens:
• LSD- causes terrifying thoughts and feelings
• PCP-effects last a long time, produce strange and destructive behavior
Long term effect:
• Flashback- sudden reliving of the hallucinogen experience. They can occur
months or years after last use.
• Look at optical illusions.
• This is similar to hallucinogens because you see
something that does not really exist.
Any substance whose fumes are sniffed and inhaled to produce mindaltering sensations.
Examples:
• Aerosol spray
• Spray paint
• Cleaning chemicals
• Lighter fluid
• Hairspray
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When these are breathed in, the harmful fumes go directly to the brain.
Cause:
• Headaches
• Nausea
• Vomiting
• Loss of coordination
• Death
• Drugs associated with concerts or parties.
• Some of these drugs are colorless, odorless, and
tasteless.
• People can slip them into drinks without being noticed.
Sometimes referred to as the date rape drug.
Types:
• Ecstasy- can cause permanent brain damage
• GHB- very dangerous in combination with alcohol. Can
cause sleep, coma, or death
• Rohypnol- user blacks out ( 2-8 hours)
• Ketamine- causes hallucinogens and dreamlike states.
May result in death through respiratory failure.
• Pg. 284 Refusal Skills
• “ You are at a friend’s birthday party. During the
party a helium balloon pops and your friend inhales
the gas from the balloon. It makes his voice
squeaky, and everyone laughs. Then others start
popping the balloons and inhaling the gas. Your
friend hands you the balloon and urges you to try it.
What do you do?”
• Used to increase muscle strength and size, enter the
body through needle injections, and has many
negative side effects.
• Puffed Up
• What activities could be life-threatening if you
lacked balance, timing, coordination, and normal
vision?
• Activity
• Quiz 5: Students have 10 minutes to complete quiz
five.
• Drugs can damage your health. Can cause permanent
damage and even kill you.
• Can mess up your body and mind
• Interfere with ability to succeed in sports
• Damage memory
• Destroy goals and dreams
• Destroy relationships
• Drugs are illegal and get in trouble with law
• Make wiser decisions
• More natural energy
• Control over actions and feelings
• Not waste money
• Respect yourself
Participate in sports or get involved in school clubs
Develop a hobby
Get involved in community service
Play games with friends
Identify students who may use drugs and stay away
Learn to handle stress, so you aren’t tempted to use
drugs
• Stay connected to a trusted adult
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• Take pride in refusing drugs.
• You are refusing to damage your body, mind,
relationships, and future.
• You are not alone in this decision.
• STOP- Say No thank you, tell why, other activities,
and promptly leave.
• Think about everything you would be giving up, if
you didn’t stay drug-free.
• It is up to YOU to protect your dreams and future.
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Two student volunteers.
Have each student extend one arm and place the palm of the hand up.
Place six marshmallows in the palm of each volunteer’s hand. The
marshmallows represent peers.
One student will use refusal skills when pressured to use drugs while the
other will not.
Other students may quietly raise their hands and try to pressure the
students… example “one puff won’t hurt you” or “everyone else is
doing it”.
Volunteer one will use refusal skills.
The other volunteer will close their hand and squeeze tightly each time
they are pressured.
Do for about 5 pressures.
Volunteer one was able to withstand the pressure, although he/she is
around peers she/he can make their own decisions.
Now volunteer two was pressured (have the student open their hand)
and now this student is “stuck with the consequences”.
• If you currently use drugs there are support groups
to help you quit and treatment centers.
If you feel bored or lonely:
• Learn a new sport or hobby
• Start regularly being active
• Volunteer
• If you need help solving personal problems:
• Talk to a trusted adult
• Contact a hotline or support group
• If you are tense and anxious:
• Learn relaxation techniques
• Get enough rest and be active
• Use time management skills
In your group, come up with a skit for a teen who
faces peer pressure to use drugs. The teen should
discuss his or her reasons to stay drug free and use
refusal skills to those pressuring them.
• Why does bailing a friend out of their problems
created by drug use actually hurt them instead of
help them?
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Name sources of information about health issues.
What are reliable sources?
Not all sources of information are equally valid. Printed materials,
check the credentials of the author and anyone the author
quotes. Make sure information is based on a scientific study.
Sources:
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Parents/ guardians/ trusted adults- based on personal
knowledge and experience
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Library resources-encyclopedias and nonfiction books on
science, medicine, nutrition, and fitness.
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Internet- govt. agencies, health care providers, universities,
and scientific publications
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Community resources- local health organizations, hospitals,
clinics, government offices, universities
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Media- newspaper and magazine articles by health
professionals and experts on current health studies.