Reminders
Please keep cell phones away
Make sure you are in your seat when
the bell rings
Do Now

What is consciousness?
Consciousness & The
Sleep Cycle
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
Sleep consists of
five different
stages (levels)
Involves varied
levels of
awareness,
consciousness, &
responsiveness
So, What is
Consciousness?
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
Consciousness is a continuum: from acute
awareness to total unawareness (unresponsive)
Consciousness refers to different levels of
awareness of one’s thoughts & emotions
Includes concocting images in the mind, following
thought processes, or unique emotional experiences
The Continuum of
Consciousness (7 States)
1.
2.
Controlled Processes:
activities requiring full awareness,
concentration, & alertness to
reach a goal; focused attn. usually
interferes w/executing other
ongoing activities (eg. driving &
using cellphone)
Automatic Processes:
activities requiring low attn. &
awareness; don’t interfere
w/ongoing activities (eg. eating &
reading)
Continuum of Consciousness ~
Daydreaming & Altered States
3. Daydreaming:
Activity requiring low level
awareness, often occuring
during automatic processes;
involves fantasizing or
dreaming while awake.
4. Altered States:
Result of using anything from
hypnosis to meditation,
psychoactive drugs, or sleep
deprivation; produces
awareness which differs from
normal consciousness.
Continuum of Consciousness,
Continued ~ Sleep/Dreams and
Unconsciousness
5. Sleep & Dreams: Altered state
of consciousness, involving 5
stages. Deepest state borders on
unconsciousness
7. Unconsciousness: total lack
of sensory awareness & complete
loss of responsiveness to
environment; result of disease,
trauma, blow to head, or general
medical anesthesia
Continuum of Consciousness,
Continued ~
Implicit Memory
6. Unconscious/Implicit Memory (Freud):
memories stored in the “unconscious” which we don’t
want to recall (eg. abuse) ~ Psychoanalytic Theory
 Reflective Inquiry: Discuss this continuum of
consciousness “stage” or theory with a peer ~ does it
“make sense”? Why/why not? Would you be able to
share an example about memories stored in the
unconscious? Whole class Q & A/Share.
The Five Stages of Sleep
Two Main Types ~
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
REM: Rapid Eye
Movement; Active
Sleep (Stage 5);
20% of sleep time
NREM: Non-Rapid
Eye Movement;
Quiet Sleep
(Stages 1 - 4); 80% of
total sleep
The Sleep Cycle ~
Continued

Stage 1: Begins sleep
cycle, and is relatively
light. Transitions
between wakefulness &
sleep. The Brain
produces high
amplitude theta waves
(slow). This is the first 5
– 10 minutes of sleep
where the sleeper will
usually report not being
asleep if awoken.
The Sleep Cycle ~ Continued
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Stage 2: Approximately 20 minutes into sleep; the
brain begins producing rapid, rhythmic bursts of brain
waves (sleep spindles). Generally,  in body
temperature;  in rate.
Stage 3: Deep, slow brain waves (delta waves)
emerge; transitions between light & very deep sleep;
approximately 30 minutes into sleep.
The Sleep Cycle ~ Continued
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Stage 4: Referred to as delta sleep
(delta waves occur); deep sleep lasts 30
minutes. Bed-wetting & sleepwalking
can occur at the end of Stage 4 Sleep.
Stage 5: Deepest stage; most dreams
occur here. REM sleep; increased
respiration rate & brain activity.
Referred to as “Paradoxical sleep”:
muscles relax; voluntary muscles are
paralyzed. Approx. 90 minutes into
sleeping. *Suppressed REM sleep =
REM rebound (need for increased %
of REM sleep). REM sleep helps
strengthen our overall memory ability.
The Five Stages of Sleep
Typically, we backtrack through Stages 3 & 2,
before we reach REM (Stage 5), rather than
straight through Stages 1 – 5. . . but, what about
complications with a sleep cycle?
Circadian
Rhythm
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Definition: biological clock, genetically programmed to
regulate physiological responses within a 24-hr. time period
Regulates inner sleep-wake cycle
Jet-lag, accidents, clock resetting, & melatonin (hormone
secreted by pineal gland increases w/darkness; decreases
w/light) can upset our circadian rhythm.
Reflective Inquiry:
Exit Ticket
Turn & talk with a peer, discussing:
a.) Do you typically awaken after a few hours of sleep?
How often?
b.) Do you typically have difficulty falling asleep?
When/how often?
c.) Do you typically nap throughout the day? For how
long/when?
 Wrap up your discussion after you have both shared
(4 -6 minutes*)
 Write your responses to these questions with your
name on it and hand in prior to leaving class today

Take the Sleep Quiz
1.
A warm room or boring class can cause
drowsiness.
True or False?
False
A warm room or boring class does not
cause drowsiness. These factors
simply unmask the physiological
sleepiness or sleep debt that is already
in your body. If you are well rested, a
warm room or boring meeting will
make you fidgety and restless, but not
sleepy.
2. The average adolescent needs 8
hours of sleep every night to be fully
alert.
True or False?
False
The average adolescent needs 9.25 hours of sleep
every night to remain alert throughout the day.
This may seem like an unrealistic amount of
time to spend sleeping, given all the demands
on your time. However, if you meet your 9.25
requirement you will become so much more
efficient and effective that you will get
everything done you are trying to do now, and
you may even have time left over. And, you’ll be
in a better mood.
3.
9.25 hours of sleep per night on an
erratic sleep/wake schedule (i.e.
varying your bedtime and waking
time) is more restful than 8 hours of
sleep on a regular sleep/wake
schedule.
True or False?
False
It is more important to get a good eight hours on
a regular sleep-wake schedule (including
weekends) than to get 9.25 hours on a yo-yo
schedule. You have one biological clock in your
brain, not one for the school week and one for
the weekend. You must train your clock so that
the sleepy phase of your biological rhythm
coincides with the hours you spend in bed and
vice versa. Once you establish a regular
rhythm, you will spend your wakeful hours fully
alert, and sleep well at night.
4.
Your brain shuts off when you sleep.
True or False?
False
At times during the night your brain is even
more active than it is during the day. Sleep
is vital for regulating immune, hormone and
cardiovascular functions. Also, during sleep
(as well as when awake) ideas are
organized and reorganized and connections
are made that turn short-term into longterm memories. Sleep deprivation makes
you stupid; you can’t concentrate,
remember or be fully productive. It takes
9.25 hours of quality sleep for you to
become a peak performed and utilize your
5.
A “good sleeper” falls asleep as soon
as their head hits the pillow.
True or False?
False
A well-rested person takes 15 to 20 minutes
to fall asleep. If you fall asleep instantly,
that’s a sign of severe sleep deprivation.
6.
Students who sleep longer get better
grades.
True or False?
True
Studies have shown that students with
good grades are also getting more sleep.
An ample amount of quality sleep
restores, rejuvenates and enhances body
and brain functioning critical to academic,
athletic and social performance.
7.
You cannot make up for lost sleep.
True or False?
False
Sleep loss doesn’t dissipate into thin air, it accumulates.
Every hour you are awake builds your sleep debt and
you need to repay the debt. Every night we need a
minimum of eight hours to repay being up for 16
hours. One long night of sleep, however, will not
make up for years of sleep deprivation; it will take at
least four weeks to restore your alertness. Go to bed
15 minutes earlier than usual tonight and keep doing
it for a week. If you are not fully alert by the end of
the week, add another 15 minutes. Most student swill
have to be sleeping at least nine hours to achieve
maximum alertness.
8.
A good nap should last at least one
hour.
True or False?
False
A brief nap can be very helpful if you are
carrying a large sleep debt. Naps should be
limited, however, to 20-30 minutes. Any
longer and you might go into deep sleep,
which will cause you to be groggy upon
awakening. Also, long naps will make it
harder for you to get to sleep at night. If
you are really sleep-deprived and need a
longer nap, extend the time to 90 minutes
so that you complete an entire sleep cycle.
Reminders
Please keep cell phones away
Make sure you are in your seat when
the bell rings
Do Now

Why do we dream?