Human Capital Development in a Dynamic
Environment:
Putting it All Together
Michael Wilcox & Bo Beaulieu
Purdue University Extension
Community Development Program
November 12, 2014
Presentation Outline –
Human Capital Development in a
Dynamic Environment
1
Defining Community &
Community Development
4
Needs Assessment: The
Fundamentals
2
The Community Capitals
Framework
5
Connecting Data to HHS
Programs: Human Capital
3
Environmental Scan
6
Valuable Data Resources
1. Defining Community
1
It’s the interaction of people
or groups of individuals who
live within some geographic
area that provides for most
of their daily needs.
2
3
These individuals/groups share Further, they work together
certain values and ties with one to address local problems,
concerns, and opportunities.
another (be they socially or
psychologically).
Defining Community Development
Community
Process
Developing and strengthening the
work and act collectively (capacity-
Outcome
Taking actions that are intended to
community a better place to live and
Development
involves both
“process” and
“outcome.”
2. Discovering Local Assets:
The Community Capitals Framework
Community Capitals: Key Features
1
The lifeblood of any community can be
linked to the presence and strength of seven
community capitals.
2
Strong and resilient communities strive for
balanced investments in the seven capitals.
3
Communities that place too much emphasis
on one or two types of capital can end up
suppressing the growth of other community
capitals.
Natural Capital
• The quality and quantity of natural
and environmental resources existing
in a community.
Built Capital
• The infrastructure of the community – the basic set
of facilities, services and physical structures
needed by a community.
• Includes design and land use factors, such as how
neighborhoods, communities, and cities are laid
out.
Financial Capital
• The variety of financial resources available
to invest in local projects or economic
development initiatives.
• Entities that serve as potential sources of
funds for housing, community facilities,
small business loans, and other community
services.
Human Capital
• Attributes of individuals that provide them with the
ability to earn a living (due to their education,
work-related skills and health status).
• Efforts to build and expand the leadership skills of
community members.
Cultural Capital
• The values, norms, beliefs and traditions that
people inherit from the family, school and
community.
• Also includes material goods produced at a
specific time and place having historical or cultural
significance.
Social Capital
• The “glue” that holds a community together and
whose presence can brings benefits to the entire
community.
• Consist of “bonding” and “bridging” activities. Also
includes “linkages” to external entities.
• Different combinations of bonding, bridging, and
linking social capital can produce positive results for
the community.
Political Capital
• Ability to shape the distribution of public and
private resources within the community.
• Capacity to gain access to the local movers and
shakers.
• Efforts to launch a “new leader” pipeline and
expand civic participation.
3. ENVIRONMENTAL SCAN – THE BASICS
 “Environmental scanning is the acquisition and use of information about
events, trends, and relationships in an organization's external
environment, the knowledge of which would assist management in
planning the organization's future course of action.”
-Choo (2001)
Political
Economic
Social
Technological
Legal
Environmental
Choo, Information Research, Vol. 7 No. 1, October 2001
4. NEEDS ASSESSMENT:
THE FUNDAMENTALS
What is a need?
Present Situation
“What is?”
A
Need
Desired Situation
“What should be?”
The Gap Between
the Present & Desired Situation
What’s a Needs Assessment?
 A formal tool that involves the
identification of gaps
 Placing these gaps in priority
order
 Determining which needs
warrant the attention and
resources of Extension
The Needs Assessment Process
The purpose
Whose needs you want to identify
Procedures you plan to use
Identify the needs
Develop needs statements (outcomes)
Prioritize needs
18
Gathering Information on Needs:
Key Approaches
Key
Informants
Forum or
Roundtable
Surveys
Primary
Secondary
Meeting
Minutes
Data
Products
Reports
Where things get tough!
Figuring out the “What should be?”
• Data can help profile the current
situation
• Adding other approaches can help
fine tune the “present situation” as
well as opportunities
• Ultimately, the “what should be”
depends on local values, norms &
aspirations
Examples . . .
Variable
Daviess
Peer
(Clinton)
Aspirational
(Boone)
Births to unmarried
parents
29.2%
41.8%
21.2%
Adult Obesity Rate
31%
29%
28%
24.2%
21.0%
8.3%
$44,689
$47,748
$69,919
Child Poverty
Median Income
Deciding on Needs to Address:
Some Filters to Consider
Number
Impacted
Responsibility
Resources
needed
Importance
Impact on
other Needs
5. CONNECTING DATA TO HHS PROGRAMS
Health and Human
Sciences Extension
Human Capital – A Second Look
• Extrinsic and intrinsic factors that determine who
“you” are…
• …investments that people make in their education,
on-the-job training, or health…
• …talent and experiences
ON THE SHOULDERS OF GIANTS…
Theodore Schultz
Analysis of the role of investment in
human capital for economic
development, particularly in
agriculture.
Gary Becker
Extended the domain of economic
theory to aspects of human behavior
which had previously been dealt with
by other social science disciplines.
James Heckman
Developed methods for handling
selective samples in a statistically
satisfactory way. Used specifically to
evaluate the effect of public labor
market programs and educational
programs.
Based on Nobel Prize Winner Fact Sheets found at: http://www.nobelprize.org
Population Index
Data:
Population over time expressed as a ratio of
population : reference population
(Index = Pop1990/Pop1970)
US Metro
Measure:
IN Metro
US Nonmetro
Total population for each year divided by
population in reference time period.
Source:
IN Nonmetro
http://www.bea.gov/iTable/index_regiona
l.cfm
Report As:
Graph
Total Population
2000
2010
2020
6,080,485
6,483,802
6,852,121
* 2020 projection: http://www.stats.indiana.edu/pop_proj/
Designed by Stefan Parnarov from the Noun Project
Components of Population Change
Data:
Components of Population Change, 2000-2013
Total population change due to natural
increase (net of births to deaths), net
international migration and net domestic
migration.
TOTAL Change
451,573
Natural Increase
413,653
Net number of people moving to/from
state/county by source.
International
123,980
Domestic
-58,160
Source:
http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/table
services/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?src
=bkmk
Measure:
Report As:
Table
Big Data from the Noun Project
Population Pyramid
Indiana - 2000
Data:
Population pyramids delineate total
population by age class and sex
Measure:
Percent of the total population that is in a
certain age class by sex.
Source:
http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/
jsf/pages/searchresults.xhtml?refresh=t
Report As:
Indiana - 2013
Table or Pyramid
Teams designed by Wilson Joseph from the Noun Project
Race and Origin
Population Estimates by
Daviess
Race and Hispanic Origin
Indiana
County, IN
in 2013
American Ind. or Alaskan
0.4%
0.4%
Native
United
States
1.2%
Asian
0.7%
1.9%
5.3%
Black
0.8%
9.5%
13.2%
Native Hawaiian and Other
Pac. Isl.
0.2%
0.1%
0.2%
White
97.1%
86.3%
77.7%
Two or More Race Groups
0.9%
1.8%
2.4%
Hispanic or Latino (can be of any race)
Not Hispanic or Latino 95.4%
Hispanic or Latino
4.6%
Data:
Population Estimates by Race and Hispanic
Origin are based on self-identification and
not an attempt to define race biologically,
anthropologically, or genetically.
Measure:
Number or percent of the total population
identifying their race (one or more) and
origin.
Source:
http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/
18000.html
Report As:
93.6%
82.9%
6.4%
17.1%
Table, Pie Chart or Bar Chart
People designed by Claire Jones from the Noun Project
Educational Attainment
Item
Dubois
IN
US
Data:
Less Than 9th Grade
6%
4%
6%
Educational attainment represents the
highest level of education attained by each
member of the population at or above the
age of 25 years old.
9th to 12th No Diploma
8%
9%
8%
Measure:
High School Grad (inc. equiv.)
42%
35%
28%
Some College, No Degree
16%
21%
21%
Number of or percent of the total
population above the age of 25 attaining
an education from less than 9th grade to
graduate degree
Associate Degree
9%
8%
8%
Bachelor's Degree
12%
15%
18%
Source:
http://www.stats.indiana.edu/topic/educ
ation.asp
Graduate, Prof. or
Doctorate Degree
7%
8%
11%
Report As:
High School Grad or
Higher
86%
87%
86%
Total Pop. 25 and Older 28,410
4,229,138 204,336,017
Table or Pie Chart
Poverty
2011-13
Total
6,342,695
% of Total
15.9%
1,560,410
22.7%
849,999
7.4%
White
5,360,932
13.1%
Black
568,666
33.5%
Asian
106,330
20.4%
401,798
30.9%
Married-couple family
3,893,823
6.7%
Female householder, no husband
1,021,100
37.5%
510,982
27.4%
1,467,463
12.2%
999,420
4.1%
Report As:
849,320
22.2%
Table
5,490,194
14.9%
Worked full-time, year-round
1,984,604
2.9%
Worked less than full-time, year-round
1,157,605
21.8%
966,557
32.2%
POPULATION
AGE
Under 18 years
65 years and over
RACE
ORIGIN
Hispanic or Latino
LIVING ARRANGEMENT
EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT
Less than high school graduate
High school graduate
Bachelor's degree or higher
DISABILITY STATUS
With any disability
No disability
Data:
Selected Characteristics of people at the
poverty level in the past 12 months from
the 2011-2013 American Community
Survey 3-Year Estimates.
Measure:
Percent of population category that is at
the poverty level.
Source:
http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/tableservices/jsf/pages/productview.xhtml?pid
=ACS_13_3YR_S1703&prodType=table
WORK STATUS (16-64 YRS OLD)
Did not work
Designed by Stefan Parnarov from the Noun Project
Health Outcomes
Data:
Health outcomes is an equally weighted
aggregate measure comprised of Length of
Life and Quality of Life variables.
Measure:
Ranking of Indiana counties based on
Health Outcomes index.
Source:
http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/app
/indiana/2014/overview
Report As:
Map or Table
Public Domain from the Noun Project
Extension Audiences Reached
6. VALUABLE DATA SOURCES
KEY FEDERAL DATA RESOURCES
• U.S. Census Bureau
• Main Portal
http://www.census.gov/
• Census Bureau A-Z Subjects
http://www.census.gov/main/www/a2z
• Census of Agriculture
http://www.nass.usda.gov/Census_of_Agriculture/index.asp
• American Community Survey
http://www.census.gov/acs/www/
ANOTHER VALUABLE DATA RESOURCE
• StatsAmerica
http://www.statsamerica.org/
THANK YOU !
Michael Wilcox & Bo Beaulieu