Third Nine Weeks Exam Study Guide
Short Answer
1. A liquid mixture in which particles can be seen and easily separated by settling or filtration is a
___suspension______
2. How is a solute different from a solvent in a solution? The solute is present in smaller amount
3. How can a scientist safely tell whether an unknown solution is salt in water or sugar in water? By testing
electrical conductivity of the solution
4. Weak tea is an example of a dilute/concentrated solution dilute solution
5. When you add so much solute that no more dissolves, you have a saturated solution
6. If two unidentified solids of the same texture and color have different solubilities in 100 grams of water at
20°C, you could conclude that are same/different
7. What is one way to increase the solubility of sugar in water? Heat the water
8. How would a solute affect the boiling point of water? The water will boil at a higher temperature
9. When a solute is added to a solvent, the freezing point of the solution is,lower than
10. Which is a characteristic property of acids? They turn blue litmus paper red, are sour, have ph lower than 7 ,
have a higher hydrogen ion concentration
11. Acids are described as corrosive because they eat away other materials
12. Which is a likely use for a base? Making soap and detergents
13. In a water solution, how do acids differ from bases? in terms of hydrogen and hydroxide ions acids form
hydrogen ions while bases form hydroxide ion
14. In water, bases form hydrogen/hydroxide ions
15. The pH scale measures hydrogen ion concentration
16. If you have a solution of a strong acid and a solution of a weak acid of equal concentration and volume, then
the strong acid will have low/high ph
17. Neutralization is a reaction between a(n) an acid and base
18. What does a neutralization reaction produce? Salt and water
19. When a few spoonfuls of sugar are mixed into a cup of water, sugar is the solute/solvent
20. A measure of how well a solute can dissolve in a solvent at a given temperature is that substance’s solubility
21. A mixture containing particles that are too small to be seen easily but are large enough to scatter a light beam
is called a colloids
22. Acids naturally present in food are safe to eat because they usually are weak/strong
23. The only sure evidence for a chemical reaction is __the production of one or two more new substances______
in properties
24. A shorter, easier way to show chemical reactions, using symbols instead of words, is called a chemical
equation
25. The substances listed on the left side of a chemical equation are the reactants
26. Mendeleev created the first periodic table by arranging elements in order of increasing atomic mass
27. How did chemists change Mendeleev’s periodic table in the early 1900s? they used atomic number instead of
atomic mass
28. Most metals are (list propertes) shiny, ductile , malleable solids at room temperature
29. In the periodic table, the most reactive metals are found group 1
30. To make most synthetic elements, scientists use powerful machines called particle accelerators
31. Which group contains the most elements? metals
32. Which property of bromine could you NOT predict based on the fact that it is a nonmetal in the halogen
family? It is a liquid at room temperature
33. How does nuclear fusion create new elements inside stars? Small nuclei combine to make large nuclei
34. The sun is made up mostly of hydrogen
35. A material is said to be ductile if it can be pulled out or drawn into wires
36. The elements in a column of the periodic table have similar/different properties
37. The two most common alkaline earth metals are calcium and magnesium
38. What are the properties of transition metals ? they include familiar meatals such as gold, silver, copper
39. Which group of elements shares characteristics with both metals and nonmetals? metalloids
40. The elements that do not ordinarily form compounds are noble gases
41. Fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine are part of a family called halogens
Use the diagram to answer each question.
42. What happens to the solubility of potassium nitrate (KNO3) as the temperature rises? The solubility increases
43. According to the graph, which of the compounds is most soluble at 0°C? Which is least soluble at 100°C? KI
is most soluble at 00 NH3 least soluble at 1000
44. Above 70°C, what other compounds besides ammonia (NH3) have a lower solubility than that of potassium
nitrate (KNO3)? Sodium nitrate and ammonium chloride
Use the diagram to answer each question.
45. Which group of elements reacts violent with elements from Group 1? halogens
46. If a metal reacts violently with water, in which group is it likely to be found? Group 1
47. What name is given to the elements in Groups 3 through 12? How do their properties tend to compare with
the elements to the left and right of these groups? Transition metals. They are less reactive than the metals in
group 1 and 2 to their left
48. Most of the elements that form a zigzag line in the periodic table belong to one major group. What is that
group, and what kinds of properties do its elements tend to have? Metalloids. Metallods have some properties
of metals and some properties of nonmetals