Solutions and Solubility
UNIT 4 EXTENSION
What is a solution?
 A solution is a
homogeneous
mixture of 2 or more
substances.
 Homogeneous: a
mixture that is
uniform throughout;
the particles are
evenly distributed
Parts of a solution
 A solution contains at least 2 components:
 Solute:
the substance being dissolved; example:
salt
 Solvent: substance doing the dissolving; it is the
major component in the solution; example: water
Universal Solvent
 Water is known as the universal solvent because so
many different substances can dissolve in water.
 Are there substances that do not dissolve in water?
 Yes! Examples:
Sand
Plastic
Cotton
Rubber
Solutions
 A solution can be any 2 phases (solid, liquid, or gas)
mixed together
 Examples:

Brass: solution of zinc metal (s) dissolved in copper metal (s)



Alloy: solid or liquid mixture of two or more metals
Pop: carbon dioxide (gas) dissolved in water (l)
Vinegar: acetic acid (l) dissolved in water (l)
Identifying the solute and solvent
 Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution.







Underline the solute and circle the solvent.
Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and water
Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol
Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gas
Gold Jewelry: gold and copper
Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases
Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water
Sterling Silver: silver and copper
Identifying the solute and solvent
 Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution.







Underline the solute and circle the solvent.
Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and water
Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol
Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gas
Gold Jewelry: gold and copper
Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases
Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water
Sterling Silver: silver and copper
Identifying the solute and solvent
 Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution.







Underline the solute and circle the solvent.
Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and water
Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol
Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gas
Gold Jewelry: gold and copper
Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases
Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water
Sterling Silver: silver and copper
Identifying the solute and solvent
 Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution.







Underline the solute and circle the solvent.
Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and water
Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol
Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gas
Gold Jewelry: gold and copper
Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases
Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water
Sterling Silver: silver and copper
Identifying the solute and solvent
 Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution.







Underline the solute and circle the solvent.
Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and water
Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol
Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gas
Gold Jewelry: gold and copper
Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases
Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water
Sterling Silver: silver and copper
Identifying the solute and solvent
 Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution.







Underline the solute and circle the solvent.
Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and water
Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol
Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gas
Gold Jewelry: gold and copper
Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases
Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water
Sterling Silver: silver and copper
Identifying the solute and solvent
 Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution.







Underline the solute and circle the solvent.
Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and water
Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol
Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gas
Gold Jewelry: gold and copper
Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases
Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water
Sterling Silver: silver and copper
Identifying the solute and solvent
 Identify the solute(s) and solvent in each solution.







Underline the solute and circle the solvent.
Remember: SOLUTE dissolves in a SOLVENT.
Ocean Water: salt and water
Antifreeze: Water and ethylene glycol
Soda pop: syrup, water, and CO2 gas
Gold Jewelry: gold and copper
Air: Nitrogen, oxygen, other gases
Kool-Aid: powder, sugar, and water
Sterling Silver: silver and copper
Solubility
 Solubility: the maximum
quantity of a solute (in
grams) that can be dissolved in a given amount of
solvent (in grams) at a specified temperature.
Concentration
 Concentration: how much solute is in a solution
 Concentrated
solution: large amount of solute
 Dilute solution: a small amount of solute
Which
solution is
more
concentrated?
Concentration
 Unsaturated solution: a solution that can dissolve
more solute
 Saturated solution: a solution in which no more
solute can dissolve at the given temperature
 Supersaturated solution: solution that holds more
solute than it normally would at a cooler
temperature.
3 Factors that Affect Dissolving
 Increase surface area makes the solute dissolve
more quickly.
3 Factors that Affect Dissolving
 Stirring: moves dissolved solute away so the rest
can interact with the solvent
3 Factors that Affect Dissolving
 Increase the temperature (Kinetic Energy):
particles move faster and collide more often
dissolving solute faster
 Most gases become less soluble in water as the
temperature increases.
Methods to Separate Mixtures
 Evaporation or Distillation: Uses boiling points
Methods to Separate Mixtures
 Magnetism: ideal for separating solids in which one
of them has magnetic properties
Methods to Separate Mixtures
 Centrifuge: uses density where layers are formed
based on density of materials
Methods to Separate Mixtures
 Filtering: separates large particles from smaller ones
Methods to Separate Mixtures
 Chromatography: The various components of the
mixture travel at different speeds, causing them to
separate.

Example: Paper Chromatography