Take the pieces and group them
into the following categories:





Cell Type (prokaryote/eukaryote)
Cell Structure
# of Cells
Mode of Nutrition (autotroph/heterotroph)
Examples
Non-Science Example of
Classification

The item in this picture is

Automobile:
 Truck, Car, or SUV? Car
 Made by? Ford
 Type of Ford car? Mustang
-Was made in what year? 2002
-Is it Convertible? No
-Color? Silver
Classification: Goes from General to
Specific
Automobile – Biggest
•
Car
• Ford
•
Mustang
• 2002
-Non Convertible
-Silver - Specific
Classification

Classify – to group things together based on
similarities
 Why Classify?
 To make organisms easier to identify
 To make organisms easier to compare
 How do we classify?
 Compare Traits – features or characteristics of
an organisms
Little Known Fact:



•
There are over ___1.5 Million_____; and more
are discovered each year.
What do we classify? Somewhere between 2
and 100 million have yet to be discovered.
Classification serves as an organization system for
all the existing and new organisms
The Science of Classification is called Taxonomy
Early Classification – Aristotle 384-322
B.C.

2 Groups: Plants and Animals
 Plants – Green, Non Mobile
 Animals
– Not Green, Mobile
How would you classify this using
the Plant/Animal system?
Praying Mantis
Green but..
Mobile
Aristotle’s Grouping of life not specific enough
Tools Used to Classify Organisms
1. Comparative Anatomy
 Compares Physical Structures, Traits
2. Biochemistry – DNA and RNA
3. Embryology – Developing Embryos
4. Molecular Basis – Cellular Structure
5. Phylogeny
 Related Organisms with common ancestors,
Derived Characters
Linnaeus Divisions Still Used in
Modern Classification
1. Kingdom – largest group
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genus
7. Species
(Most Closely Related)
Mnemonic Device – To help
remember categories and order
Kingdom Phylum Class –
Order –
Family Genus Species -
King
Phillip
Came
Over
From
Great
Spain
Taxons


Within each category, a particular group is
called a Taxon
Many Taxons for each category
 Ex: Mammalia is the Taxon for the Class
category in Humans
 Ex: Homo is the Taxon for the Genus
category in Humans
 Carnivora is the Taxon for the Order
category in Lions
Linnaeus Introduced Scientific Naming

Binomial Nomenclature is the 2 word scientific
name of an organism




Uses Genus and Species
Genus is capitalized, not species, all italicized
In writing the name, can’t italicize, so underline
 Homo sapien (Genus and species of Human)
 Panthera leo (Genus and species of Lion)
Used Latin –

Felis concolor or Felis concolor
Example Classification


Lion
1. Kingdom – Animalia (all Animals)
2. Phylum – Chordata (All vertebrate
animals)
 3. Class – Mammalia (All Mammals –
mammary glands)
4. Order – Carnivora (Meat eaters)
5. Family – Felidae (includes all Cats)
6. Genus – Panthera (Includes all
roaring Cats)
7. Species – leo (Lions)
From Kingdom to Species
Three Domain System
Classification
Domain Archaea
Corresponds to Kingdom Archaebacteria
 Unicellular Prokaryotes (No Nucleus)
 Heterotrophs and Autotroph
 Cells Walls without peptidogylcan
 Live in Extreme environments like
those of early Earth
ex. Volcanic Hot Springs…..some even live in your
gut
Fungi Coral – It can move
Fungi - Mushrooms
All in the same domain as us!
3 Domains contain 6
Kingdoms
Classification
Which is the most primitive?
Three Domain System
 Bacteria
– Common Bacteria
 Archaea
– Ancient Bacteria
 Eukarya
– Includes everything else,
Protist, Fungi, Plants, and Animals
5 Kingdoms turns into 6
Monera is now
Eubacteria and
Archaeabacteria
Just another example of changes in
science
Domain Bacteria
Corresponds to Eubacteria Kingdom

Unicellular Prokaryotic (No Nucleus)

Ecologically Diverse –
live everywhere!
Cell Walls contain substance called
Peptidoglycan – special protein and sugar
Autotroph and Heterotrophs





Target of many Antibiotics ex. Strep Throat and
Food Poisoning
Not all bad….used to turn grapes into wine
Ex. Cyanobacteria, blue-green algae
Domain Archaeabacteria
Domain Archaea
 Unicellular Prokaryotes (No Nucleus)
 Heterotrophs and Autotroph
 Cells Walls without peptidogylcan
 Live in Extreme environments like
those of early Earth
ex. Volcanic Hot Springs…..
some even live in your gut

Summary of Bacteria
All Unicellular Prokaryotes
(No Nucleus)
 Heterotrophs or
Autotrophs
 What is the big difference?
Cell Wall – Does it have
Peptidoglycan?

Archaebacteria
Bacteria – With Peptidoglycan
Archaea – Without Peptidoglycan
Domain Eukarya
Contains Multiple Kingdoms:
Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
 Eukaryotic – Has a nucleus
 Single or multi-cellular
 Most
visible life
 Humans are in Domain Eukarya
Diatom
Kingdom Protista
Domain Eukarya
 Eukaryotic
 Majority are unicellular,
but some are colonial or multicellular.
 Heterotrophs and autotrophs
 May or may not have a cell wall
 Extreme diversity! Can be plant like or animal like.
 Examples: Algae, Amoeba, Paramecium, Euglena, Volvox,
Slime Mold, giant kelp

Kingdom Fungi
Domain Eukarya
 Eukaryotic; cell walls of
chitin.
 Majority multicellular; few
unicellular.
 Heterotrophs; feed on dead or decaying

organic matter. (_Decomposer_)
 Examples: Mushrooms, yeast,
bread mold.

Bread
Mold
Kingdom Plantae
Domain Eukarya
 Eukaryotic, multicellular,
cell walls of cellulose.
 Autotrophs; photosynthesis
 chloroplast.
 Examples: Mosses, ferns,
flowering plants, cacti.

Kingdom Animalia
Domain Eukarya
 Eukaryotic, multicellular,
no cell walls.
 Heterotrophs
 Examples: Sponges, worms,
insects, fishes, mammals, reptiles.
 Extreme diversity is
found in this kingdom

6 Kingdom System
Eubacteria
Archaeabacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia