WCDMA Air Interface Training
Part 4
WCDMA Physical Layer
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 1 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA
(ETSI/ARIB/3GPP)
•
WCDMA
 Overview
3GPP Standards Organization, 3GPP Document Structure
WCDMA Frequency Allocations
WCDMA Performance Overview
 Physical Implementation
WCDMA Network Overview
Downlink Implementation
Uplink Implementation
 Physical Layer Procedures
Slot, Frame, and Superframe Synchronization
Random Access Procedures
Packet Channel Access
Establishment of a Dedicated Channel
Soft Handover
Hard Handover / Compressed Mode Operation
 TDD Implementation
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 2 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA
(ETSI/ARIB/3GPP)
• Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP)
3GPP Project Coordination Group
(ETSI, ARIB, T1)
TSG-RAN
TSG-CN
TSG-T
TSG-SS
WG 1
Layer 1
WG 1
MM/CC/SM
WG 1
MS Testing
WG 1
Services
WG 2
Layers 2,3
WG 2
CAMEL/MAP
WG 2
MS Services
WG 2
Architecture
WG 3
Iub, Iur, Iu
UTRAN, O&M
WG 3
Interworking
WG 3
USIM
WG 4
Codec
WG 4
BS Testing
Protocol
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
WG 3
Security
WG 5
Telecom
Part 4: 3 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA
(ETSI/ARIB/3GPP)
•
Specifications referenced in this presentation
WCDMA UTRAN Network
3GPP TS 25.401-v330: UTRAN Overall Description
3GPP TS 25.832-v300: Manifestations of Handover and SRNS Relocation
3GPP TS 26.071-v301: AMR Speech Codec; General Description
WCDMA Radio Transmission and Resource Management
3GPP
3GPP
3GPP
3GPP
TS
TS
TS
TS
25.101-v331:
25.104-v330:
25.103-v200:
25.133-v310:
This presentation is
current as of TS-25 V3.3.0
(3GPP June 2000 Release)
UE Radio Transmission and Reception (FDD)
BS Radio Transmission and Reception (FDD)
RF Parameters in Support of Radio Resource Management
Requirements for Support of Radio Resource Management
WCDMA Physical Layer Specifications (FDD and TDD)
3GPP TS 25.201-v310: Physical Layer General Description
3GPP TS 25.301-v350: Radio Interface Protocol Architecture
3GPP TS 25.302-v350: Services Provided by the Physical Layer
WCDMA FDD, TDD Mode Standards:
3GPP
3GPP
3GPP
3GPP
3GPP
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
25.211-v330:
25.212-v330:
25.213-v330:
25.214-v330:
25.215-v330:
Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels (FDD)
Multiplexing and channel coding (FDD)
Spreading and modulation (FDD)
Physical layer procedures (FDD)
Physical layer - Measurements (FDD)
3GPP
3GPP
3GPP
3GPP
3GPP
TS
TS
TS
TS
TS
25.221-v330:
25.222-v331:
25.223-v330:
25.224-v330:
25.225-v330:
Physical channels and mapping of transport channels onto physical channels (TDD)
Multiplexing and channel coding (TDD)
Spreading and modulation (TDD)
Physical layer procedures (TDD)
Physical layer - Measurements (TDD)
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 4 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA
(ETSI/ARIB/3GPP)
•
3GPP WCDMA Overview
 Both FDD (2x 5 MHz) and TDD (1x 5 MHz)modes supported
Operation specified in bands between 1850 and 2170 MHz
 BS time synchronization not required for FDD mode
GPS not required
Fast Synchronization Codes allow asynchronous operation and handover
Synchronous operation is allowed; allows faster acquisition, interference reduction
 Multi-Code and Variable Spreading Factor modes supported
 Network interface compatible with GSM - MAP / GPRS
* To be made compatible with ANSI-41 per OHG requirement
 Physical Parameters:
Chip rate = 3.840 Mcps
RF Bandwidth = 5 MHz
Physical Layer data rates of 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 960, and 1920 kb/sec
Payload data rates of 12.2, 64, 144, 384, 768, and 2048 kb/sec
Frame length = 10 mSec
Fast Power Control: Bi-directional; 1500 updates/sec
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 5 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Frequency Allocations
WCDMA /
EUROPE
WCDMA /
USA
TDD
FDD UPLINK
1900
FDD UPLINK
1850
TDD
1910
1980
IMT-2000
1885 1895
CDMA
China
1865
FDD
WLL
1880
TDD
WLL
A D B E F C
1850
1910
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
IMT-2000
1918.1
1900
2010
CDMA
2025
2110
2025
FDD
WLL
MSS
2160
2110
MSS
1980
1920 1945 1960
2025
2170
2110
2200
MSS
2170
2200
MSS
2010
2025
2110
Broadcast
Auxiliary
MSS
1990
2200
MSS
MSS
1980
MSS
2170
Terrestrial
2010
A D B E F C
1930
IMT-2000
IMT-2000
2010
1980
PHS
Japan
MSS
MSS
1900
1880
2170
3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 5.2, 25.102 ¶ 5.2.2
MSS
1885
DECT
2110
1990
IMT-2000
Europe
FDD DOWNLINK
2025
FDD DOWNLINK
1930
ITU/
WARC-95
USA
TDD
2010
1980
1920
2025
Part 4: 6 of 65
2170
2200
Reserved
2110
MSS
2150
2185
2200
WCDMA Air Interface
GSM/GPRS Network Architecture
To other
BTS’s
To
other
BSC’s
Um
To
other
MSC’s
AC
Base Station
Subsystem
(BSS)
Abis
EIR
A
E
H
F
F
Um
Base
Transceiver
Station
External Networks
Abis
(BTS)
Base
Station
Controller
(BSC)
Mobile
Switching
Center
(MSC)
A
Gateway
E
MSC
PSTN
ISDN
Internet
B
Um
Abis
A
...
C
C
VLR
HLR
B
VLR
D
D
G
To other
BTS’s
GPRS Network
Components
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
To
other
BSC’s
Packet
Control
Unit
(PCU)
Serving GPRS
Service Node
(SGSN)
Gateway GPRS
Service Node
(GGSN)
External Data
Network
IP / X.25
Part 4: 7 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA/UMTS Network Architecture
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 8 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
UMTS and the UTRAN
GPRS
Service Node
MSC
Iu
Iu
RNS
UTRAN
(UMTS
Terrestrial
Radio Access
Network)
3GPP TS 25.401 ¶ 6.0
GSM/GPRS Core Network (CN)
PSTN
ISDN
Internet
Iur
RNC
Iub
Node B
Iu
Iu
RNS
RNC
Iub
Iub
Node B
Node B
Iub
Node B
Uu
User Equipment
(UE)
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 9 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
UMTS and the UTRAN
3GPP TS 25.401 ¶ 3.0
•
UTRAN Definitions
 RNS (Radio Network Subsystem)
A full or partial network offering access between UE and Core Network
Contains one RNC
 RNC (Radio Network Controller)
Element of the RNS that controls physical radio resources
 Node B
Logical Node controlling transmission and reception from one or more cells
 Uu Interface
Interface between UE and Node B
 Iu Interface
Interface between CN and RNS
 Iur Interface
Interface between one RNS and another RNS
 Iub Interface
Interface between RNC and Node B
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 10 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
UMTS and the UTRAN
3GPP TS 25.401 ¶ 7.1
•
UTRAN Operational Functions (partial)
 Functions related to overall system access control
Admission Control, Congestion Control
System information broadcasting
Radio channel ciphering and deciphering
 Functions related to mobility
Handover
SRNS Relocation
 Functions related to radio resource management and control
Initial (random) access detection and handling
Radio resource configuration and operation
combining/splitting control
Radio bearer connection set-up and release (Radio Bearer Control)
Allocation and deallocation of Radio Bearers
Radio protocols function
RF power control
Radio channel coding
Radio channel decoding
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 11 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
UTRAN Model
3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.0
•
UTRAN OSI Model
Layer 3
Radio Resource Control (RRC)
Logical channels
Layer 2
Medium Access Control (MAC)
- grouped by information content
- User Data
- Control and signaling
Transport channels
Layer 1
- grouped by method of transport
Physical layer
Physical channels
Direct RRC control
of the physical layer
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Physical Channels Distinguished by:
- RF Frequency
- Channelization Code
- Spreading Code
- Modulation (I/Q) Phase (uplink)
- Timeslot (TDD mode)
Air Interface
Part 4: 12 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Physical Layer Requirements
3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.1.2 , 25.301¶ 5.2.2
•
Services provided by Physical Layer


Data and RF Processing Functions

FEC encoding/decoding of transport channels

Error detection on transport channels and indication to higher layers

Rate matching of coded transport channels to physical channels

Power weighting and combining of physical channels

Closed-loop power control

Modulation/demodulation and spreading/de-spreading of physical channels

Multiplexing/de-multiplexing of coded composite transport channels

Mapping of transport channels on physical channels

Macrodiversity distribution/combining
Operational Functions

Cell search functions

Synchronization (chip, bit, slot, and frame synchronization)

Soft Handover support

Radio characteristics measurements including FER, SIR, Interference Power, etc., and indication
to higher layers

Uplink timing advance (TDD mode)
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 13 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Physical Channels
Channels broadcast to all UE in the cell
P-CCPCH- Primary Common Control Physical Channel
SCH - Sync Channel
P-CPICH - Primary Common Pilot Channel
S-CPICH - Secondary Common Pilot Channel(s)
Paging Channels
S-CCPCH - Secondary Common Control Physical Channel
PICH - Page Indication Channel
Random Access and Packet Access Channels
Base
Station
PRACH - Physical Random Access Channel
(BS)
PCPCH - Common Physical Packet Channel
AICH - Acquisition Indication Channel
AP-AICH - Acquisition Preamble Indication Channel
User
Equipment
(UE)
CD/CA-AICH - Collision Detection Indication Channel
CSICH - CPCH Status Indication Channel
Dedicated Connection Channels
DPDCH - Dedicated Physical Data Channel
DPCCH - Dedicated Physical Control Channel
F-PDSCH - Physical Downlink Shared Channel
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 14 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Downlink Physical Channels
•
•
Common Downlink Physical Channels
3GPP TS 25.211
P-CCPCH
Common Control Physical Channel (Primary)
- Broadcasts cell site information
- Broadcasts cell SFN; Timing reference for all DL channels
SCH
Synchronization Channel
- Fast Synch. codes 1 and 2; time-multiplexed with P-CCPCH
S-CCPCH
Common Control Physical Channel (Secondary)
- Transmits idle-mode signaling and control information to UE’s
P-CIPCH
Common Pilot Channel
S-CIPCH
Secondary Common Pilot Channel (for sectored cells)
PDSCH
Physical Downlink Shared Channel
- Transmits high-speed data to multiple users
Dedicated Downlink Physical Channels
DPDCH
Dedicated Downlink Physical Data Channel
DPCCH
Dedicated Downlink Physical Control Channel
- Transmits connection-mode signaling and control to UE’s
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 15 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Downlink Physical Channels
3GPP TS 25.211
•
Downlink Indication Channels
 AICH (Acquisition Indication Channel)
Acknowledges that BS has acquired a UE Random Access attempt
(Echoes the UE’s Random Access signature)
 PICH (Page Indication Channel)
Informs a UE to monitor the next paging frame
 AP-AICH (Access Preamble Indication Channel
Acknowledges that BS has acquired a UE Packet Access attempt
(Echoes the UE’s Packet Access signature)
 CD/CA-ICH
Confirms that there is no ambiguity between UE in a Packet Access attempt
(Echoes the UE’s Packet Access Collision Detection signature)
Optionally provides available Packet channel assignments
 CSICH
Broadcasts status information regarding packet channel availability
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 16 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Uplink Physical Channels
•
3GPP TS 25.211
Uplink Physical Channels
 Common Uplink Physical Channels
PRACH
Physical Random Access Channel
- Used by UE to initiate access to BS
PCPCH
Physical Common Packet Channel
- Used by UE to send connectionless packet data
 Dedicated Uplink Physical Channels
DPDCH
Dedicated Uplink Physical Data Channel
DPCCH
Dedicated Uplink Physical Control Channel
- Transmits connection-mode signaling and control to BS
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 17 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Code Types
•
Channelization Codes (Orthogonal Codes)
Used to orthogonally code different data channels from BS, UE
•
•
•
Scrambling Codes (Spread Spectrum Codes)
BS Scrambling Codes:
Used by UE to distinguish the desired BS
UE Scrambling Codes:
Used by BS to distinguish the desired UE
Synchronization Codes
Primary Sync. Code:
Fixed 256-bit code
Helps UE identify the presence of a WCDMA BS
Helps UE achieve Slot Synchronization
Secondary Sync. Codes:
Group of 256-bit codes
Helps UE achieve Frame Synchronization
Pilot Codes
A full-time common Pilot (CPICH) provides coherent reference for UE receiver
Pilot data bits are embedded into each timeslot of the Dedicated Data Channel
•
Random Access Preamble Codes
Preamble Signatures; Used by BS to distinguish between UE making access attempts
Preamble Scrambling Codes; Used to identify which BS is being accessed
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 18 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Downlink Physical Layer
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 19 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Downlink (FDD)
Logical Channels
(Layers 3+)
Transport Channels
(Layer 2)
Physical Channels
(Layer 1)
Null Data
CPICH
Common Pilot Channel
S/P
Cch 256,0
BCCH
Broadcast Control Ch.
BCH
Broadcast Ch.
Data
Encoding
PCCH
Paging Control Ch.
PCH
Paging Ch.
Data
Encoding
P-CCPCH(*)
Primary Common Control Physical Ch.
PSC
S/P
Cch 256,1
CCCH
Common Control Ch.
CTCH
Common Traffic Ch.

Cch
SCH (Sync Channel)
GS
Gain
DPCH (Dedicated Physical Channel)
CCTrCH One per UE
DCH
Dedicated Ch.
Data
Encoding
DTCH
Dedicated Traffic Ch. 1
DCH
Dedicated Ch.
Data
Encoding
DCH
Dedicated Ch.
Cell-specific
Scrambling
Code
M
U
X
DPDCH (one or more per UE)
Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
M
U
X

S/P
Cch
Gain
Data
Encoding
Pilot, TPC, TFCI bits
SHCCH
DSCH Control Ch.
GP
S/P
Data
Encoding
DCCH
Dedicated Control Ch.
DTCH
Dedicated Traffic Ch. N
Gain
SSCi
S-CCPCH
Secondary Common Control Physical Ch.
FACH
Forward Access Ch.
Sync Codes(*)
Gain
DSCH
Downlink Shared Ch.
Data
Encoding
Q
PDSCH
Physical Downlink Shared Channel
S/P
S/P
PICH
(Paging Indication Channel )
S/P
AP-AICH
(Access Preamble Indication Channel )
S/P
CPCH Status Indication bits
CSICH
(CPCH Status Indication Channel )
S/P
CPCH Status Indication bits
CD/CA-ICH
S/P
(Collision Detection/Channel Assignment )
Paging Indication bits
Access Preamble Indication bits
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
I

Filter
Filter
I/Q
Modulator
DPCCH (one per UE)
Dedicated Physical Control Ch.
AICH
(Acquisition Indication Channel)
Access Indication data
I+jQ
Downlink
RF Out
Part 4: 20 of 65
* Note regarding P-CCPCH and SCH
Cch
Gain
Cch
Gain
Cch
Gain
Cch
Gain
Cch
Gain
Cch
Gain
Sync Codes are transmitted only in bits 0-255 of each timeslot;
P-CCPCH transmits only during the remaining bits of each timeslot
WCDMA Air Interface
Downlink Logical Channels
•
Common Downlink Logical Channels
3GPP TS 25.301¶ 5.3.1.1
BCCH (Broadcast Control Channel)
– Broadcasts cell site and system identification to all UE
PCCH (Paging Control Channel)
– Transmits paging information to a UE when the UE’s location is unknown
CCCH (Common Control Channel)
– Transmits control information to a UE when there is no RRC Connection
SHCCH (Shared Channel Control Channel)
– Control channel associated with shared traffic channels (TDD mode only)
CTCH (Common Traffic Channel)
– Traffic channel for sending traffic to a group of UE’s.
•
Dedicated Downlink Logical Channels
DCCH (Dedicated Control Channel)
– Transmits control information to a UE when there is a RRC Connection
DTCH (Dedicated Traffic Channel)
– Traffic channel dedicated to one UE
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 21 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Downlink Transport Channels
3GPP TS 25.301¶ 5.2.1.1
•
Common Downlink Transport Channels
BCH (Broadcast Channel)
– Continuous transmission of system and cell information
PCH (Paging Channel)
– Carries control information to UE when location is unknown
– Pending activity indicated by the PICH (paging indication channel)
FACH (Forward Access Channel)
– Used for transmission of idle-mode control information to a UE
– No closed-loop power control
DSCH (Downlink Shared Channel)
– Carries dedicated control and/or traffic data; shared by several UE’s
•
Dedicated Downlink Transport Channels
DCH (Dedicated Channel)
– Carries dedicated traffic and control data to one UE
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 22 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
OVSF Codes
3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.3
•
Downlink OVSF Channelization Codes
C4,0
1
C2,0
1
1
1
1
C4,1
1
C1,0
1 -1 -1
1
C4,2
1
C2,1
-1
1 -1
C4,3
1 -1
1
SF = 1
1
SF = 2
-1
-1
1
SF = 4
Designation: cch, SF , code number
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 23 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Code Layering
•
3GPP TS 25.201 ¶ 4.2.1, 4.2.3
WCDMA Code Layering
FDD
DOWNLINK
FDD
UPLINK
TDD
DOWNLINK
TDD
UPLINK
OVSF
4 ~ 512 chips
OVSF
4 ~ 256 chips
OVSF
{ 1 or 16 chips )
OVSF
{ 1 , 2, 4, 8, or 16
chips )
960 ksps ~ 7.5 ksps
960 ksps ~ 15 ksps
3.84 Msps, 240 ksps
3.84 Msps ~
240 ksps
Complex (I,jQ) Code
38,400 chips of a
218 Gold Sequence
Complex (I,jQ) Code
38,400 chips of a
225 Gold Sequence
or
256-chip S(2) code
OVSF Data
Channelization
Codes
OVSF Modulation
Symbol
Rate
Scrambling
Codes
(Distinguishes
BTS or UE)
* multiplied by
HPSK rotator codes
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 24 of 65
Code length same as OVSF length
( 1 , 2, 4, 8, or 16 chips )
127 scrambling codes specified in
TS25.223 V 3.0.0 Annex A
Each cell has a specific scrambling code
from the group of 127 codes
WCDMA Air Interface
Common Pilot Channel
3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3
•
Downlink CPICH (Common Pilot Channel)
1 timeslot = 2560 Chips = 10 symbols = 20 bits = 666.667 uSec
Pilot Symbol Data (10 symbols per slot)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
If transmit diversity is used, then the pilot symbols are as shown for each antenna:
Antenna 1
Symbols
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
Antenna 2
Symbols
A
A
-A -A
A
A
-A
A
-A -A
A
A
-A -A
A
A
-A -A
A
A
-A -A
A
A
-A
Slot 14
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Slot 0
Part 4: 25 of 65
Slot 1
WCDMA Air Interface
Sync Channel /
Primary Common Control Channel
•
3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.2
Downlink SCH / P-CCPCH
BCH Spreading Factor = 256
1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 18 BCH data bits / slot
SCH
BCH
256 Chips
2304 Chips
PSC
Broadcast Data (18 bits)
SSCi
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 26 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Secondary Common Control Channel
3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.2
•
Downlink S-CCPCH
Spreading Factor = 256 to 4
1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 20 * 2k data bits; k = [0..6]
0, 2, or 8 bits
TFCI or DTX
1
2
3
0, 8, or 16 bits
20 to 1256 bits
Data
4
5
6
7
8
9
Pilot
10
11
12
13
14
15
1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 27 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Page Indication Channel
3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.9
•
Paging Indication Channel (PICH)
 Spread with SF=256 Channelization code
 Each UE looks for a particular PICH time slot
 A paging indicator set to “1” indicates that the UE should read the SCCPCH of the corresponding frame.
288 bits for paging indication
b0 b1
12 bits (undefined)
b287 b288
b299
One radio frame (10 ms)
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 28 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Dedicated Control/Data Channel
3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.2
•
Downlink DPCCH/DPDCH Frame
1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 10 x 2^k bits, k = [0...7]
SF = 512/2k = [512, 256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, 4]
DPDCH
DPCCH
Data 1
1
2
DPDCH
TPC
3
4
TFCI
5
6
7
DPCCH
Data 2
8
9
10
11
Pilot
12
13
14
15
1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
The DPDCH carries user traffic, layer 2 overhead bits, and layer 3 signaling data.
The DPCCH carries layer 1 control bits: Pilot, TPC, and TFCI
Downlink Closed-Loop Power Control steps of 1 dB, 0.5 dB
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 29 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Downlink Data Rates
•
Variable Data Rates on the Downlink: Examples
Channel Bit
Rate
(kbps)
Channel
Symbol
Rate
(ksps)
SF
Bits/Frame
Bits/ Slot
15
7.5
512
150
60
90
10
4
0
2
4
120
60
64
1200
900
300
80
60
8
4
8
1920
960
4
480
1280
1248
8
8
16
TOTAL DPDCH DPCCH TOTAL DPDCH
DPCCH
TFCI
19,200 18,720
TPC PILOT
Channel Coding
(OVSF codes at 3.84 Mcps)
Coded Data
1.920 Mb/sec
(19,200 bits
per 10 mSec frame)
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
S/P
Converter
960 kb/sec
Part 4: 30 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Downlink DPDCH/DPCCH Slot Formats
3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.2
Slot Channel Channel SF
Format Bit Rate Symbol
#i
(kbps)
Rate
(ksps)
Bits/
Slot
DPDCH
Bits/Slot
DPCCH
Bits/Slot
NData1 NData2 NTPC
NTFCI NPilot
Transmitted
slots per
radio frame
NTr
0
0A
0B
1
1B
2
2A
2B
3
3A
3B
15
15
30
15
30
30
30
60
30
30
60
7.5
7.5
15
7.5
15
15
15
30
15
15
30
512
512
256
512
256
256
256
128
256
256
128
10
10
20
10
20
20
20
40
20
20
40
0
0
0
0
0
2
2
4
2
2
4
4
4
8
2
4
14
14
28
12
10
24
2
2
4
2
4
2
2
4
2
2
4
0
0
0
2
4
0
0
0
2
4
4
4
4
8
4
8
2
2
4
2
2
4
15
8-14
8-14
15
8-14
15
8-14
8-14
15
8-14
8-14
14
14A
14B
15
15A
15B
16
16A
480
480
960
960
960
1920
1920
1920
240
240
480
480
480
960
960
960
16
16
8
8
8
4
4
4
320
320
640
640
640
1280
1280
1280
56
56
112
120
120
240
248
248
232
224
464
488
480
976
1000
992
8
8
16
8
8
16
8
8
8*
16*
16*
8*
16*
16*
8*
16*
16
16
32
16
16
32
16
16
15
8-14
8-14
15
8-14
8-14
15
8-14
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 31 of 65
Notes:
1) Zero-TFCI slot formats are
used when there is only
one data service on the
DCH.
2) Slot formats A and B are
used during compressed
mode operation
WCDMA Air Interface
Time-Embedded Pilot Symbols
3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.2
•
DL: Time-multiplexed with DPDCH
•
UL: Transmitted on Q-channel along with TPC, TFCI, FBI bits
Pilot Bit Patterns, Downlink DPDCH (Data Channel)
Npilot = 4
Npilot = 8
Npilot = 16
Symbol #
0
1
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Slot #1
11
11
11
11
11
10
11
11
11
10
11
11
11
10
2
11
00
11
00
11
10
11
00
11
10
11
11
11
00
3
11
01
11
01
11
01
11
01
11
01
11
10
11
00
4
11
00
11
00
11
00
11
00
11
00
11
01
11
10
5
11
10
11
10
11
01
11
10
11
01
11
11
11
11
6
11
11
11
11
11
10
11
11
11
10
11
01
11
01
7
11
11
11
11
11
00
11
11
11
00
11
10
11
11
8
11
10
11
10
11
00
11
10
11
00
11
10
11
00
9
11
01
11
01
11
10
11
01
11
10
11
00
11
11
10
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
11
00
11
11
11
11
01
11
01
11
01
11
01
11
01
11
11
11
10
12
11
10
11
10
11
11
11
10
11
11
11
00
11
10
13
11
10
11
10
11
00
11
10
11
00
11
01
11
01
14
11
00
11
00
11
11
11
00
11
11
11
00
11
00
15
11
00
11
00
11
11
11
00
11
11
11
10
11
01
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 32 of 65
Note:
Shaded portions are the
Frame Synchronization
Words (FSW)
WCDMA Air Interface
Transmit Power Control (TPC) Bits
3GPP TS 25.211¶ Table 13
•
TPC Bits
 2, 4, or 8 bits per slot depending on slot format
TPC
Command
NTPC = 2
NTPC = 4
NTPC = 8
Up (1)
11
1111
11111111
Down (0)
00
0000
00000000
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 33 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
TFCI Bits
•
TFCI (Transport Format Combination Indicator)
 Used when multiple services are multiplexed onto one DPDCH
Data Channel 1
Channel Coding
TFI 1
Data Channel 2
Channel Coding
TFI 2
MUX
Coded Composite
Transport Channel
(CCTrCH)
Data Channel N
Channel Coding
TFI N
MUX
10 bits
Channel Coding
TFCI Word
32 bits
TFI: Transport Format Indicator
TFCI: Transport Format Combination Indicator
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 34 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Downlink Data Coding, Multiplexing
3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3
Traffic @ 12.2 kbps
Traffic data (122x2)
L3 Data @ 2.4 kbps
Layer 3 Control data
244
96
CRC16
Add CRC bits
244
Add CRC bits
CRC 16
Add Tail bits
260
Add Tail bits
Tail 8
112
Conv. Coding R=1/3
804
Conv. Coding R=1/3
96
Tail 8
360
Rate matching
688
Rate matching
304
1st interleaving
688
1st interleaving
304
Data from second 244-bit packet
#1 344
#2 344
#1 344
#2 344
#1 76
#2 76
#3 76
#4 76
Radio Frame
Segmentation
344
2nd interleaving
76
420
344
76
344
76
420
420
344
76
420
slot segmentation
28 28 28 28
28
28 28 28 28
28
28 28 28 28
28
28 28 28 28
28
MUX: Pilot, TPC, TFCI
12 12 12 12
12
12 12 12 12
12
12 12 12 12
12
12 12 12 12
12
30 ksps DPCH
600 bits (300 symbols)
Radio frame FN=4N
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
600 bits (300 symbols)
Radio frame FN=4N+1
Part 4: 35 of 65
600 bits (300 symbols)
Radio frame FN=4N+2
600 bits (300 symbols)
Radio frame FN=4N+3
WCDMA Air Interface
Downlink Data Coding, Multiplexing
3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3
Traffic @ 384 kbps
3840
Traffic data (3840x2)
L3 Data @ 2.4 kbps
3840
Layer 3 Control data
CRC16
3840
Add CRC bits
Turbo Coding R=1/3
CRC 16
Add CRC bits
3840
7712
Concatenate
11568
96
CRC16
Concatenate
Termination
bits
11568
12
96
Tail 8
112
Conv. Coding R=1/3
12
360
Rate matching
18100
Rate matching
280
1st interleaving
18100
1st interleaving
280
Data from second 3840-bit packet
#1 9050
#2 9050
#1 9050
#2 9050
#1 70
#2 70
#3 70
#4 70
Radio Frame
Segmentation
9050
2nd interleaving
70
9050
9120
9050
70
70
9050
9120
9120
70
9120
slot segmentation
608
608
608
608
608
608
608
608
608
608
608
608
MUX: Pilot, TPC, TFCI
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
32
480 ksps DPCH
9600 bits (4800 symb.)
Radio frame FN=4N
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
9600 bits (4800 symb.)
Radio frame FN=4N+1
Part 4: 36 of 65
9600 bits (4800 symb.)
Radio frame FN=4N+2
9600 bits (4800 symb.)
Radio frame FN=4N+3
WCDMA Air Interface
Multi-Code Transmission
3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.2
•
Downlink DPCCH/DPDCH Frame
1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 10 x 2^k bits, k = [0...7]
Primary
DPCCH/DPDCH
Data 1
Additional
DPCCH/DPDCH
Data 3
Data 4
Additional
DPCCH/DPDCH
Data N-1
Data N
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
TPC
TFCI
Part 4: 37 of 65
Data 2
Pilot
WCDMA Air Interface
Downlink Shared Channel
3GPP TS 25.211¶ 5.3.3.5
•
Downlink PDSCH Frame
1 Slot = 0.666 mSec = 2560 chips = 20 x 2^k bits, k = [0...6]
SF = [256, 128, 64, 32, 16, 8, or 4]
Data (30 kbps to 1920 kbps)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
Notes:
The PDSCH has no embedded Pilot, TFCI, or TPC. Therefore, it must always be associated with an active DPCCH.
The associated DPCCH provides the necessary Pilot, TFCI, and TPC bits for the PDSCH.
The PDSCH can change its spreading ratio every frame, as indicated by the TFCI on the DPCCH
Any orthogonal code under the “PDSCH Root Channelization Code” may be utilized
Multiple PDSCH’s may be assigned to one UE
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 38 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
CRC Algorithms
3GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.1.1
•
CRC Algorithms
 0, 8, 12, 16, or 24 parity bits (determined by upper layers)
g(CRC24) = D24 + D23 + D6 + D5 + D + 1
g(CRC16) = D16 + D12 + D5 + 1
g(CRC12) = D12 + D11 + D3 + D2 + D + 1
g(CRC8)
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
= D8 + D7 + D4 + D3 + D + 1
Part 4: 39 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
FEC Coding Rules
•
3GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.3
FEC Coding
Transport
Channel
Coding Method
BCH
Convolutional Coding
1/2
PCH
Convolutional Coding
1/2
RACH
Convolutional Coding
1/2
Coder Rate
No Coding
DCH, DSCH,
CPCH, FACH
Convolutional Coding
Turbo Coding
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 40 of 65
1/2 or 1/3
1/3
WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Convolutional Code Generators
3GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.3.1
Rate 1/2, k=9 coder:
Data
In
D
D
Rate 1/3 , k=9 coder:
Data
In
D
D
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
G0 = 5618 , G1 = 7538
D
D
D
G0 = 5578 , G1 = 6638
D
D
D
,
D
D
2:1
MUX
Data
Out
3:1
MUX
Data
Out
G2 = 7118
D
Part 4: 41 of 65
D
D
D
WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Turbo Code Generator
3GPP TS 25.212¶ 4.2.3.2
Xk
Zk
Data In
Rate = X
Xk
D
D
D
M
U
X
Turbo
Interleaver
Z’k
D
D
Data Out
3x input bits
+ 12 Termination bits
D
X’k
At end of data block, both switches go “down” to provide 12-bit Trellis Termination:
[ xK+1, zK+1, xK+2, zK+2, xK+3, zK+3, x'K+1, z'K+1, x'K+2, z'K+2, x'K+3, z'K+3 ]
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 42 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Interleaving
3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.5 , 4.2.11
•
Interleaving
 1st-Stage Interleaver
Performed prior to service multiplexing
Interleaving depth of 1, 2, 4, or 8 columns
 2nd-Stage Interleaver
Performed after service multiplexing
Interleaving depth of 30 columns
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 43 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Interleaving
•
Interleaving
Before
Interleaving
(‘K’ blocks containing (R x C) bits each)
0, 1, 2, 3, - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - , (RC - 1)
Write Data
into Matrix
Row-wise
Permute
Matrix
Columns
Read Data
from Matrix
Column-wise
After
Interleaving
3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.5 , 4.2.11
0
1
m
C-1
C
C+1
C+m
2C-1
•
•
---
•
---
•
•
•
---
•
---
•
(R-1)C
(R-1)(C+1)
C0
C1
0
m
1
C-1
C
C+m
C+1
2C-1
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
(R-1)C
(R-1)(C+m)
(R-1)(C+1)
RC-1
C0
Cm
C1
CF-1
(R-1)(C+m)
---
Cm
RC-1
---
CC-1
0, C, … , (R-1)C , m, C+m, … (R-1)(C+m) , … , 1, C+1 , (R-1)(C+1), .., C-1 , 2C-1 , … RC-1
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 44 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Interleaving
•
Interleaver Columns Permutations (1st and 2nd Interleavers)
Interleaver
Interleaving
Span
Number
Inter-column
of Columns Permutation
10 mSec
1
None
20 mSec
2
{01}
40 mSec
4
{0213}
80 mSec
8
{04261537}
1st
2nd
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
10 mSec
30
Part 4: 45 of 65
{ 0, 20 ,10, 5, 15, 25,
3, 13, 23, 8, 18, 28,
1, 11, 21, 6, 16, 26,
4, 14, 24, 19, 9, 29,
12, 2, 7, 22, 27, 17 }
WCDMA Air Interface
Rate Matching
3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.7
•
Rate Matching
 When coded data rates of services are incompatible,
“Rate Matching” is used to equalize the data rates.
 Rate Matching may be performed by:
Padding with extra bits
Puncturing of bits using a pseudo-random algorithm
 For complete rate matching rules, see 3GPP TS25.212 ¶ 4.2.7
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 46 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Downlink Orthogonal Code Allocations
•
Each data stream is assigned a unique Channelization Code
- User voice / data channels
- Layer 3+ Control Channel data
•
Primary CPICH (Common Pilot) uses Channelization Code C256,0
- One per cell
- Phase reference for SCH, Primary CCPCH, AICH, PICH
- Scrambled using the Primary Scrambling Code
•
Secondary CPICH uses any Channelization code of SF=256
- Zero, one, or several per cell
- Scrambled using the Primary or Secondary Scrambling Code
•
P-CCPCH (Broadcast Channel) always uses Code C256,1
•
S-CCPCH Channelization Code is broadcast over the P-CCPCH
•
Traffic Channel Codes are transmitted over the S-CCPCH
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 47 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Complex PN Spreading
3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 5
•
Complex PN Spreading (Downlink)
cos ( 2fRFt)
SC-I
I

Is
FIR
Filter

SC-Q

Q
Qs
RF
Output
FIR
Filter
SC-I
I S  I  SCI  Q  SCQ 
sin ( 2fRFt)
QS  Q  SCI  I  SCQ 
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 48 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Complex PN Spreading
•
Complex PN Spreading (Downlink): The way it looks in the spec
3GPP TS 25.212 ¶ 4.2.5 , 4.2.11
Scrambling
Code
(Cscram)
Cos(wt)
SCI + jSCQ
I
Real (•)
p(t)
RF Out
+
+
Imag (•)
Q
*j
p(t)
I+jQ
-Sin(wt)
Same result as in the previous slide:
I 
jQ  SC I  jSCQ   I  SC I  Q  SCQ   j Q  SC I  I  SCQ 
real ()  I  SC I  Q  SCQ 
imag ()  Q  SC I  I  SCQ 
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 49 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
BS Transmit Diversity
•
TSTD (Time-Switched Transmit Diversity); SCH Only
Antenna 1
PSC
PSC
PSC
SSCi
SSCi
SSCi
Antenna 2
PSC
PSC
SSCi
SSCi
Slot #0
•
3GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.3
Slot #1
Slot #2
Slot #3
Slot #14
STTD (Space-Time Transmit Diversity); All Other DL Channels
Data bits
b0 b1 b2 b3
Antenna 1
-b2 b3 b0 -b1
Antenna 2
b0 b1 b2 b3
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 50 of 65
Note: TSTD and STTD must be
supported by the UE,
but are optional in BS
WCDMA Air Interface
Closed-Loop Transmit Diversity
3GPP TS 25.214 ¶ 7
•
Closed-loop Transmit Diversity (DCH, PDSCH only)
 UE sends Feedback Information (FBI) Bits to the BS over the DPCCH
 FBI bits tell the BS how to adjust antenna gain and phase for optimal
reception at the UE
CPICH1
Antenna 1

Antenna 2
DCH (or PDSCH)
DPCCH
DPDCH
MUX
•
•
•
•
S/P Demux
Channelization
Scrambling
I/Q Modulation

Weights W1, W2 are complex-valued:
Wi = ai + jbi
gaini = square root (ai2 + bi2)
phasei = tan-1(bi/ai)
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
W2
W1
CPICH2
Calculate
Gains, Phases
Part 4: 51 of 65
Decode FBI
WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Uplink Physical Layer
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 52 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
WCDMA Uplink (FDD)
Logical Channels
(Layers 3+)
Transport Channels
(Layer 2)
CCCH
Common Control Ch.
RACH
Random Access Ch.
Physical Channels
(Layer 1)
Data
Coding
Chd
Gd
PRACH
Physical Random Access Ch.

RACH Control Part
DTCH (packet mode)
Dedicated Traffic Ch.
CPCH
Common Packet Ch.
Data
Coding
Chc
Gc
Chd
Gd
j
PCPCH
Physical Common Packet Ch.
UE
Scrambling
Code

Uplink
RF Out
PCPCH Control Part
Chc
CCTrCH
DCCH
Dedicated Control Ch.
DTCH
Dedicated Traffic Ch. 1
DTCH
Dedicated Traffic Ch. N
DCH
Dedicated Ch.
DCH
Dedicated Ch.
DCH
Dedicated Ch.
Data
Encoding
Data
Encoding
DPDCH #1
Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
DPDCH #3 (optional)
Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
M
U
X
Data
Encoding
DPDCH #5 (optional)
Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
DPDCH #2 (optional)
Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
DPDCH #4 (optional)
Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
Chd,1
Gd
Chd,3
Gd
Chd,5
Gd
Chd,2
Gd
Chd,4
Gd
Chd,6
Gd
Chc
Gd
DPDCH #6 (optional)
Dedicated Physical Data Ch.
Pilot, TPC, TFCI bits
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
j
Gc

I+jQ
I
Q
Filter
Filter
I/Q
Mod.
I

Q
j
DPCCH
Dedicated Physical Control Ch.
Part 4: 53 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Uplink Transport Channels
•
Uplink Transport Channels
 Common Uplink Transport Channels
RACH
Random Access Channel
- Carries access requests, control information, short data
- Uses only open-loop power control
- Subject to random access collisions
CPCH
Uplink Common Packet Channel
- Carries connectionless packet data to PCPH
 Dedicated Uplink Transport Channels
DCH
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Dedicated Channel
- Carries dedicated traffic and control data from one UE
Part 4: 54 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
3GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.2.1
•
Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH) Slot (0.666 mSec)
Coded Data, 10 x 2^k bits, k=0…6
I
(10 to 640 bits)
Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH) Slot (0.666 mSec)
Pilot
TFCI
FBI
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
TPC
Q
15
1 Frame = 15 slots = 10 mSec
DPCCH: 15 kb/sec data rate, 10 total bits per DPCCH slot
PILOT:
Fixed patterns (3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 bits per DPCCH slot)
TFCI:
Transmit Format Combination Indicator (0, 2, 3, or 4 bits)
FBI:
Feedback Information (0, 1, or 2 bits)
TPC:
Transmit Power Control bits (1 or 2 bits); power adjustment in steps of 1, 2, or 3 dB
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 55 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH
3GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.2.1
•
Uplink DPDCH/DPCCH Slot Formats
DPDCH (Dedicated Physical Data Channel) Slot Formats
Slot Format #i
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Channel Bit Rate
(kbps)
15
30
60
120
240
480
960
Channel Symbol
Rate (ksps)
15
30
60
120
240
480
960
SF
256
128
64
32
16
8
4
Bits/
Frame
150
300
600
1200
2400
4800
9600
Bits/
Slot
10
20
40
80
160
320
640
Ndata
10
20
40
80
160
320
640
DPCCH (Dedicated Physical Control Channel) Slot Formats
Slot
Form
at #i
0
0A
0B
1
2
2A
2B
3
4
5
5A
5B
Channel Bit
Rate (kbps)
Channel Symbol
Rate (ksps)
SF
Bits/
Frame
Bits/
Slot
Npilot
NTPC
NTFCI
NFBI
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
256
256
256
256
256
256
256
256
256
256
256
256
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
6
5
4
8
5
4
3
7
6
5
4
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
3
4
0
2
3
4
0
0
2
3
4
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 56 of 65
Transmitted
slots per
radio frame
15
10-14
8-9
8-15
15
10-14
8-9
8-15
8-15
15
10-14
8-9
WCDMA Air Interface
FBI (Feedback Indication) Field
3GPP TS 25.211 ¶ 5.2.1
•
FBI Field
0, 1, or 2 bits total depending on Slot Format
S Field
D Field
0, 1, or 2 bits
0 or 1 bit
Used for SSDT signaling
during soft handover
Provides feedback information
for closed-loop transmit diversity
SSDT (Site Selection Transmit Diversity) is an enhanced soft handover process
The UE determines the cell with the strongest received signal, and indicates this “primary cell” selection using the S Field.
Cells other than the primary cell suspend transmission, so that overall downlink interference is reduced.
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 57 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Uplink Data Coding, Multiplexing
3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3
Traffic @ 12.2 kbps
Traffic data (122x2)
L3 Data @ 2.4 kbps
Layer 3 Control data
244
96
CRC16
Add CRC bits
244
Add CRC bits
CRC 16
Add Tail bits
260
Add Tail bits
96
Tail 8
Tail 8
112
Conv. Coding R=1/3
804
Conv. Coding R=1/3
360
1st interleaving
804
1st interleaving
360
Frame Segmentation
402
402
Frame Segmentation
90
90
90
90
110
110
110
110
Data from second 244-bit packet
Rate Matching
#1a 490
490
2nd interleaving
slot segmentation
60 ksps DPDCH
#2a 490
110
600
40 40 40 40
490
110
40
Radio frame FN=4N
40 40 40 40
#2b 490
490
110
600
600
600 bits (600 symbols)
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
#1b 490
40
600 bits (600 symbols)
Radio frame FN=4N+1
Part 4: 58 of 65
40 40 40 40
490
110
600
40
600 bits (600 symbols)
Radio frame FN=4N+2
40 40 40 40
40
600 bits (600 symbols)
Radio frame FN=4N+3
WCDMA Air Interface
Uplink Data Coding, Multiplexing
3GPP TS 25.101 App. A.3
Traffic @ 384 kbps
Traffic data (3840x2)
3840
L3 Data @ 2.4 kbps
Layer 3 Control data
3840
CRC16
Add CRC bits
3840
Add CRC bits
7712
11568
Turbo Coding R=1/3
CRC 16
CRC16
3840
Concatenate
11568
12
11580
Frame Segmentation
96
12
Conv. Coding R=1/3
360
1st interleaving
360
Frame Segmentation
11580
Tail 8
112
Concatenate
Termination
bits
23160
1st interleaving
96
90
90
90
90
75
75
75
75
Data from second 3840-bit packet
9525
Rate matching
9525
2nd interleaving
slot segmentation
480 ksps DPDCH
9525
75
9525
9600
640
640
9525
9525
75
640
Radio frame FN=4N
640
640
75
9525
9600
9600
9600 bits (9600 symb.)
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
9525
640
9600 bits (9600 symb.)
Radio frame FN=4N+1
Part 4: 59 of 65
640
640
75
9600
640
9600 bits (9600 symb.)
Radio frame FN=4N+2
640
640
640
9600 bits (9600 symb.)
Radio frame FN=4N+3
WCDMA Air Interface
Uplink Channelization Codes for HPSK
•
Special Restrictions on OVSF Codes on the Uplink (for HPSK)
If only one DPDCH is used:
3GPP TS 25.213 ¶ 4.3.1.2
SF of 4 ~ 256 may be used
OVSF Channelization Code is CSF,K where K = SF/4
If two through six DPDCH’s are used:
SF of 4 must be used for all six DPDCH’s
DPDCH_1 , DPDCH_2 must use OVSF code C4,1
DPDCH_3 , DPDCH_4 must use OVSF code C4,3
DPDCH_5 , DPDCH_6 must use OVSF code C4,2
C4,0
C2,0
1
1
1
1
1 -1 -1
1
DPCCH
DPDCH 1, 2
C4,2
C2,1
1
-1
1
Part 4: 60 of 65
1 -1
DPDCH 5, 6
C4,3
1 -1
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
1
C4,1
1
C1,0
1
-1
-1
1
DPDCH 3, 4
WCDMA Air Interface
Complex and HPSK Spreading
•
QPSK Modulation Pattern
Before Baseband Filtering
After Baseband Filtering
QPSK
I,Q
Equal
Magnitude
Before Baseband Filtering
After Baseband Filtering
Note:
When the I and Q branches are
imbalanced, the constellation
becomes “rectangular”.
QPSK
I,Q
Non-Equal
Magnitude
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
This worsens peak to average power
ratio, as the signal looks more like
BPSK modulation.
Part 4: 61 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Complex and HPSK Spreading
•
Complex Spreading Pattern
Before Baseband Filtering
After Baseband Filtering
Complex
PN Spreading
Note:
I,Q
Equal
Magnitude
The complex spread patterns remain
“circular”, or more nearly constant
amplitude, even when the I and Q
branches are unequal in amplitude.
Before Baseband Filtering
After Baseband Filtering
This is because the constellation
phase is constantly rotated in 90
degree steps.
Complex
PN Spreading
I,Q
Non-Equal
Magnitude
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 62 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Complex and HPSK Spreading
•
Complex PN Spreading vs. HPSK spreading
Complex PN
HPSK
Complex PN
Spreading
I,Q
Equal
Magnitude
Note:
The HPSK patterns have reduced
incidence of zero-amplitude crossings
as compared with the Complex PN
spread patterns.
This is due to the specific selection of
orthogonal codes, which are selected
to prohibit +/- transitions on
consecutive bits
Complex PN
HPSK
HPSK
Spreading
[++++ ]
[++-- ]
I,Q
Non-Equal
Magnitude
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
e.g.,
Part 4: 63 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Uplink Scrambling Code
•
Uplink Scrambling Code (38,400 chips of 225 Gold Code) 3GPP TS 25.213 ¶ 4.3.2.2
Clong 1,n
X
I
LSB
MSB
w0 = {1 1}
Cscr
w0 = {1 -1}
Clong 2,n
Decimate
1:2
Y
Q
Note:
c2 (quadrature component) is a 16,777,232 chip delayed version of the code, c1
Code “n” is created using a 24-bit key [n0 ... n23] for the initial conditions:
xn(0) = n0
;
xn(1) = n1 , … xn(23) = n23 ; xn(24)=1
y(0) = y(1) = … = y(23) = y(24) = 1
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 64 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface
Uplink Scrambling Code
Uplink Scrambling Code Type depends on the Application
Random Access, Packet Access
Dedicated Traffic Connection
• Cell-specific Scrambling Code(s)
• UE-specific Scrambling Code(s)
• Code(s) are assigned by UTRAN
• Code(s) are assigned by UTRAN
• Code(s) are conveyed to UE
via the BCH or FACH
• Code(s) are conveyed to UE via the FACH
• 224 possible codes
• 8,192 PRACH codes
• 32,768 PCPCH codes
• Code allocation corresponds to
the cell’s DL scrambling code group
Note:
Short (256) Scrambling Codes may be used in place of the
long scrambling codes. This is to support operation of
advanced BS receivers (e.g., multi-user detection receivers).
See TS25.213 Section 4.3.2
4/038 13 - EN/LZU 108 5306 Rev A
Part 4: 65 of 65
WCDMA Air Interface