Practice Test
US History
Unit Eight
• Instructions for Use:
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B. Click on the answer you think is correct or if there are not
answers to choose from try to answer it in your head and then
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If you cannot finish the Practice test in one sitting, use
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left off.
He accepted Soviet aid for Cuba.
• Answer
– Fidel Castro
This involved an invasion of Cuba.
• Answer
– Bay of Pigs
He lost the 1960 presidential
election.
• Answer
– Richard Nixon
He squared off against Kennedy
during the Berlin crisis.
• Answer
– Nikita Khrushchev
This barred nuclear testing in the
atmosphere.
• Answer
– Limited Test Ban Treaty
His religious beliefs were an important
issue of the 1960 presidential campaign.
• Answer
– John F. Kennedy
This strategy was intended to broaden
America's range of options during
international crises by
"strengthening and modernizing the military's
ability to fight a nonnuclear war."
• Answer
– Flexible response
John F. Kennedy, the Democratic
nominee for President in 1960, was a
senator from
a. New York.
b. California.
c. Texas.
d. Massachusetts.
Kennedy appointed his brother,
Robert, to serve as
a. secretary of state.
b. attorney general.
c. secretary of defense.
d. a justice of the Supreme Court.
The hot line established in 1963
did all of the following except
a. link the White House and the Kremlin.
b. make communication in a crisis easier.
c. ease Cold War tensions.
d. barred nuclear testing.
Which was not a factor working against
Kennedy in the 1960 election?
a. age
b. Religion
c. debate performance
d. serious policy differences with his
opponent
What was the main purpose of the
flexible response military strategy?
a. to enable the United States to fight limited wars
around the world
b. to decrease the number of nuclear weapons
c. to prepare for the Bay of Pigs invasion
d. to reduce defense spending
What contributed to the end of the
Cuban missile crisis?
a. America's secret promise to remove missiles from
Turkey
b. the discovery that the missiles had been removed
c. Castro's promise to restore democracy
d. Castro's promise to break with the Soviet Union
What was the main reason for the
construction of the Berlin Wall?
a. to embarrass America
b. to stop East Germans from fleeing to
West Berlin
c. to reduce Cold War tensions
d. to demonstrate the success of communism
The Peace Corps, a program of
volunteer assistance to developing
nations, was
a. proposed by Kennedy and failed.
b. proposed by Johnson and failed.
c. proposed by Kennedy and succeeded.
d. proposed by Johnson and succeeded.
Which was not a result of Kennedy's
New Frontier initiatives?
a. expansion of the military
b. acceleration of the space program
c. the Peace Corps
d. higher taxes
How did America react to news that the
Soviet Union was the first to put a man
in space?
a. indifference
b. pride in human achievement
c. determination not to lose the space race
d. threats of military action
Which of the following reflects the
findings of the Warren Commission?
a. Oswald and Ruby were part of a
conspiracy.
b. Oswald acted alone.
c. Cuban exiles were involved.
d. The FBI was involved.
This banned prayer in public schools and
brought about change in federal and state
reapportionment and the criminal justice
system.
• Answer
– The Warren Court
In this case, the Supreme Court
established the principle of "one
person, one vote."
• Answer
– Baker v. Carr
In this case, the Supreme Court ruled
that all suspects must be "read their
rights" before questioning.
• Answer
– Miranda v. Arizona
These provided free or low-cost medical
insurance to welfare recipients and most
Americans age 65 and older.
• Answer
– Medicare and Medicaid
This provided federal aid to help public and
parochial schools purchase textbooks and new
library materials.
• Answer
– Elementary and Secondary Education
Act
This term refers to the way in which states
redraw election districts based on the
changing number of people in them.
• Answer
– Reapportionment
In this case, the Supreme Court required
criminal courts to provide free legal counsel to
those who could not afford it.
• Answer
– Gideon v. Wainwright
This legislative program summed up
President Johnson's vision for America.
• Answer
– Great Society
The Economic Opportunity Act did all
of the following except
a. offer foreign aid to Latin American countries.
b. give underprivileged preschoolers a head start.
c. encourage poor people to join in public-works
programs.
d. create a training program for youth.
Lyndon Baines Johnson, who became
president when Kennedy was
assassinated, was
a. never elected president by the people.
b. an experienced politician.
c. mistrusted because he was a Catholic.
d. opposed to the Great Society.
Medicare, a federal program
established for Americans age 65 and
over, was intended to provide
a. housing.
b. transportation.
c. education.
d. health insurance.
The Immigration Act of 1965
a. stopped immigration from European countries.
b. stopped immigration from non-European countries.
c. ended quotas based on nationality.
d. began quotas based on nationality.
What was one result of Johnson's
Great Society initiatives?
a. a balanced budget
b. reduction in the power of the federal
government
c. a conservative backlash
d. increased taxes
What was the major factor in
Johnson's landslide victory over
Goldwater in 1964?
a. Johnson's domestic agenda
b. Goldwater's liberalism
c. Johnson's determination to fight communism in
South Vietnam
d. Goldwater's call for the use of nuclear weapons
against Cuba and Vietnam
Which of the following groups was
intended to benefit the most from the
Great Society programs?
a. minorities and the poor
b. white, middle-class families
c. farmers and laborers
d. businessmen
Spokesperson for the Mississippi
Freedom Democratic Party at the 1964
Democratic Convention
• Answer
– Fannie Lou Hamer
NAACP lawyer who argued the Brown v.
Board of Education case before the
Supreme Court
• Answer
– Thurgood Marshall
Black Muslim leader who urged blacks
to separate from white society
• Answer
– Malcolm X
Civil rights leader and minister who
believed deeply in the power of
nonviolent protest
• Answer
– Martin Luther King, Jr.
President who demanded that Congress
pass a sweeping civil rights law but did
not live to see it enacted
• Answer
– John F. Kennedy
President who appointed a committee to
study the causes of urban violence
• Answer
– Lyndon B. Johnson
Veteran who became the first African
American to attend the University of
Mississippi
• Answer
– James Meredith
Activist whose protest helped spark the
Montgomery bus boycott
• Answer
– Rosa Parks
President who ordered soldiers to protect
African-American students trying to integrate
a white high school in Little Rock, Arkansas
• Answer
– Dwight D. Eisenhower
Civil rights leader who became
impatient with nonviolence and called
for "Black Power"
• Answer
– Stokely Carmichael
Which of the following affirmed the legality
of racial segregation and prompted the
passage of Jim Crow laws?
a. the Fourteenth
b. the Civil Rights Act of 1875 Amendment
c. the decision in Plessy v. Ferguson
d. the decision in Morgan v. Virginia
Which doctrine relating to public education
was overturned by the Supreme Court decision
in Brown v. Board of Education?
a. due process of law
b. "separate but equal"
c. "all deliberate speed"
d. equal protection of the law
According to the Kerner Commission,
what was the main cause of urban
violence?
a. white racism
b. school segregation
c. black nationalism
d. dejure segregation
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 made
segregation illegal in which of the
following?
a. housing
b. churches
c. private universities
d. public accommodations
What did the Voting Rights Act of 1965
enable federal officials to do?
a. register voters
b. oversee the collection of poll taxes
c. oversee programs to test voter literacy
d. recount votes
The Civil Rights Act of 1968 banned
discrimination in which activity?
a. hiring an employee
b. selling or renting a home
c. awarding a construction contract
d. admitting students to state universities
Which of the following is not
associated with the Black Power
movement?
a. Malcolm X
b. Stokely Carmichael
c. the Black Panthers
d. the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
What was the main type of pressure exerted
by the Montgomery Improvement Association
in response to segregation on buses?
a. social
b. economic
c. political
d. physical force
Which of the following was not
advocated by the Black Panthers?
a. nonviolence
b. Black Power
c. black nationalism
d. community development
Which of the following is an example of
de facto segregation?
a. poll taxes
b. Jim Crow laws
c. a concentration of urban African Americans in
slum areas
d. a voter literacy test given to African Americans
in the South
President who used the Tonkin Gulf incident as
an excuse to deepen U.S. involvement in the
Vietnam War
• Answer
– Lyndon Johnson
Vietnamese forces that were supported
by American troops
• Answer
– Army of the Republic of Vietnam
Americans who supported strong U.S.
military efforts in Vietnam
• Answer
– Hawks
Top U.S. negotiator on Vietnam
during Nixon's presidency
• Answer
– Henry Kissinger
South Vietnamese citizens who fought against
the South Vietnamese government and
American forces
• Answer
– Vietcong
Communist leader of the Vietnamese struggle
against the French, the Japanese, and the
Americans
• Answer
– Ho Chi Minh
U.S. president responsible for
the Vietnamization of the war
• Answer
– Richard Nixon
Communist group that took control of
Cambodia in 1975
• Answer
– Khmer Rouge
Political organization whose goal was to
win Vietnam's independence from
foreign rule
• Answer
– Vietminh
Organization led by Mario Savio that focused
its criticism on the nation's faceless and
powerful institutions
• Answer
– Free Speech Movement
___ was the United States' main goal in
Vietnam.
a. Reunifying Vietnam
b. Containing the spread of communism
c. Upholding the Geneva Accords
d. Negotiating a cease-fire agreement with
North Vietnam
___ served as the commander of U.S.
troops in Vietnam.
a. Dean Rusk
b. Clark Clifford
c. Robert McNamara
d. William Westmoreland
In the early years of the war, a young
man could automatically be deferred
from the draft by ___.
a. getting married
b. enrolling in college
c. getting a job
d. becoming a conscientious objector
___ did not occur in 1968.
a. The Tet Offensive
b. The U.S. invasion of Cambodia
c. The assassination of Robert Kennedy
d. The assassination of Martin Luther King,
Jr.
___ set off the first general student
strike in U.S. history.
a. The invasion of Cambodia
b. The assassination of Robert Kennedy
c. The assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.
d. Riots at the 1968 Democratic National Convention
After World War II, the United States aided
___ in its efforts to keep control of Vietnam.
a. Japan
b. China
c. France
d. Britain
___ enabled North Vietnam to
send troops to South Vietnam.
a. The Ho Chi Minh Trail
b. The fall of Dien Bien Phu
c. The strategic hamlet program
d. Operation Rolling Thunder
The main purpose of the War Powers
Act was to ___.
a. expand the power of the military
b. expand the power of the president
c. restrict the power of the military
d. restrict the power of the president
___, founded by Tom Hayden and Al Haber, charged
that corporations and large government institutions
had taken over America.
a. Students for a Democratic Society
b. The Free Speech Movement
c. The New Left
d. The Hardhats
___ was/were most effective in convincing the
American public that the war was not winnable.
a. Body counts
b. The Tet Offensive
c. The actions of Students for a Democratic
Society
d. The invasion of Cambodia
In the 1968 presidential campaign, which of
the following candidates would a dove most
likely have favored?
a. George Wallace
b. Richard Nixon
c. Eugene McCarthy
d. Hubert Humphrey
Which of the following did President Nixon
say would bring about "peace with honor" in
Vietnam?
a. the Vietnamization of the war
b. the Americanization of the war
c. the domino theory
d. the Geneva Accords
Which president asked Congress for the
Tonkin Gulf Resolution?
a. Richard Nixon
b. Lyndon Johnson
c. John Kennedy
d. Dwight Eisenhower
What was the main purpose of introducing the
"body count"?
a. to persuade Americans that a Vietcong surrender
was imminent
b. to motivate U.S. soldiers to desire revenge
c. to build antiwar sentiment in the United States
d. to show that the war could not be won without
U.S. involvement
Which of the following statements regarding
the Democratic candidates for president in
the 1968 election is true?
a. Robert Kennedy was assassinated after narrowly losing the
party's nomination.
b. Hubert Humphrey was guaranteed the party's nomination
before the national convention took place.
c. Eugene McCarthy voluntarily dropped out of the race before
the national convention took place.
d. Lyndon Johnson announced at the national convention that
he would not seek the party's nomination.
Which administration's efforts to mislead the
American people were revealed by the
publication of the Pentagon Papers?
a. Richard Nixon's
b. Lyndon Johnson's
c. John Kennedy's
d. Dwight Eisenhower's
Which of the following statements best
defines the domino theory?
a. If one country falls to communism, others in the
region will fall, too.
b. Communism will topple the global economy.
c. Communism will cause the fall of the United
States.
d. Socialist governments are a threat to freedom.
Against whom did the ARVN fight?
a. France
b. United States
c. North Vietnam
d. South Vietnam
Which statement best summarizes the opinion
of Martin Luther King, Jr., about AfricanAmerican troops in the Vietnam War?
a. He was happy and proud that these men could serve
their country.
b. He believed it was unfair that they were fighting for a
country that treated them unfairly at home.
c. He believed that the number of African Americans
fighting was proportionate to the population.
d. He believed that if African Americans displayed
courage on the battlefield, they would earn civil rights
at home.
___ helped call attention to women's needs by
writing the book The Feminine Mystique.
• Answer
– Betty Friedan
The ___ was made up mostly of white, middle-class
college youths who had grown increasingly
discontented with mainstream American society.
• Answer
– counterculture
In the 1970s, the group known as ___ was
most likely to help Latinos win political offices.
• Answer
– La Raza Unida
The slogan "Equal Pay for Equal Work" is likely
to be associated with the belief called ___.
• Answer
– feminism
Using peaceful tactics like product boycotts
and fasts, ___ helped farm workers win more
rights, higher wages, and other benefits.
• Answer
– Cesar Chavez
Early efforts of the ___ focused on bringing
about changes in the workplace, including
ending gender discrimination in hiring.
• Answer
– National Organization for Women
The group known as the ___ was most likely to
oppose the positions of the women's movement
on a variety of issues.
• Answer
– New Right
The ___ area in San Francisco is sometimes
described as "the hub of hippie life" in the
1960s.
• Answer
– Haight-Asbury
The militant group called the ___ organized
many uprisings to draw attention to the needs
of Native Americans.
• Answer
– American Indian Movement
___ was one of the most outspoken opponents
of the ERA and the women's movement.
• Answer
– Phyllis Schlafly
César Chávez used nonviolent means to
organize Mexican-American
a. voters.
b. students.
c. farm workers.
d. factory workers.
The event that was most responsible for
Chávez's group gaining negotiating power was
a. a strike.
b. a protest march.
c. an act of Congress.
d. a national boycott.
In the 1970s, La Raza Unida focused its
efforts on
a. educational reform.
b. electing Latinos to public office.
c. promoting cooperation between various Latino
groups.
d. reclaiming land taken from Mexican landholders in
the 19th century.
The Indian Education Act gave greater control
over the education of Native Americans to
a. state governments.
b. Native American tribes.
c. the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
d. the American Indian Movement.
In the 1970s, the American Indian Movement
organized all of the following except the
a. occupation of the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
b. occupation of Wounded Knee, South Dakota.
c. Trail of Broken Treatiesmarch on Washington.
d. meeting that resulted in the Declaration of Indian
Purpose.
The modern feminist movement became more
organized and focused after the
a. passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.
b. publication of The Feminine Mystique.
c. publication of the first issue of Ms. magazine.
d. founding of the National Women's Political
Caucus.
Phyllis Schlafly became well known for her
efforts to
a. get the Equal Rights Amendment ratified.
b. defeat the Equal Rights Amendment.
c. organize radical demonstrations for women's
rights.
d. reverse the Supreme Court's decision in Roe v.
Wade.
The members of the counterculture movement
were mostly
a. entertainers, artists, and musicians.
b. Latinos and Native Americans.
c. poor urban youths.
d. white, middle-class college youths.
Conservatives placed the blame for the
increasing permissiveness in society on
a. women and minorities.
b. Democrats.
c. campus rebels and the counterculture.
d. the Beatles.
Which of the following was most responsible
for the UFWOC earning higher wages and
better benefits for farm workers?
a. a strike
b. a protest march
c. a national boycott
d. an act of Congress
On which right did Native American groups
focus in the 1961 Declaration of Indian
Purpose?
a. privacy
b. self-determination
c. property ownership
d. religious freedom
What were the demonstrations organized by
the American Indian Movement designed to
do?
a. actively confront the federal government
b. passively resist the federal government
c. build an alliance with other minority groups
d. promote cooperation with the federal government
Whose book The Feminine Mystique inspired
women to question their lives?
a. Phyllis Schlafly
b. Gloria Steinem
c. Robin Morgan
d. Betty Friedan
Which group was founded specifically to address
the grievances of women that were not adequately
addressed by the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
a. National Organization for Women
b. New Right
c. New Left
d. Ohio Women's Suffrage Association
Which of the following is not considered a
force that weakened the counterculture
movement?
a. violent incidents
b. the effects of drug use
c. transcendental meditation
d. dependency on mainstream America
Which group played a key role in helping
Ronald Reagan become president in 1980?
a. New Right
b. La Raza Unida
c. National Organization for Women
d. American Indian Movement
Whom did conservatives blame for the
increasing permissiveness in American society?
a. women and minorities
b. democrats
c. the Beatles
d. campus rebels and the counterculture