AP US History
Cause and Effect
Cause
Effect
 Continued growth of
 The US begins to look
American business and
agriculture
 Capitalism and Free
Markets
 Global competition
 Investments in Latin
American sugar
outward to other
markets around the
world…..especially in
Latin America.
Cause
Effect
 Geographic location
 The United States is
 Naval base (Pearl Harbor)
 Importing sugar is
expensive (tariff)
 Annexation blocked by
Queen 1891
 American insurrection in
1893
 President McKinley
annexes in 1898.
interested in the
Hawaiian Islands but is
slow to because of
President Cleveland.
Hawaii is eventually
annexed in 1898.
Cause
Effect
 American investments in
 In 1895 the United States
Cuban were hurt by the
unrest between Cubans
and Spanish.
 $50 million invested in
Cuba.
 $100 million in yearly
trade.
intervenes in Cuba after
the Cuban insurrectos
torches canefields and
sugar mills controlled by
the Spanish.
Cause
 Spanish General puts
down the rebellion and
places Cubans in
concentration camps.
 Many Cubans die
horrific deaths.
Effect
 Yellow Journalists report
outrageous headlines of
Americans in Cuba
losing their lives.
 Americans become
infuriated.
 Famous journalists:
 William Randolph
Hearst
 Joseph Pulitzer
Cause
Effect
 The USS Maine sent to
 Americans naturally blame
Cuba to help protect
American lives in 1898.
 The Maine
“mysteriously” explodes
in Havana Harbor on
February 15, 1898 killing
260 American sailors.




the Spanish.
Yellow Journalists run with
the story.
The Spanish claim no foul
play and that it was an
accident.
Americans want war!
War declared with Spain in
1898.
Cause
Effect
 McKinley doesn’t want
 President McKinley
the world to view our
aggression in Cuba as a
threat of taking over
Cuba.
 We want to maintain our
reputation as antiimperialist and
noninterventionist.
draws up the Teller
Amendment which
proclaims that we will
give Cubans their
freedom after we defeat
the Spanish.
Cause
Effect
 Teddy Roosevelt (in charge
 George Dewey and
of the Navy) orders an
American invasion of the
Philippines.
 May 1, 1898, 400 Spaniards
are killed in Manila Bay.
 The Philippine Islands are
taken by the US in August
of 1898.
Theodore Roosevelt
become national heroes
for their efforts in
defeating the Spanish in
the Philippine Islands.
Cause
Effect
 Roosevelt’s “Rough
 Santiago Harbor in Cuba
Riders” invade Cuba.
 Colonel Leonard Wood
leads invasion on July 1
and on July 3 the Spanish
ships leave the harbor
but are met by US Navy
warships.
is surrendered by the
Spanish and on August
12, 1898 Spain signs an
armistice ending the war.
Cause
Effect
 Peace treaty with Spain
 United States gets Guam
signed in Paris, France in
1898.
and Puerto Rico.
 Cuba gives the United
States land after we give
them their independence
(teller amendment).
 We receive more respect
world-wide in diplomacy.
 We gave Spain $20 million
for the Philippines.
Cause
Effect
 President McKinley
 Filipino insurrection
decides to annex the
Philippines outright.
 Plans to Christianize and
provide government
structure.
 Protection from anarchy,
imperialist Japan, and retakeover by Spain.
against the United States
in 1899.
 Emilio Aguinaldo
capture in 1901 and
rebellion is stopped.
 Philippines given
independence later in
1946 on……July 4.
Cause
Effect
 China is defeated by
 European nations rush to
Japan in 1895.
China to claim “spheres
of influence” in order to
control the trade market
of those areas.
Cause
Effect
 The United States
 Secretary of State, John
doesn’t want to fall
behind in the global
marketplace or lose
influence in the Pacific.
 They want a piece of the
action while also
showing respect to
China’s culture.
Hay, creates the Open
Door Policy….respecting
Chinese rights, fair
competition, no
stopping trade in their
respective spheres of
influence.
Cause
 Tired of all the foreign
nations in China,
Chinese natives skilled
in martial arts kill more
than 200 foreigners and
Chinese converts to
Christianity.
 Laid siege on foreign
relations building in
Beijing.
Effect
 Boxer Rebellion of 1900
Cause
Effect
 William McKinley is
 Theodore Roosevelt
assassinated by Leon
Czolgosz.
 Two gunshot wounds.
 Conspiracy theories
behind assassination run
wild.
takes over the Presidency
in September of 1901.
Cause
Effect
 President Roosevelt
 Begins negotiations with
desires to strengthen our
Navy and make our
mobility faster to defend
our new territories….
French company in Panama
to create canal connecting
Atlantic to Pacific. The
Columbian government stops
construction. The
Panamanians revolt with the
help of the US and win their
independence from
Columbia. Construction
began in 1904 and finished in
1914 and cost over 400 million
dollars.
Cause
Effect
 Latin American nations
 President Roosevelt
begin defaulting on
loans to European
nations and those
nations begin to invade
Latin America which
threatens US economic
interests.
implements the “Roosevelt
Corollary”.
 An addition to the Monroe
Doctrine.
 The US will help Latin
American nations pay their
debts to European nations.
 Our objective: keep Europe
out of the Western
Hemisphere.