Menstrual Cycle
39. The cycle begins when an ______ starts to
mature in one of the ______________.
Egg
Ovaries
When one cycle ends, the next one begins:
As the menstrual flow exits the body, another egg
is beginning to mature in the ovary & the
Endometrium is thickening.
Menstrual Cycle
Menstrual Cycle
40. Menstrual Cycle- The process during which an
egg matures & is released (Ovulation) & the
Uterus prepares to receive it (Endometrium
Thickens).
Progesterone is responsible for this!!!
– Maintaining growth of the endometrium for
implantation of a fertilized egg
41. If the egg is not fertilized, the lining
(Endometrium) breaks down and is discharged.
This discharge of dead tissue, blood, mucus, &
unfertilized egg is called__________.
Menstruation, Menstrual Flow, or Menstrual
Period.
42. Menarche is the first menstrual period, this
usually occurs between the ages of 10 and 16.
(beginning of Fertile years)
Ovulation / Fertilization
43. Ovulation usually occurs around day # 14 ( the middle
of the cycle). At this time, the woman is most Fertile =
able to reproduce / become pregnant.
44. Site of Fertilization = Fallopian Tube.
The trip inside the Fallopian Tube takes about 7
days. As the Fertilized egg arrives at the Uterus,
the Endometrium is at it’s thickest point. ( to
prepare for Implantation) rich in blood &
nutrients to nourish the baby.
Pregnancy or the Menstrual Period
If Fertilization occurs the egg will implant in the
thick Endometrium & grow into a baby.
45. If the egg is not Fertilized, the Endometrium will
break down & exit through the vagina. Which is
called Menstruation, Menstrual Flow, or
Menstrual Period.
At the same time, a new egg is beginning to mature
in the ovary & a new Endometrium begins to
thicken.
46. The cycle takes about 28 days. The Menstrual
flow occurs during the first 3-7 days of the
cycle.
47. About 2 ounces of fluid / tissue is lost.
48. An average menstrual cycle usually lasts
about 28 days.
The Menstrual cycle is normal & healthy.
A woman will have Menstrual cycles from
Menarche to Menopause = her Reproductive
years. Except during Pregnancy.
Menopause
49. The ovaries slow down hormone production
and stop releasing an egg. This takes place
around the ages of____________.
45-55
This is called Menopause.
At this time in a woman’s life; Menstruation
ceases, Ovulation stops, & the woman is no
longer Fertile = able to reproduce.
50. Factors affecting Menstruation are:
–Diet
–Stress
–Illness
–Travel
–Exercise
–Weight Gain/loss
To absorb the menstrual flow some
women use;
Sanitary pads (napkins) – pads of soft, absorbent
material worn inside of underpants.
Tampons – firm plugs of material that fit inside
the vagina, where they expand & absorb the
menstrual flow.
Every women’s Menstrual Cycle is
different;
• Age at which menstruation begins
• Length of the menstrual cycle (# of days)
• It is common for the menstrual cycle to be
irregular at times, especially the first years.
• Some women experience Cramps
• Some women experience Back Pain
Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
51. This disorder occurs before the menstrual period –
Premenstrual Syndrome.
52. Symptoms of PMS
–
–
–
–
–
Nervous tension
Mood swings
Headaches
Bloating
Irritability
May be caused by dramatic change in hormone levels
Approximately 85% of women who menstruate report changes in
the days or weeks before menstruation that effect their normal
lives. This is known as Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)
Endometriosis
53. A disorder in which tissue from the inner
lining of the uterus (Endometrium) grows
outside the uterus, in the pelvic cavity.
Causes pain in pelvic areas (can be very
painful), especially during menstruation.
Can lead to infertility / sterility.
Can be corrected with hormones or surgical
removal of unwanted tissue.
• Endometriosis affects more than 5 million American
women, including teenage girls.
• It's not always diagnosed right away in teens because
at first they or their doctors assume that their painful
periods are a normal part of menstruating.
• But continuing, excessive pain that limits activity isn't
normal and should always be taken seriously. Because
severe endometriosis can make it complicated for a girl
to have children in the future, it's a good idea to get
medical help for endometriosis and not wait too long.
Sterility
54. Sterility - when a person is unable to reproduce.
Sterility can develop for a number of reasons;
Blocking of the fallopian tube.
Failure of ovaries to release eggs.
Endometriosis
Toxic Shock Syndrome
55. TSS – Toxic Shock Syndrome Caused by
bacterial infection
56. Usually found in menstruating women using
tampons.
Important to change tampons frequently to
avoid infection.
Symptoms; sudden high fever, a rash, vomiting,
diarrhea, & dizziness.
Treatment; Go to Doctor or Emergency room
immediately!
Ovarian Cancer
57. Ovarian Cancer = Cancer of
ovaries
Fatal if not detected early
Usually occurs after Menopause
58. Early detection & treatment
are crucial in combating any
cancer.
Uterine Cancer
59. Uterine Cancer = Cancer of uterus - Most
common is cancer of the cervix.
Strikes females as young as 20.
Pap Test - a sample of cells from the cervix are
examined for cancer.
At age 20, all females should have a Pap Test
once a year!
Breast Cancer
60. Breast cancer is the second leading
cancer in women. The first is Lung
cancer.
61. Monthly Breast Self-Exams = Early
Detection
Lumps or Thickness in the Breast = Let
Doctor check it.
Mammogram = X-Ray of breast.
Keeping Reproductive System
Healthy
62. Change sanitary pads /tampons every few
hours.
Female hygiene sprays, deodorants, douches, &
deodorant tampons are not necessary.
They may be harmful because they may cover up
signs of infection.
63. Once a girl reaches Puberty it is recommended
to have a yearly checkup of the reproductive
system.
Gynecologist
68. Gynecologist – a doctor that specializes in
the Female Reproductive System.
Video Clip
Menstrual Cycle
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZfGoLufEnJ8
&feature=related