KINGDOM: Animalia, DOMAIN: Eukarya
Description:
Animals are heterotrophs that are multicellular and
do not have cell walls.
Description (cont.)
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They are all multicellular
They are all eukaryotes.
They do not have cell walls!.
Most can move at some stage of their life.
Most reproduce sexually; some can reproduce asexually, too.
Require oxygen.
Where do Animals Live?
• Most habitats world wide
Common Examples:
Coral, sea star, jellyfish, insects, lobsters, cats, dogs,
whales, sharks, snakes, eagles, frogs
Mode(s) of Nutrition
• Animals are all heterotrophs, but have a variety of diets
and methods of eating.
They can be carnivores, herbivores, omnivores,
detritivores (eat/decompose dead materials),
filterfeeders, predator, prey, symbiotic relationships
(parasite/host)
All animals reproduce sexually and some can also
reproduce asexually.
• Those that reproduce asexually are usually simpler animals
in the invertebrate groups.
Classified by: Type of symmetry, type of embryo
development, presence/absence of vertebrae, mode of
nutrition, and specialized structures for respiration,
excretion, circulation and movement..
1.Vertebrates = have a backbone
- 5%
2. Invertebrates = have no
backbone
-95%
Types of Symmetry
Asymmetry
Irregular Body Shape
Often sessile
organisms
Ex. sponges
Radial Symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry
Can be divided
along any plane,
into roughly equal
halves.
Ex. Sea Star
Can be divided
into similar left
and right halves
that form mirror
images of each
other.
Trends in Evolution of Kingdom Animalia
•
1.
Complex animals have a high level of cell
specialization, internal structures, front
end/head with sensory organs and a body cavity
Cell Specialization = separate roles for each type
of cell in multicellular organisms
• 2. Animals with cephalization, have the brain and
their sense organs toward the front / anterior
aspect of the body
• Allows them to respond quicker
Embryo Development
• Most develop from a single fertilized egg called a
zygote.
• 2 Stages of development
Blastula- single layer of cells around a fluid-filled
space.
Gastrula- structure made of two cell layers
Blastula Development
Gastrula Development
Protostome vs Deuterstome
Protostome: (from the Greek:
first the mouth)
• An animal whose mouth is
formed from the
blastopore (opening in the
gastrula)
• Most invertebrates
Deuterostome: (from the
Greek: "second mouth" )
• An animal whose anus is
formed from the
blastopore, mouth formed
second
• Ex. Echinoderms and all
vertebrates
Tissue (Germ) Layers and what the become in the animal
ENDODERM = innermost germ layer
• Becomes: lining of digestive tract and much of
respiratory system
ECTODERM = outermost germ layer
• Becomes: sense organs, nerve and outer layer of
skin
MESODERM = middle germ layer
• Becomes: muscles, circulatory system, reproductive
and excretory systems
Animals Main Groups and Examples
Invertebrate Groups by Phylum
Phylum Name
Examples
Porifera
Sponges
Cnidaria
Jellyfish, Coral, Sea Anemone, Hydra
Playtheliminthes
Flatworms: Flukes, Tapeworm
Nematoda
Roundworms
Annelida
Segmented Worms: Earthworms, Leeches
Mollusca
Mollusks: Clams, Oysters, Scallops, Snails,
Slugs, Octopus, Squid, Nautilus
Arthropoda
Crustaceans (Crab Shrimp, Lobsters), Insects,
Arachnids (Spiders, ticks, mites), Millipedes,
Centipedes
Echinodermata
Sea Stars, Sea Lily, Sea Urchin, Sand Dollar, Sea
Cucumber
Invertbrates
Invertebrates (cont.)
Invertebrates (Cont.)
Animals Main Groups and Examples
Chordata Phylum and Subphyla
Chordata Phylum
Examples
Subphylum
Urochordata
Tunicates
Subphylum Cephalochordata
Lancelets
Subphylum Vertebrata
Vertebrate animals
- Class Agnatha
Jawless fish: Lampreys, Hagfish
- Class Chondricthyes
Cartilage fish: Sharks, skates, rays
- Class Osteichthyes
Bony fish: trout, goldfish, catfish, flounder, angelfish, bass, swordfish,
coelacanth, lungfish
- Class Amphibia
Amphibians: “Double Life”- Frogs, toads, salamanders, newts
- Class Reptilia
Reptiles: Snakes, Lizards, Alligators, Turtles
- Class Aves
Birds: Ostrich, Hawk, Cardinal, Duck, Chicken
- Class Mammalia
Monotremes: platypus; Marsupials: Kangaroo, Opossum;
Placentals: All other mammals (Humans, cats, horses, whales,etc.
Vertebrate Examples
Tunicates
& Lancelets
Invertebrate ancestor
Lancelets
Tunicates
Subphylum Vertebrata
How Animals Help Man
• Food – we eat animals and animal products
Ex. Beef, pork, chicken, turkey, rabbit, fish, shellfish,
crustaceans, Dairy products, eggs, honey
• Beasts of labor – donkey, oxen, water buffalo, elephants
• Make products from them – leather, medicines (leech
anticoagulants and anesthetics), decorative items (Shells,
pearls, feathers), silk
•Protection – guard dogs
How Animals Hurt Man
• Animals can be parasites of man and our livestock or
crops: tapeworm, flukes, roundworms, ticks. Mites
• Some damage our property: termites, wool moths,
barnacles on boats
• Some invade our homes: mice, squirrels, rats, all kinds of
insects and spiders
Special Roles in Ecosystems:
Most animals have a unique niche in their habitat.
-Ex: They may be in predator/prey relationships
-Ex: Pollinators of crops or flowers