SPANISH CONQUESTS
Mr. Green
OTHER EXPLORERS
• Ferdinand Magellan- In 1519, he decided to do
the boldest exploration yet- Sail from Spain
around the southern tip of South America
through the Pacific all the way back to Spain
• This is known as Circumnavigating the World
• Unfortunately, Magellan died in the Philippines
HERNANDO CORTES
• Looking to claim land for Spain, Cortes marched
his army inland
• He and other Spaniards are known as
CONQUESTADORS
• He and his men carved out land in present day
Mexico, South America, and the United States
looking for GOLD AND SILVER
CORTES CONQUERS THE AZTECS
• Bringing a force of 600 men,
Cortes marched into the
Aztec Capital of Tenochtitlan
• Emperor Montezuma
thought he was a God;
Cortes said, “we have a
disease of the heart and
only Gold can cure it”
WAR
• One of Cortes’ men killed some Aztecs-this created a
problem
• After one year of fighting, Cortes conquered the Aztecs
in 1521
• Spanish Advantages: Weaponry, Spanish Allies within
Mexico, and Disease
• Since Native Americans had never been exposed to
smallpox, measles, or typhus- killing 10 million in just 5
years
SPANISH CONQUEST OF PERU
• Spaniard Francisco Pizarro defeated the Incan
Empire and ruler Atahualpa
KEY TERMS
• Mestizo- Mixed Spanish and Native American
Population
• Encomienda- Forced slavery of Native Americans
• Encomienda abolished in 1542…But turned to African
Slaves instead
EUROPEAN NATIONS SETTLE
NORTH AMERICA
Mr. Green
COMPETING CLAIMS FOR NORTH
AMERICA
• The Following Nations are involved:
1. France
2. Britain
3. Netherlands
4. Spain
***FOLLOW WITH WORKSHEET (PG. 16)***
New France
Explorers: Giovanni da Verrazzano, Jacques
Cartier, and Sam de Champlain
Reasons for Exploration: Wanted to make money
off the land through trade with Native Americans
and through Fur Trade. Quebec City was founded
JAMESTOWN
Founders: 100 Settlers of Investors from England
to charter a colony in 1606
Significance: Over first ten years, 7 out of 10
people died from starvation, disease, and attacks
with Native Americans- BUT were able to hold on
and have England gain a foothold in the New
World
PLYMOUTH
Reasons for Colonization: Pilgrims(came
because they were persecuted for their beliefs in
England) and Puritans(Came ten years later for the
same reasons but settled in nearby Massachusetts
Bay)
NEW NETHERLANDS
Land Claims: Hudson River(New York) to Hudson
Bay(Canada)
Reasons: Fur Trading
NEVER ENDING STRUGGLE
English kick out the Dutch and have 1.2 million
settlers in 13 Colonies
England wanted to push West but collided with
France-this will cause a problem
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR
Colonists and British against French and Indians
After defeating the French, the British seized
control of the Eastern part of North America
SETTLERS VS NATIVES
King Phillips War: Native American ruler Metacom
and his men attacked settlers
Disease wiped out most of Nativea- leaving
Africans the next option for labor for colonists
GOOD JOB TODAY! (ME AT JAMESTOWN)