DNA to Protein Test Study Guide
1. Describe the structure and function of DNA.
2. Explain the role of complementary base pairing in DNA replication, transcription, and
translation.
3. What do genes code for?
4. What is a protein? Give an example of some of the jobs that proteins can do?
5. What does hemoglobin do?
6. What are the building blocks of nucleic acids?
7. What are the building blocks of proteins?
8. What are the two types of nucleic acids?
9. Differentiate between the two types of nucleic acids.
10. Where is DNA found?
11. Where can RNA be found?
12. Where are proteins made?
13. Explain 4 differences between DNA and RNA.
14. Give 2 similarities of RNA and DNA.
15. Why can’t RNA leave the nucleus?
16. What are the three types of RNA? How do they differ in shape and function?
17. What is transcription? Be able to describe the steps and parts of transcription.
18. Where does transcription occur in the cell?
19. Describe mRNA splicing and what gets cut out and what gets saved. Where does this occur?
20. What is translation? Be able to describe the steps and parts of translation.
21. Where does translation occur in the cell?
22. What is the DNA template?
23. How can only 20-22 amino acids code for thousands of different proteins?
24. What do codons code for?
25. What do the codons do that do not code for amino acids?
26. Differentiate between codons and anticodons.
27. Be able to read the codon chart.
28. Be able to go from a DNA template to an amino acid chain (protein).
29. What is gene expression?
30. What is a genome?
31. Does every cell in an organism have the same DNA?
32. Does every cell produce every protein coded for in its DNA? Why or why not?
33. Explain the parts of a lac operon. Be able to label one and say what each part does.
34. Know your Prokaryote Gene Expression sheet. (You will turn this in the day of your test)
35. What is repression?
36. What is activation?
37. How can the lac operon be turned on?
38. How can the lac operon be turned off?
39. Why is eukaryotic gene expression more complex than in prokaryotes?
40. Explain the difference between heterochromatin and euchromatin and what this has to do
with gene expression.
41. How can the pattern of mRNA splicing code for new protein structures?
42. What is cellular differentiation?