Bellringer

09/18/14
Explain what it means that a living thing
must contain all characteristics of a living
thing.
Topic: Classification of Living
Things
EQ: What methods are used to classify living things into groups?
Learning Scale: I can …
4 – Design a dichotomous key to
classify organisms.
 3 – Analyze how and/or why
organisms are classified.
 2 – Describe how and/or why
organisms are classified.
 1 – Recognize the levels of
organization.
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Penny Sort Activity
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A. Your group will be given 10 pennies a
piece.
B. Come up with a way to place these
pennies into at least 3 groups.
5 minutes
Think-Pair-Share
Let’s talk about it…….
a. What are some ways you sorted your
pennies?
b. We have over 75 billion tons of living
things on Earth….Imagine that
What is classification?
 Classification is grouping of living
organisms in groups based on
similar characteristics.
 Taxonomy:
the science of
describing, naming, and
classifying organisms
Ways we classify things
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Supermarket aisles
Libraries
Classes
Teams/sports
Members of a family
Roads
Cities
Money
Comprehension Check
 Why
do scientists classify
organisms into groups?
 What
do scientists use to classify
organisms into groups?
Early classification systems
 Aristotle grouped animals into
simple groups such as animals
or plants
Determining Domains

Systematics (the current classification
system) uses the following evidence to
determine domains:
Cell Type (unicellular or
multicellular)
Habitat
How organism obtains
food/energy
Structure & Function of features
Common Ancestry
Current Classification System

Currently on Earth all living things fall into
one of three categories:

A. Domain Bacteria
B. Domain Archaea
C. Domain Eukarya


Domain 1: Bacteria

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Bacteria
• Unicellular
Archaea
• Unicellular, live in extreme
environments
Eukarya
• Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals
• Unicellular or multi-cellular
Domain 1: Bacteria
 Unicellular
 Obtain
energy through
photosynthesis or ingesting
others
 Bacteria can live in areas with
or without oxygen
Domain 2: Archaea
 Unicellular
 Live
in
extreme
environments
Domain 3: Eukarya

Unicellular or Multicellular
 Obtain food/energy through either
photosynthesis, eating others, or
decomposing materials.
 Includes: Protists, Fungi, Plants, &
Animals
Comprehension Check
 How
were organisms separated
into domains?
 How
many domains are there?
How is this different from
Aristotle's system?
Tree Map

Directions: Construct a tree map breaking
down the 3 Domains….
Tree Map
Parts of the object
Leaves
Name of object being classified
Whole Object
(Tree)
Flowers
Characterisitics/Definitions
Stem
Roots
Learning Scale: I can …
4 – Design a dichotomous key to
classify organisms.
 3 – Analyze how and/or why
organisms are classified.
 2 – Describe how and/or why
organisms are classified.
 1 – Recognize the levels of
organization.

Classification
Part 2: Levels of Classification
Topic: Classification

EQ:
Learning Scale: I can …
4 – Design a dichotomous key to
classify organisms.
 3 – Analyze how and/or why
organisms are classified.
 2 – Describe how and/or why
organisms are classified.
 1 – Recognize the levels of
organization.

Modern Taxonomy
The Evidence used to classify into
taxon groups:
• 1) Embryology
• 2) Chromosomes / DNA
• 3) Biochemistry
• 4) Physiology
• 5) Evolution
• 6) Behavior
Remember:
Early classification systems
 Aristotle grouped animals into
simple groups such as animals
or plants
Modern classification system :
Developed by Carolus Linnaeus
Consists of 8 levels:
 Domain
 Family
 Kingdom
 Genus
 Phylum
 Species
 Class
 Order
Felis concolor
Helpful way to remember the 7
levels
 Didn’t
King Philip Come Over
For Grape Soda?
 Did
King Philip Come Over For
Golf Sunday?
Helpful way to remember the 8
levels
Didn’t King Philip Cross the Ocean For
Gold & Silver?
 Dumb kids playing catch on freeways
get squashed


Or…make up your own…
• DKPCOFGS
Binomial Nomenclature
(Scientific Names)

Developed by Carolus
Linnaeus

Two-name system

Genus and species
named using Latin or
Greek words
Writing Scientific Names

Organism’s genus is always
written first; the organism’s
species is always written second.

The genus is capitalized; the
species is written in lower case.

Scientific names of organisms are
always italicized or underlined.
Example: Homo sapiens
Learning Scale: I can …
4 – Design a dichotomous key to
classify organisms.
 3 – Analyze how and/or why
organisms are classified.
 2 – Describe how and/or why
organisms are classified.
 1 – Recognize the levels of
organization.

Comprehension Check

Which group has more in common
those in the same kingdom or those
in the same class?

Why is it important for scientists to
use scientific names?
8 Kingdoms Foldable

Listen for Directions
Topic: Analyzing Cladograms &
Dichotomous Keys
EQ: What methods are used to classify living
things into groups?
Bellringer 09/18/14
What is the genus of the bobcat? Species if
the following is its scientific name:
Scientific Name: Lynx rufus
Genus?
Species?
Classification Tools
 Suppose
you to fishing and
catch a fish you don’t
recognize. How could you
figure out what type of fish
you have caught?
Cladograms

Cladograms: branching diagrams showing the
similarities and differences between organisms.

Shows the relationships among organisms, including
common ancestors.
Example: The
salamander, lizard,
hamster, and
chimpanzee have lungs,
but the salmon does not.
Therefore, they are
more closely related to
each other than they are
to the salmon.
Analyzing Cladograms
•
Which organisms are more closely
related, the dragonfly and
butterfly or the ant and
grasshopper? Why?
•
Which organisms are more closely
related, the inch worm and fly or
the fly and dragonfly? Why?
Dichotomous Keys

A series of descriptions arranged in
pairs that lead the user to the
identification of an unknown
organism.
Rules for using a dichotomous
key

1. You must start at #1 for each organism.

2. No organism fits into more than one
group.
1. Divides a larger group in smaller
groups
2. Typically, it may separate objects into
groups that “have it” and those that
“don’t have it”
Dichotomous Keys

A dichotomous key turns questions into paired
statements.
Dichotomous Key of Transportation Vehicles
Vehicles with wheels:
Dichotomous Key of Transportation Vehicles
Vehicles with wheels:
Unicycle, skates, a/p,
bike, train, car, bus
Canoe, boat,
sailboat,
Dichotomous Key of Transportation Vehicles
Vehicles with wheels:
Unicycle, skates, ap,
bike, train, car, bus
Canoe, boat,
sailboat,
Wheels made of rubber/plastic:
Dichotomous Key of Transportation Vehicles
Vehicles with wheels:
Unicycle, skates, ap,
bike, train, car, bus
Canoe, boat,
sailboat,
Wheels made of rubber/plastic:
Unicycle, skates, ap
bike, car, bus
train
Dichotomous Key of Transportation Vehicles
Vehicles with wheels:
Unicycle, skates, ap
bike, train, car, bus
Canoe, boat,
sailboat,
Wheels made of rubber/plastic:
Unicycle, skates, ap
bike, car, bus
train
Carries over 10 people:
Dichotomous Key of Transportation Vehicles
Vehicles with wheels:
Unicycle, skates,
bike, train, car, bus
Canoe, boat,
sailboat,
Wheels made of rubber/plastic:
Unicycle, skates,
bike, car, bus
train
Carries over 10 people:
Bus, ap
Unicycle, skates
bike, car
Naming Organisms: Binomial
Nomenclature
 Developed by Carolus Linnaeus
 Two-name system:
• First name is the organism’s
genus
• Second name is the organism’s
species
What rules are used to write
scientific names?
The first letter of the genus is ALWAYS
capitalized
 The first letter of the species is NEVER
capitalized
 Scientific names of organisms are
always italicized or underlined

Using the Classification System
Field guides help identify organisms.
-they highlight differences between similar
organisms (like trees)
Taxonomic Key (Dichotomous Key)
-paired statements that describe the
physical characteristics of different
organisms
Early classification

Aristotle grouped everything into
simple groups such as animals or plants

He then grouped animals according to if they had
blood or didn’t have blood, and if they had live young
or laid eggs, and so on…
Taxonomic Key
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1a Fruits occur singly ....................................................... Go to 3
1b Fruits occur in clusters of two or more ......................... Go to 2
2a Fruits are round ....................................................... Grapes
2b Fruits are elongate ................................................... Bananas
3a Thick skin that separates easily from flesh .............Oranges
3b Thin skin that adheres to flesh .............................. Go to 4
4a More than one seed per fruit ............................ Apples
4b One seed per fruit ............................................ Go to 5
5a Skin covered with velvety hairs .................... Peaches
5b Skin smooth, without hairs ........................... Plums
What steps would you use to identify a peach?