CHAPTER SIXTEEN – THE JUDICIARY
KEY TERMS: Briefly identify, define, and/or explain.
Hamilton – Federalist #78
Obama’s two appointments to the Supreme Court
reason why its more difficult to get judicial nominees confirmed
judicial review
judicial restraint approach
judicial activist approach
Supreme Court’s 3 historical eras:
a) 1st period in the evolution of the Supreme Court (1787-1865)
b) 2nd period (1865-1937)
c) 3rd period (1938-present)
8) the “exceptions” clause (box on p. 414)
9) Dred Scott case
10) Owen Roberts
11) NFIB v. Sebelius (2012) decision
12) constitutional courts:
a) district courts
b) courts of appeals
13) legislative courts
14) senatorial courtesy
15) litmus test
16) dual court system
17) dual sovereignty doctrine
18) writ of certiorari
19) in forma pauperis
20) fee shifting
21) plaintiff
22) standing
23) sovereign immunity
24) class action suit
25) brief
26) solicitor general
27) amicus curiae
28) per curiam opinion
29) opinion of the Court
30) concurring opinion
31) dissenting opinion
32) stare decisis
33) political question
34) remedy
35) Congressional checks on the courts
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
KEY IDEAS: Explain in depth
1) Briefly describe John Marshall’s ingenious solution to the political trap presented
by the case of Marbury v. Madison (1803). How did this decision enlarge the
power of the courts. (box on p. 412)
2) Briefly discuss the arguments for and against the philosophy of judicial activism. (p. 429)
If you were president, would you seek to appoint activist judges? Explain.
CHAPTER FIVE – CIVIL LIBERTIES
KEY TERMS: Briefly identify, define, and/or explain.
1) civil liberties
2) civil rights
3) rights in conflict (offer an example)
4) cultural conflicts (offer an example)
5) 14th Amendment’s “due process” clause
6) 14th Amendment’s “equal protection” clause
7) selective incorporation
8) 2 parts of First Amendment
9) prior restraint
10) clear and present danger test
11) libel
12) slander
13) obscenity
14) symbolic speech
15) “free exercise” clause
16) “establishment” clause
17) “wall of separation” principle
18) exclusionary rule
19) search warrant
20) probable cause
21) Miranda warning
22) good faith exception
23) public safety exception
24) inevitable discovery rule
25) USA Patriot Act
26) Real ID Act
27) FISA
28) NSA
KEY IDEAS: Explain in depth.
1) Explain how the process known as “selective incorporation” has greatly expanded the
jurisdiction of the federal courts. (p. 99-100)
2) What is the constitutional foundation for the “wall of separation” between church and state?
Use examples to illustrate some of the difficulties the Supreme Court has had in defining
just how sturdy this wall should be. (p. 109-111)
CHAPTER SIX – CIVIL RIGHTS
KEY TERMS: Briefly identify, define, and/or explain.
1) civil rights
2) reasons why blacks had to rely on white allies to facilitate social change
3) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
4) “separate-but-equal” doctrine
5) Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
6) “all deliberate speed”
7) “Southern Manifesto”
8) suspect classification (box on p. 129)
9) strict scrutiny
10) “de jure” segregation
11) “de facto” segregation
12) Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg (1971)
13) “white flight”
14) civil disobedience
15) 4 developments that broke the deadlock over civil rights in Congress
16) “reasonableness” standard
17) intermediate scrutiny
18) Rostker v. Goldberg (1981)
19) 2 forms of sexual harassment
20) police powers
21) Roe v. Wade (1973)
22) affirmative action
23) reverse discrimination
24) compensatory action v. preferential treatment
25) Lawrence v. Texas (2003)
26) U.S. v. Windsor (2013)
27) Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) (Google it, it’s not in the chapter!)
KEY IDEAS: Explain in depth.
1) Explain why the efforts of blacks to change the law succeeded in the courts before they
succeeded in Congress? (p. 123-5)
2) Where do you fall on the equality of opportunity v. equality of results continuum?
Explain your position by referencing at least two Supreme Court decisions. (p. 139-44)