AMERICAN GOVERNMENT
ROOTS & REFORM
CHAPTER 9
(Revised 7/8/2011
Learning Objectives
In general, after you finish reading and studying this chapter, you should
understand the following:
 the creation of the national judiciary by Article III of the Constitution and
congressional statute-- the Judiciary Act of 1789
 the rules and structures of the American legal system
 the federal court system
 how federal court judges are selected
 the Supreme Court
 how Supreme Court justices make their decisions based on legal and
extra-legal factors
 how judicial policies are made and implemented
 suggestions about how to change the judicial system and the selection
process for judges
CHAPTER 9 STUDY GUIDE (Know these things)
Alexander Hamilton – 246, 246, 246
Judicial Review 247, 248, 247
James Madison – 247, 247, 246
Federalist No. 78 – 248, 247, 247
Authority of Congress to est. courts – 249, 249, 247
Impeachments – 248, 248, 247
Tenure for good behavior – 248, 247, 247
Judiciary Act of 1789 – 249, 249, 248
Size of supreme court since 1869 – 249, 249, 249
First Chief Justice – 249, 249, 249
Marshall Court – 250, 252, 249
Marbury v. Madison – 251, 252, 249
Types of courts – 252, 254, 252
Jurisdiction – 252, 254, 253
Criminal and Civil Law – 253, 254, 253
Constitutional and Legis. Courts – 255, 256, 254
Brief, Precedents, Stare decisis – 256, 257,255
Nomination criteria – 258, 259, 256
Page numbers by Edition (2008, 2009, 2011)
Not in text, in Power Point or Lecture
Ideology or Policy preferences – 259, 260, 257
Appointments to the Supreme Court – 257, 259, 261
Race and Gender – 261, 261, 260
Chief Justice John Roberts-262, 262,259
Writ of certiorai - 265, 263, 263
Rule of Four – 265, 264, 265
Solicitor General – 267, 267, 266
Friend of the court – 267, 267, 266
Interest group participation – 267267, 266
Oral arguments – 268, 268, 267
Judicial implementation – 272, 272, 271
Nomination criteria – 258, 259, 260
Key terms 274, 274, 274