UP CLOSE AND PERSONAL
President James Monroe
•Born in Virginia in 1758
•Attended the College of William
and Mary
•Fought with Continental Army
•Practiced law in Virginia
•Elected United States Senator
•Helped negotiate the Louisiana
Purchase
•Elected President in 1816 and
served from 1817 to 1825
•Era of Good Feelings
 Cultural Nationalism
Patriotic themes infused every aspect of American
society from books and paintings of Revolutionary
heroes to Noah Webster’s blue-backed speller that
promoted patriotism
 Economic Nationalism
Running parallel with cultural nationalism was a
political movement to support the growth of the
nation’s economy--------AMERICAN SYSTEM
 Political Nationalism
Movement to bring about the support for national
government over the states. Supreme court
decisions support the concept of national government
over the states.
Supreme Court Cases
 McCulluch v. Maryland
Maryland attempted to place a tax on the Federal Bank;
Supreme Court ruled that States could not interfere with
Federal Institutions.
 Dartmouth College v. Woodward
Between Dartmouth College and New Hampshire.
Court ruled that the charter of the college was a private
contract, and that NH could not change it.
 Gibbons v. Ogden
NY tried to give a monopoly to a company for carrying
passengers on the Hudson. Since the ferries stopped
in NJ as well, this fell under interstate commerce so
only the Federal Government could regulate it.
Supreme Court Cases
 Summary:
In a Federal System, power is not created; it is
transferred. These three court cases transferred power
from the States, and put them under Federal Control.
 Result?
 Federal government became stronger
while State governments lost their
power.
• A series of treaties were signed
in order to ensure the expansion
of the United States:
Rush-Bagot Agreement
Treaty with Great Britain
• Shared Oregon Territory for 10 years
• Set the northern limits of the Louisiana Territory at the 49th
parallel
– US agreed to cede land above 49th parallel
– GB agreed to cede land below 49th parallel
49th Parallel
Rush-Bagot Treaty of
1818 with Great Britain
Agreed to joint
occupation
• Florida Becomes Part of US
– After War of 1812, Spain had
difficulty governing Florida
– Seminole Indians, runaway slaves,
and white outlaws would conduct
raids and then retreat to safety
across the Florida border
•President Monroe commissioned General Andrew
Jackson to stop the raiders
–Jackson led a force into Florida, destroyed Seminole
villages, and hanged 2 Seminole chiefs
–Jackson captured Pensacola and drove out the Spanish
governor
• Adams-Onis Treaty (1818)
–Spain:
• Turned over western Florida along with all
to the east
• Gave up claims in the Oregon Territory to
the U.S.
–US agreed
• to pay $5 million to Spain
• to give up any territorial claims to Texas
49th Parallel
Adams-Onis Treaty of
1819 with Spain
Texas
Rush-Bagot 1818
• New Latin
American
countries were
formed from
successful
revolutions.
monroe doctrine
•Monroe felt that he had to
respond to the threat that
European countries might try to
win back their former Latin
American colonies.
•Thus, Monroe proclaimed the
fundamental policy that bears
his name, Monroe Doctrine.
•Monroe told Europe: You stay out of the West, and we’ll
stay out of your squabbles.
•The doctrine also claimed America’s right to intervene
anywhere in its own hemisphere, if it felt its security was
threatened
•This was a policy of mutual noninterference
Western
Hemisphere or
the Americas.
• No European
country tried to
intercede in the
Americas following
the Monroe
Doctrine, so it
appeared to work.
• In reality, no one
was afraid of the
American military;
Spain, France and
others stayed out of
the Western
Hemisphere
because the
powerful British
navy made sure
• Referred to as America’s Self
Defense Doctrine.
• It is a continuation of President
Washington’s neutrality and
isolationist policies.
• Past problems with Europe led
the US to declare the Americas
off-limits to Europe
US recognized
existing
European
Colonies
US will stay out
of European
affairs
Monroe
Doctrine
US protector of new
democracies in the
Western Hemisphere
No European
Colonization in the
Americas
american system
Spirit of Nationalism in US
patriotism or national oneness
Country is united, confident, and growing
1791-1819, 9 states joined the original 13.
One political party---Republican party
Respect from Europe
Monroe first president to visit all states.
Boston newspaper declared an “Era of Good
Feelings” had began.
But, time period was not free of problems.
Not so good in the era of
good feelings?
 There was an economic depression
 The country was dividing into three
parts
 Issue of slavery threatened the nation
The Panic of 1819
 Largely the fault of the Second Bank of
the United States,’ it did not give out as
much loans as before (tightened credit
in an effort to control inflation)
Many state banks closed
There were large increases in unemployment,
bankruptcies, and imprisonment for debt
 Depression was most severe in the West
U.S. was becoming divided into 3 separate sections with
each trying to promote their self-interest.
NORTHEAST
SOUTH
•Cotton-growing
•Business and
John C. Calhoun
Manufacturing
Economy
Daniel Webster
Leader
_______________
_______________
____________
•Opposed tariffs
•Wanted Tariffs
and government
•Backed internal
Role of
spending on
improvements
Government
American System
End to cheap public
•Increasingly
land
supportive of
states’ rights
•Increasingly
nationalistic
•Pro-slavery and
•Against Slavery and opposed any steps
of the U.S. Govt. to
believed the U.S.
Govt. must abolish it. try and abolish it.
WEST
•Frontier agriculture
Henry Clay
______________
•Supported internal
improvements and
American System.
•Wanted cheap land
•Loyal to the U.S.
Govt.
•Against slavery but
some supported
letting the people
decide the slavery
issue
NORTHEAST
•Business and
Economy Manufacturing
Leader
Daniel Webster
____________
__________
•Wanted Tariffs
Role of
•Backed
internal
Government improvements
•Wanted end to
cheap public
land
•Increasingly
nationalistic
•Against Slavery
and believed the
U.S. Govt. must
abolish it.
SOUTH
•Cotton growing
Economy
•John C.
Leader
Calhoun
__________ ____________
•Opposed tariffs
Role of
and government
spending on
Government
American
System
•Increasingly
supportive of
states’ rights
•Pro-slavery and
opposed any
steps of the U.S.
Govt. to try and
abolish it.
Economy
Leader
__________
Role of
Government
WEST
•Frontier
agriculture
•Henry Clay
_____________
•Supported
internal
improvements
•Wanted cheap
land
•Loyal to the
U.S. Govt.
•Against slavery
but some
supported
letting the
people decide
the slavery issue
The new period of expansion also resulted in
a national debate over slavery
• In 1820, the Union
consisted of 22 states
• 11 allowed slavery,
11 prohibited it
• When Missouri
applied for statehood,
it threatened the
balance of power
between the slave &
non-slave states
After months of heated
debate in Congress,
Henry Clay won majority
support for 3 bills that
represented a
compromise
The Missouri Compromise was created to
appease both sides
• (1) Admit Missouri as
a slave state
• (2) Carve off a piece
of Massachusetts,
called it Maine, &
admitted Maine as a
free state
• (3) Establish the
southern border of
Missouri as the
northernmost point in
which slavery would
then be allowed in the
western territories of
the US
The compromise was the first in a series of measures forestalling the Civil
War. It also split the powerful Democratic-Republican coalition, ending its
20-year control of national politics