Describe life before Industrialism
spread:
The Spread of Industrialism
The Spread of Industrialism Brought Changes and New Problems
How would you predict that
Industrialism would change this?
Before the 1750s most people worked the land as farmers. The average person
lived in a small village. The family grew its own food and made their own clothing.
Many people lived their whole lives without traveling more than 10 miles from
where they were born. Industrialization changed all this. The economic and social
changes were first seen in Great Britain. As industrialization spread outside of
Britain in the 1800’s, it also changed the societies of the nations of Europe and the
United States.
Industrialization Spreads to Other Nations
Which nation was the first to
industrialize?
Why would Britain make these
laws?
Why was Francis Lowell important?
Great Britain, the first
industrialized nation, tried for
many decades to keep other
countries from learning the
lessons of industrialization.
Great Britain passed laws
forbidding the selling of new
machines to other countries.
Workers who were skilled in
designing or making tools or
machinery or not allowed to
legally leave Britain until after
No other country, early in the Industrial Revolution, had cities
the 1840s. British laws,
with so many industries as England.
however, did little to prevent
the spread of industrialization to other European nations and the United States. In
1789 a British factory worker named Samuel Slater dressed as a simple farmer and
boarded a ship for the United States. Unknown to British authorities, young Slater
had memorized how to build a spinning machine. Once in the United States, he
met a Rhode Island businessman named Moses Brown. In 1793 Brown built the
first thread making factory in United States using spinning machines built by
Slater.
In 1823 Francis Lowell built a factory town named after himself at Lowell,
Massachusetts. Young farm girls were hired as mill workers to work the textile
machines. Lowell not only provided training to work the machinery, he also set up
a school to teach the girls to read and write. The mill girls were also given a clean,
attractive place to live.
The Lowell factory town became a model for how factory owners should
treat their employees. Textile mills spread throughout the New England states.
However, few factory owners followed Francis Lowell’s ideas.
Circle/Highlight the countries listed
here where Industrialization went.
Use context clues to define “textiles”:
Why was Britain the “workshop of the
world?”
The Spread of Industrialism
Besides the United States, industrialization spread across the English
Channel to Belgium, France, and to some German and Italian states. Although
factories spread rapidly throughout Europe, British textile factories still produced
more than half the world’s cotton cloth. Not until after the 1860s would other
nations seriously challenge Britain's industrial power. Because of the output of
British factories throughout the nineteenth century, Great Britain became known
as the “workshop of the world.”
The Growth of Cities
How did industrialism change where
people lived? Why?
What problems were caused by the
change in where people lived?
Answer the questions under the
graph…
1685:
Largest
Smallest
1881:
Largest
Smallest
Industrialization not only changed the way people worked, but also
changed where they lived. Before the Industrial Revolution, most people lived on
farms or in small towns. Few people lived in cities. Factories were built near towns
and cities drew people in search of work from the countryside. Industrialization
caused the population of European cities to grow rapidly during the 19th century.
For example the English town of Manchester had less than 16,000 people in 1750.
A hundred years later, the city was a major textile manufacturing center with a
population over 400,000.
From 1800 to 1850,
the number of European
cities having a population of
more than 100,000 doubled
to nearly fifty. The rapid
growth of population in
urban areas is created
many problems. People
lived in poor, unhealthy
conditions. Garbage filled
the alleys. Diseases caused
Which city has the largest population in 1685? Second largest?
Smallest? Which city was the largest in 1881? Smallest?
by bad water and
unsanitary conditions
commonly swept through cities. But despite the problems of city living, people
continue to move to cities in search of jobs. By 1900, 75% of the people of Great
Britain lived in cities.
Problems of the Factory Worker
Describe factory work at this time?
Answer the questions under the
graph…
Numbers on the left:
Number of zeroes:
1865:
Largest increase:
Largest decrease:
The Spread of Industrialism
Factory jobs drew unskilled
workers to towns and cities. Whole
families worked long hours in poor
working conditions. children as young as
six years old worked 8 to 10 hours a day.
Factory machines were often dangerous.
Factory owners were not responsible for
injured workers. Workers were not paid if
they were hurt or sick. It was difficult for
workers to change their working
conditions. Workers were forbidden by
law from forming labor unions. Therefore,
What do the numbers on the left mean? How
many zeros need to be added to them? How
they could not unite to force employers to
many union members were there in 1865?
improve wages and working conditions.
During which 5 year period was the largest
Since factory workers owned little
increase? During which was there the largest
decrease?
property, they could not vote. So they
also lacked political power to change laws to prevent them from forming unions.
New Inventions and New Sources of Power
Describe the contributions of the
following people:
Morse –
The Industrial Revolution continued to expand during the nineteenth
century. New inventions and new sources of power began to change industrialized
countries into modern nations seen today.
Electricity became an important new source of power. The use electricity
as a source of power begins the 1840s with the invention of the telegraph.
Bell –
Edison –
Daimler –
Wright -
The electric telegraph was invented by Samuel FB Morse. The telegraph
made it possible to send messages over long distances by making and breaking an
electric current. A telegraph message was sent in a code named for its inventor.
Morse code represented each letter of the alphabet by long or short electrical
signals. The first message was sent from Washington, DC to Baltimore, Maryland in
1844. The message was: “What hath God
wrought!” in 1866 a cable was late on the floor
of the Atlantic Ocean to carry electrical
messages between United States and Europe.
Messages that once took days deliver reached
their destination in minutes.
Alexander Graham Bell is best known
for his invention of the telephone.
However, he was instrumental in
developing a method for teaching
speech to deaf individuals.
In 1876 Alexander Graham Bell invented
the telephone. For the first time a human being
could be could hear another's voice over an
electrical wire. Electricity also provided safe
Why was gasoline/oil important?
How did the age of Industrialism
change the world? (review the
entire reading)
The Spread of Industrialism
light with the invention of the light bulb by Thomas Anderson Edison in 1879.
Edison was one of the most important inventors in the second half of the
nineteenth century. He also invented the
phonograph and the motion picture camera.
Another important new source of power
was oil and gasoline. Before the 1860s oil had little
use outside of greasing wheels. Oil soon became
important fuel that could provide heat or drive
machinery.
Gasoline, which is a refined form of crude
oil, became a powerful source of power. Gasoline
became the power uses for the internal
combustion engine. This small compact engine
was invented in 1885 Gottlieb Daimler [GOT leeb
DAME lur]. The internal combustion engine made
the automobile possible. In 1903 two American
mechanics, Orville and Wilbur Wright, were the
first to successfully fly in an airplane. The light
gasoline engine made airplane flights possible.
Thomas Edison was considered a
genius of technology. He received over
1,000 patents for his inventions
including the incandescent electric
lamp, the phonograph, and the motion
picture projector.
Stop and review
1)
Before the 1750s what type of work did most people do in Europe?
2)
How did Great Britain try to stop the spread of industrialization?
3)
What British factory worker secretly brought the plans for a spinning
machine to the United States?
4)
How did industrialization change the way people lived?
5)
What were two problems faced by factory workers?