Excerpt from C. Richmond’s “Industrialization” PPT – posted to her website

 Eastern and Southern
Europe
 Italians, Slavs, Greeks,
Poles and Russians
 Pull Factors


Political and religious freedom
Economic opportunities
 Push Factors
 Joblessness, religious persecution
Italian
Immigrant
Russian
Jewish
Family

 Urbanization and
Industrialization developed simultaneously
 Cities provided a labor force and a market place of goods
 City population – immigrants and exfarmers
Manhattan
Chicago




Ethnic neighborhoods
 Chinatown, Little Italy
 Maintain language, culture and religion
Skyscrapers – expansion upward
 Replaced the church spirals as dominant feature of skylines
Streetcars-exodus of higher income workers
 Effect – segregation by income

 At first residents of cities did not expect public services as a result cities did not deal with build up waste, pollution, disease, and crime
 Advocates pushed for services: water purification, sewage systems, street lighting, police departments, and waste disposal

 Abundant land at low cost
 Inexpensive transportation
 Low cost construction homes
 Ethnic and racial prejudice
 American fondness for privacy and detached individual houses



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Political parties in major cities came under control of organized groups of politicians, known as political machines
Each machine had a “boss”top politician who gave orders to the rank and file and doled out government jobs to supporters
Political Machines could be greedy as well generous – stole millions from the taxpayers
Boss Tweed portrayed as a vulture

Jane Addams
Hull House

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Concerned about the lives of the poor well education men and women opened settlement houses
They were also political activists who fought for child labor laws and housing reforms
Most famous – Hull
House opened by Jane
Addams

 Importance of applying Christian principles to social principles
 individuals could not live sin free unless the social and economic situations that had driven them into sin in the first place was removed
 Encouraged middle-class Protestants to attack urban problems

 Realist Author- Mark
Twain The Adventures of Huckleberry Finnrevealed greed, violence and racial prejudice
 James McNeill Whistler
– “Whistler’s Mother” influenced the development of modern art



Frederick Law Olmsted specialized in landscape architecture – designed
Central Park and the grounds of the U.S. capitol
Jazz – Jelly Roll Morton introduced Jazz to the
American public – combined African rhythms with western instruments

 Circus, Theaters, Wild
West Show
 Factors promoting the growth of leisure time activities



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Reduction in hours worked
Improved transportation
Advertising
Decline of Victorian values that discouraged” wasting” time on play

 Baseball, football, basketball, and boxing
 Played and attended by men
John Sullivan, heavy weight boxer, most famous athlete of the era – drew large crowds from all social classes to cheer and wager