Objective 1
The student will demonstrate and
understanding of the nature of
science
1. Scientific Processes
Biology and Integrated Physics
and Chemistry
• The student, for at least 40% of
instructional time, conducts field and
laboratory investigations using safe,
environmentally appropriate and ethical
practices. The student is expected to:
A) Demonstrate safe practices during field
and laboratory investigations.
1A Bio
C 10-04
A science class is conducting an experiment
that produces noxious fumes. Because of
inadequate ventilation, some students begin to
feel nauseated and dizzy. The first response
should be to --A neutralize the acid that is reacting to produce
the noxious fumes
B carry the reactants outside, away from other
students
C leave the room and go to an area with fresh
air
D spray the reaction with a fire extinguisher
1A Bio
D 10-03
Laboratory equipment is cleaned and properly
stored after use primarily so that --A. Chemical products can be measured
and recorded as data
B. Time is saved in setting up the next
experiment
C. Toxic materials can be kept in the
laboratory
D. The possibility of contamination in
the laboratory is minimized
1A Bio
B 11/05
This picture indicates that the chemical
represented is --A.pressurized
B.corrosive
C.flammable
D.toxic
1A Bio
C 11/04
The diagram shows an experimental setup. Which of these
questions was this experiment designed to answer?
A. Does water boil when exposed to air?
B. Will fire turn a gas into a liquid?
C. Does air expand when heated?
D. Will heat turn a gas into a solid?
1A
Bio
A 11/04
Reactions that produce toxic gases should be
performed in a ---
A. Laboratory fume hood
B. Beaker with a watch glass on top
C. Well-ventilated area of the lab
D. Warm, airtight drying oven
1A Bio
C 10-03
The reason for wafting or fanning a small amount
of chemical vapors toward the nose as a means
to detect odors in a test tube is to --A. Avoid experimental error from excessive
loss of mass of reactants or products
B. Avoid splashing chemicals into the face of
any person
C. Protect the respiratory tract against
potentially harmful vapors
D. Determine the relative strength of the odor
before smelling directly
1A Bio
Powerful Plankton
A 10-04
The U.S. Naval Research Laboratory has created an experimental
marine fuel cell that could produce enough electricity to power oceanmonitoring devices. This fuel cell runs on seawater and sediment, with the
help of plankton. Some plankton on the surface of ocean sediments use
dissolved oxygen to break down organic matter, releasing energy; this is an
aerobic process. The plankton in the deeper sediments break down
organic matter without using oxygen; this is an anaerobic process. These
two processes create a difference in voltage between the surface of the
sediment and the sediment farther down in the seabed, The voltage
difference can be used to produce electricity – up to 5.0 x 10-2 watts of
power. Energy supplied by this type of fuel cell can be obtained as long as
there is organic matter in the sediment.
Which safety precaution should be observed while analyzing
sediment from a marine aquarium?
A. Wear rubber gloves
B. Use a fume hood
C. Avoid using glassware
D. Have a fire extinguisher nearby
1A Bio
An activity is designed that allows a student to
observe the temperature changes in a cup of water. A
piece of metal taken from a beaker of boiling water is
placed in a cup containing water at room temperature.
A glass alcohol thermometer is used to measure
temperature changes.
D 1004
A safety checklist for this activity should include the presence
of a proper fire extinguisher and all of the following items
except a --A. Fire blanket
B. Receptacle for broken glass
C. Laboratory apron
D. Squeeze bottle
Potential Hazards of Petroleum, Naphtha, Hexane,
Toluene, and Acetone
May cause eye, skin, nose, and throat irritation. Inhaling or
swallowing vapors may be harmful or fatal. Known to
cause birth defects. Vapor may ignite explosively.
The ingredients described above are used to make a bonding
agent. The most important safety precaution to take when
applying this bonding agent is to ---
A. Dry it with a small flame
B. Work in a well-ventilated area
C. Cover the work area with newspaper
D. Wear a lab coat
1A Bio
D 10/04
1A Bio
C
10/06
In which part of this process
should safety precautions be
planned?
A. Q
B. R
C. S
D. T
1A Bio
Examining Owl Pellets
1.
2.
3.
4.
Obtain owl pellet and place in a dissecting tray
Carefully break open the owl pellet with forceps and dissecting needle
Remove fur and feathers from the bones
Group the recovered bones into mammal and bird skeletons
When performing this activity, students must
remember to --A. Label the equipment used
B. Keep hands away from face and mouth
C. Sterilize the dissecting needle before use
D. Disinfect the fur and feathers removed from the
pellet
B 11/05
1A Bio
A 11/05
The anatomy of grasshoppers is being studied in a
dissection lab. Working in groups of three, students
make observations using a hand lens, forceps, and a
scalpel. Two of the students in a group have
finished their observations. These two students may
do all of the following except --A. remove their goggles
B. review their notes
C. wash their hands
D. assist their lab partner
1A Bio
A
11/06
The label shown above contains information about some
harmful effects of acetone. A group of students plans to use
acetone to rinse out a glass container. A second group of
students is working at the same lab table. Which of the
following lab procedures should the second group of students
avoid?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Heating water with an open flame
Pouring hydrochloric acid into a beaker
Filtering precipitates from a liquid solution
Collecting oxygen from plants in a test tube
1A Bio
C 11/04
Classification symbols for certain fire extinguishers
are shown below. Which class of fire extinguisher
should be used when a hot plate overheats and
catches on fire?
A
C
B
D
1A Bio
D 11-04
All of these procedures
must be followed when
using the setup to the
left except ---
A. Putting on safety goggles
B. Handling the beaker with tongs
C. Securing loose clothing
D. Wearing rubber gloves
1A
Bio
11-03
The safest way to dilute concentrated sulfuric acid
is to add ___
A. a series of small volumes of water to the acid
while stirring
B. the acid to water slowly while stirring constantly
C. the acid to a small volume of water and then
add more water
D. dilute sulfuric acid to a small volume of the
concentrated acid
The safest way to dilute concentrated sulfuric acid
is to add ___
A. a series of small volumes of water to the acid
while stirring
B. the acid to water slowly while stirring constantly
C. the acid to a small volume of water and then
add more water
D. dilute sulfuric acid to a small volume of the
concentrated acid
2. Scientific Processes
Biology and Integrated Physics and
Chemistry
• The student uses scientific methods during field and
laboratory investigations. The student is expected
to:
A) Plan and implement investigative procedures
including asking questions, formulating testable
hypothesis, and selecting equipment and
technology;
B) Collect data and take measurements with precision;
C) organize, analyze, evaluate, make inferences, and
predict trends from data; and
D) Communicate valid conclusions.
Time Required for Water Evaporation
Container
A
B
Volume of
Water
(mL)
25
25
Temperature
(oC)
-15
25
Time
Required
(h)
72
24
The table shows times required for water to evaporate from identical
containers. Which of these is the best question to ask before
developing a reasonable hypothesis to explain the data?
A Why does a lower temperature slow the rate of evaporation?
B What is the boiling point of the water after both samples are
heated?
C Why does water exist as a solid at -15oC and as a liquid at 25oC?
D How does the rate of evaporation change when a different
container is used?
2A
Bio
A
A scientist has hypothesized that the
existence of life on Mars is likely because Mar’s
atmosphere is 95% carbon dioxide.
Which question is valid in testing this hypothesis?
A Do most other scientists agree with the hypothesis?
B Could abiotic processes account for the carbon
dioxide?
C What is the percent of argon compared to carbon
dioxide in the Martian atmosphere?
D Have the scientist’s other predictions about Mars been
validated?
2A
Bio
B
A De-Icing Experiment
Some species of plants that commonly grow
near roadways are used in an experiment. The
plant species are divided into control groups and
experimental groups. All groups are grown under
identical conditions except that the experimental
groups are given daily applications of a de-icing
solution that is used on roadways in winter. At
the end of one month, the growth of the control
group and experimental groups is compared.
2A
Bio
D
11/06
Which of the following is the most likely hypothesis for the
experiment described above?
A Vegetation that grows near roadways requires more water than
vegetation in other areas.
B De-icing solution causes roadways to have more space for
vegetation.
C Vegetation near roadways changes the effectiveness of de-icing
solution.
D De-icing solution affects some types of vegetation that grows
near roadways.
2A
Bio
D
11/06
Beaker 1
(10 cm from light)
Beaker 2
(50 cm from light)
Beaker 3
(90 cm from light)
The picture shows an experiment designed to investigate biochemical activity in a
water plant in a dark room. Over time, bubbles can be easily observed and counted as
they escape the funnel. The number of bubbles is an indicator of the rate of
photosynthesis. Which of these data tables best reflects that expected results of this
experiment?
A
B
Beakers
Number of
Bubbles/Minute
1
0
C
Beakers
Number of
Bubbles/Minute
1
15
2
15
2
15
3
20
3
15
Beakers
Number of
Bubbles/Minute
Beakers
Number of
Bubbles/Minute
1
10
1
20
2
0
2
10
3
20
3
0
D
2A Bio
B 1004
In experiments, a benefit of larger sample sizes
would be more ---
A. variables
B. representative data
C. time per group
D. control groups
2A BIO
C 10-04
An engineer has created a new engine for race
cars. It is necessary to know which fuel mixture
will allow the engine to run at its peak
performance. Which experimental design is
best for this investigation?
A. Use one fuel mixture on the engine and
measure its performance
B. Use one fuel mixture on many types of
engines and measure their performance
C. Use various fuel mixtures on the engine and
measure its performance
D. Use various fuels on many types of engines
and measure their performance
2A Bio
The following boxes represent a field. Which
pattern for collecting 10 samples would provide the
best data for identifying the types of plants in a
field?
XXXXX
XXX
XXX
XXX
X
C
A
XXXXX
X
X
X
B
XX
X
X
X
X
XXX
D
X
X
X
XX
XXX
B 10-03
Two science students discovered that the mass of a
sample of acetone in an open beaker decreased within a
few minutes. One student hypothesized that the acetone
reacted with oxygen to form a gaseous compound that
escaped. The other believed that the acetone evaporated
into the air. What should the students do to test these
hypotheses?
2A Bio
HC
A. Combine the hypotheses so they give valid predictions
of the acetone’s behavior
B. Conduct a study of original papers describing the
experiments leading to acetone’s discovery
C. Perform an experiment that attempts to identify the gas
above the open beaker
D. Ask a classmate’s opinion about the chemical and
physical properties of acetone
The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil on an island
formed from limestone.
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried from Africa
by huge dust clouds.
Which study would most likely be used to investigate
this hypothesis?
A
B
C
D
Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos
Determining the effects of iron on limestone
Calculating erosion rates in African limestone mines
Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds
2A
Bio
A
11/05
Experimental Results
Material
Conducts
No
Copper
X
Electricity
Yes
Glass
X
Chalk
X
Silver
2A
Bio
D
11/05
X
Wood
X
Sulfur
X
Tin
X
Zinc
X
According to these data, which question was most likely by this
activity?
A
B
C
D
How warm do materials get when placed in an electric circuit?
Will an electric current change a metal into a nonmetal?
Which material requires the greatest voltage in an electric circuit?
Can an electric current be used to distinguish metals from other
materials?
2A
Bio
C
11/04
A ruler placed between one student’s fingers and thumb is released without warning.
A second student catches the ruler. The distance the ruler falls is recorded. This
experiment is most likely designed to determine the --A
B
C
D
effects of stress on the first student’s heart rate
acceleration of the ruler during its fall
second student’s reaction time to a stimulus
force applied on a falling mass
Objects of the same mass but of different sizes
and shape were dropped from a given height.
Their rates of free fall were measured and
recorded. Which of the following is most likely the
question this experiment was designed to answer?
A How does height affect the force of gravity?
B How does gravity affect objects of different
densities?
C How do mass and weight affect falling objects?
D How do size and shape affect an object’s rate
of free fall?
2A
Bio
D
10/03
2A
Bio
D
11/04
Which set of equipment would be best to use to
test the effect of temperature on solution acidity?
A
B
C
D
A balance and a thermometer
A pH meter and a barometer
A balance and litmus paper
A thermometer and a pH meter
2A
Bio
B
10/04
Which lab setup would be appropriate to use in
heating 100 mL of water to the boiling point?
A
B
C
D
A 10 mL test tube held above a Bunsen burner
A 200 mL beaker placed on a hot plate
A thermal coil inside a 100 mL cylinder
A sealed 300 mL flask in a warm-water bath
2A
Bio
C
11/06
A medical researcher hypothesizes that a newly
developed medication can reduce high blood
pressure. Which of these would most likely be the
dependent variable in a study involving this
medication?
A The number of participants in the study
B The ages of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medication
C The blood pressure of the participants in the
study
D The number of people treated for high blood
pressure with other medications
2A
Bio
D
11/06
Similar sprigs of elodea were placed in four test tubes. Each test
tube contained water with a different concentration of salt ranging
from 0 to 3 percent. The length of each sprig was measured after 10
days. Which of these questions can best be answered with this
experimental setup?
A
B
C
D
Can the amount of salt in the water help elodea avoid disease?
What happens to salt as elodea sues water?
Will elodea increase the amount of salt in the water?
Does the amount of salt in the water affect elodea growth?
The following hypothesis refers to iron in the topsoil found on an
island formed from limestone.
2A
Bio
A
11/06
Hypothesis: Much of the iron found in the
topsoil of the island was carried from Africa by
huge dust clouds.
Which study would most likely be used to investigate this hypothesis?
A
B
C
D
Tracking dust clouds with satellite photos
Determining the effects of iron on limestone
Calculating erosion rates in African limestone mines
Analyzing the content of comet dust clouds
2A
Bio
A
11/05
A valid study would include a control group containing ---
A
B
C
D
bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, an water
water and 2% root hormone
water only
bean seed, tomato seed, sunflower seed, water, and 1% root
hormone
Students placed equal amounts of bread
mold on 12 identical agar plates
containing the same amounts and types
of nutrients. Four plates were kept at
0oC, four were kept at 45oC, and four
were kept at 22oC (room temperature).
The plates were examined after five days.
Which of the following was probably the hypothesis for this
experiment?
A The growth of bread mold increases as temperature increases.
B The type of nutrient causes bread mold to grow faster at higher
temperatures.
C The size of the plates determines the temperature of bread
mold.
D The temperature of bread mold is determined by the mold’s
growth.
2A
Bio
A 1104
Moon Chemistry
2A Bio
C 1104
Samples collected by Apollo astronauts have provided new data about the moon. Some of
these samples consisted of lunar soil, a fine-grained, sand-like material produced as a result of
the destruction of moon rocks. Traces of beryllium-10 were found in the samples. Beryllium-10
is carried by the solar wind, which transports elements from the sun’s surface and deposits them
on the moon.
The solar wind may also result in the formation of new substances. Tiny teardrops of iron and
specks of molybdenum were found inside the particles of lunar soil. This is interesting because
these elements have not been found in an uncombined state on Earth. The metal oxides they
originally were part of were possibly changed when bombarded by the positively charged
particles of the solar wind.
Another interesting find was tiny (1 to 3 micrometers in length) crystals of silver sulfide.
Because similar particles are found on Earth, it has been hypothesized that these crystals were
created at a time when the moon had a molten core.
Which procedure is best to use when determining the density of a rock?
A. Place the rock in a water-filled beaker and find the height at which the rock
floats above water.
B. Use a ruler to measure the rock’s dimensions and then find its mass using
an analytical balance.
C. Measure the mass of the rock on a balance and then find the volume of
water it displaces in a graduated cylinder.
D. Place the rock in three liquids with different densities and observe which
liquid the rock floats in.
2A
Bio
A
10/03
Which of these is a hypothesis that can be tested
through experimentation?
A Bacterial growth increases exponentially as
temperature increases.
B A fish’s ability to taste food is affected by the
clarity of aquarium water.
C Tadpoles’ fear of carnivorous insect larvae
increases as the tadpoles age.
D The number of times a dog wags its tail
indicates how content the dog is.
2A
Bio
B
11/06
A student is working with four beakers that each contain a
clear liquid. Which set of procedures would be best to use
to determine whether one of the beakers contains only
distilled water?
Only 10% of the electrical energy operating a
lightbulb is changed into visible light. Which
instrument helps identify the energy change
occurring to most of the remaining 90%?
A
B
C
D
Triple-beam balance
Thermometer
Magnifying glass
Prism
2A
Bio
B
11/05
Hypothesis: At the end of each summer, Texas
red oak (Quercus buckleyi) leaves turn red and
fall off the trees. This is most likely caused by
changes in air temperature and sunlight
intensity.
Which equipment is most useful when
measuring the two environmental changes
mentioned above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Barometer and voltmeter
Light meter and barometer
Voltmeter and thermometer
Thermometer and light meter
2A Bio
D
10/06
2A
Bio
D
11/06
In an activity, a ball is dropped from a height of 100 cm onto five
different materials. The rebound height of each drop is shown in
the graph. Which of the following describes the hypothesis most
likely being tested?
A
B
C
D
The mass of the ball affects the rebound height.
The material the ball is made of affects the rebound height.
The height the ball is dropped from affects the rebound height.
The surface the ball is dropped onto affects the rebound height.
2A
Bio
D
11/05
The diagram shows a classroom setup for an experiment. This
experiment was probably designed to determine wood lice -A
B
C
D
social behaviors
activity patterns
speed
habitat preferences
2A
Bio
D
10/06
Which of the following is most useful in
determining the kinetic energy of a 50 g
battery-powered car traveling a distance of
10 m?
A
B
C
D
Beaker
Voltmeter
Thermometer
Stopwatch
2A
Bio
C
11/05
The picture above shows a
compound microscope. What
part of the microscope should
be used to adjust the amount of
light illuminating a prepared
slide?
A
B
C
D
Eyepiece
Rotating nosepiece
Diaphragm
Coarse-focus knob
2A
Bio
B
11/06
Which of these could be used to determine
whether a substance is a base?
A
B
C
D
Thermometer
Litmus paper
Balance
Bunsen burner
Black-and-White Negatives
2A
Bio
11/06
Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with cameras that
used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals are silver
halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are focused onto
the photographic film. When exposed to light, the halide granules are activated in different
amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes them. This forms a photographic
image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film is
placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming black
metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the most intense
light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains negative
images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the negatives onto
photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the lightest, and the areas with
the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The negative
image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents the same
image on photo paper.
Black-and-White Negatives
2A
Bio
B
11/06
Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with cameras that used
photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals are silver halide
granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are focused onto the photographic film.
When exposed to light, the halide granules are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of
the light that strikes them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film is placed in a solution
that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming black metallic silver. The black silver is
thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the
least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains negative images of the
pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the negatives onto photosensitive paper, the areas
with the thickest silver become the lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The negative image
represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents the same image on photo paper.
Which of these tools is most useful in identifying the
wavelengths of visible light?
A
B
C
D
Convex lens
Spectroscope
Microscope
Concave mirror
2A Bio
D 10/06
Hypothesis: At the end of each summer, Texas
red oak (Quercus buckleyi) leaves turn red and
fall off the trees. This is most likely caused by
changes in air temperature and sunlight
intensity.
Which equipment is most useful when
measuring the two environmental changes
mentioned above?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Barometer and voltmeter
Light meter and barometer
Voltmeter and thermometer
Thermometer and light meter
Soap-Making Project
Materials
125 mL cooking oil
100 mL H2O
10 g NaOH
Safety goggles
Apron
500 mL beaker
Stirring rod
Procedures:
•Measure and add 100 mL of H2O to 125 mL of cooking
oil and mix thoroughly.
•Carefully and slowly add 10 g of NaOH while stirring
constantly.
•Stir until paste forms.
•Pour the paste into a mold and let it sit for two days.
•Remove the solid bar from the mold.
Caution:
Keep this soap away from the face and eyes because
traces of
NaOH may still be present on the soap bar. Use this soap
for washing floors and tools only.
4B
IPC
D
11/05
Which two pieces of
equipment should be
added to the materials list
for this activity?
A Graduated cylinder and
metric ruler
B Metric ruler and
stopwatch
C Magnifying glass and
balance
D Graduated cylinder and
balance
2A
Bio
H
11/04
Which is the best question to ask before developing a reasonable hypothesis
for the phenomenon shown above?
A Why does water crystallize into a solid below 0oC instead of remaining a liquid?
B How will the freezing time from 20oC to -15oC change if each container is covered?
C Why does boiling the water cause it to freeze more quickly when cooled from 20oC
to -15oC?
D What is the precise boiling point of the water in Sample A after it has been heated?
2A Bio
A
10-03
The diagram shows
different setups of an
experiment to determine
how sharks find their prey.
Which experimental setup
is the control?
A
B
C
D
Q
R
S
T
Habitat
Productivity
(g/m2/yr)
Bird Diversity
(average number of species/km2)
Marsh
2000
14
Grassland
500
12
Shrub land
600
8
Desert
70
3
Coniferous forest
800
17
Upland deciduous forest
1000
21
Floodplain deciduous forest
2000
24
2A Bio
B
11/04
Which question could be formed based on these data?
A
B
C
D
What types of plants have increased productivity in different habitats?
Is there a relationship between productivity and bird diversity in a habitat?
How does the number of birds in a population affect habitats?
Do habitats display changes in productivity and bird diversity during different
seasons?
Initial Velocity
of Ball
(m/s)
Calculate
d
Distance
(m)
Actual
Distance
(m)
2.0
0.52
0.51
4.0
2.07
2.01
8.0
8.30
7.90
Mass of metal ball:
Vertical height off ground, h:
2A
Bio
B
11/04
0.066 kg
0.89 m
A catapult was designed to project a small metal ball at a target. The resulting
data are shown in the table. Which of these might explain the difference
between the calculated and actual distances?
A The ball landed short of the calculated distance because of an increase in
momentum.
B Air resistance caused the ball to land short of the calculated distance.
C Initial mass of the ball changed with each trial.
D The metal ball was too small for accurate measurements to be made.
2B Bio
D
10-03
Which of the following shows the length of a rubber
strip measured precisely to 2.22 centimeters?
2B Bio
B 1003
Which of the following pieces of equipment would be
most appropriate for measuring the volume of a
marble?
2B Bio
C 11/05
Which piece of equipment would be used to precisely
measure the volume of an acid?
This experiment probably was set
up to determine --A. how much mechanical energy
the battery produces
B. the pH of water during
electrolysis
C. the pressure created by an
electric current
D. how much energy is
converted to heat
2B
Bio
1103
This experiment probably was set
up to determine --A. how much mechanical energy
the battery produces
B. the pH of water during
electrolysis
C. the pressure created by an
electric current
D. how much energy is
converted to heat
2B
Bio
The picture shows the position of a ball
every 0.25 second on a photogram. Using
a ruler, determine the velocity of the ball
A.3.5 cm/s
B.10.5 cm/s
C.14.0 cm/s
D.28.0 cm/s
1103
The picture shows the position of a ball
every 0.25 second on a photogram. Using
a ruler, determine the velocity of the ball
A.3.5 cm/s
B.10.5 cm/s
C.14.0 cm/s
D.28.0 cm/s
Four lab groups measured the volume of acid required to neutralize a
standard solution of sodium hydroxide. Which of the groups measured
the volume with the highest precision?
2B
Bio
D 1103
2B Bio
D
10/04
In the diagram above, one cell creates and releases chemicals that travel to
a second cell and quickly induce that cell into action. This diagram
represents part of the --A
B
C
D
endocrine system
skeletal system
muscular system
nervous system
2B Bio
A
11/06
11/05
Which of these is the most appropriate unit of measure
for reporting the density of a solid?
A
B
C
D
g/cm3
g/cm
g/L2
g/mm2
2B Bio
Louis Pasteur’s Experiment
A
11/06
Like many other scientific breakthroughs, the discovery of immunization happened by accident.
In 1880 Louis Pasteur was trying to protect chickens from cholera. To study the disease, Pasteur and his
assistants gave injections of cholera bacteria to several groups of chickens. The chickens usually died from
cholera after being injected with the bacteria. However, one group of chickens survived. Pasteur noticed that
these chickens had been injected with a six-week old batch of cholera bacteria.
Pasteur’s assistants prepared new colonies of cholera bacteria and injected these chickens a second
time. They also injected a group of chickens that had not been previously injected. Pasteur was surprised
that the chickens that had been injected previously with the old bacteria remained healthy, while all the
chickens in the second group became sick and died.
This is how Pasteur came to discover that exposure to weakened pathogens can provide immunity from
disease. The idea was later used to protect animals from serious diseases. Today immunizations help
protect people from many illnesses.
Which of these probably served as the most useful data after Pasteur
injected a group of chickens with bacteria from the older culture?
A
B
C
D
The health and behavior of the injected chickens
The total number of cholera cases observed
The changes in the shape and color of the bacterial colonies
The recovery rate of chickens previously infected with cholera
2B Bio
Which piece of equipment should be used to precisely measure
40.0 mL of a dilute sodium hydroxide solution?
C
11/06
Masses of Reactants and Products
Trial
Reactant 1
Mass
(g)
Reactant 2
Mass
(g)
Product
Mass
(g)
1
32
24
8
2
32
24
55
3
32
24
66
4
32
24
28
The chart shows the results of a conservation-of-mass
experiment. The most accurate trial for this experiment was ---
A
B
C
D
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
2B Bio
G
11/06
2B Bio
C
11/06
Three liquids were poured into a beaker and formed three layers.
Which conclusion is best supported by the information above?
A
B
C
D
The mass of Liquid 2 is greater than the mass of Liquid 3.
The volume of liquid 1 is lass than the volume of Liquid 3.
The density of Liquid 3 is greater than the density of Liquid 2.
The buoyancy of Liquid 2 is greater that the buoyancy of Liquid 1.
2B Bio
A
11/05,
11/06
Two students measured the length of the same stick, each using a
different 30 cm ruler. One student reported a length of 22 cm, and
the other reported a length of 8 cm. The most likely explanation
for the difference in the reported values is that one --A
B
C
D
student improperly read the ruler
ruler was metal and the other ruler was plastic
student viewed the ruler from a different angle
ruler was constructed with non-standard cm marks
2B Bio
J
11/04
These data were gathered by four groups of students. Each
group performed four trials to determine the acceleration rate of
a toy car. Which group had the most consistent data?
A
B
C
D
Group Q
Group R
Group S
Group T
2B Bio
C
10/06
What volume should be reported for the
solution in this graduated cylinder?
A. 64.0 mL
B. 56.2 mL
C. 56.0 mL
D. 50.6 mL
Density of Seawater from the
Gulf of Mexico
Density
(g/mL)
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Trial 1
0.998
1.052
1.008
1.019
Trial 2
1.020
1.054
0.986
1.018
Trial 3
1.051
1.053
1.039
1.029
Average
1.023
1.053
1.011
1.022
The chart shows the density of seawater samples
collected from the Gulf of Mexico by four different groups.
Which group’s data are most precise?
A. Group 1
B. Group 2
C. Group 3
D. Group 4
2B Bio
B
10/06
2B Bio
D
11/04
The table shows four mass readings of one object as
measured by four different balances. Which balance
produced the most-consistent measurements?
A
B
C
D
Q
R
S
T
2B
Bio
B
10/03
Which of the following will allow measurement of a
liquid’s volume with the greatest precision?
A
B
C
D
50 mL cylinder graduated in 1 mL increments
100 mL cylinder graduated in 0.5 mL increments
100 mL cylinder graduated in 1 mL increments
200 mL cylinder graduated in 5 mL increments
2B
Bio
2.4
11/05
The pictures above show two organisms. Measure their body
lengths to the nearest tenth of a centimeter. What is the difference
between the body lengths of the grasshopper and the cricket to the
nearest tenth?
A
B
C
D
2.0 cm
2.4 cm
6.0 cm
3.6 cm
2B
Bio
H
11/04
F
G
H
J
Which of these will give the most precise measure of a
10-millimeter volume?
2B Bio
D
11/04
The illustration shows volume levels of a liquid in a graduated cylinder before and after a
sample was removed. According to this information, what was the volume of the sample to the
nearest millimeter?
A 38
B 47
C 11
D 9
2B Bio
D 1004
Which of the following procedures should be used in
finding the mass of crystals?
A Pour the excess crystals back into the original
container
B Put the crystals on the outer part of the balance
pan for massing
C Pour wastes down the sink with plenty of water
D Use weighing paper on the balance pan
2B
Bio
A
11/04
What is the volume reading for the solution in the pipette?
A
B
C
D
19.4 mL
19.6 mL
20.4 mL
20.6 mL
2B
BIO
B 10-04
The cloud conditions above are typical of locations near a
warm front. According to these data, what are the most
likely sky conditions for waco?
A
B
C
D
Cirrus clouds
Altostratus clouds
Stratus clouds
Clear skies
2C
Bio
D
Which graph best shows the comparison of the elements to the total composition of the copper ore?
2C
BIO
A
10/04
The graph shows this distance traveled by a vehicle over a
certain period of time. Which segment of the graph shows the
vehicle moving with the greatest speed?
A
B
C
D
L
M
N
O
2C
BIO
200
11/06
The graph shows how the momentum of a given mass change
during a period of motion. According to the information, what
is the momentum in kg m/s at 2.75 seconds?
A
B
C
D
230
200
150
100
2C
BIO
D 11/06
The graph shows how the voltage needed to maintain a
constant current of 1.5 amps through a wire conductor varies
with the length of the wire. If the trend continues, what is the
most likely voltage needed to maintain a 1.5-amp current
through 80 meters of the wire?
A
B
C
D
10 volts
18 volts
250 volts
400 volts
2C
BIO
D
11/05
According to the periodic table and the information above,
which element has this electron configuration?
A
B
C
D
Sodium
Neon
Magnesium
Argon
2C
BIO
A
11/06
The bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis produce protein crystals
that are toxic to the digestive system of insects. How can
these bacteria be used to control insects in crops?
A
B
C
D
Apply the bacteria to growing plants.
Expose the bacteria to low levels of light.
Remove plants from areas containing the bacteria
Treat the bacteria with a solution of the protein crystals.
2C
BIO
B
11/05
A researcher determined the percentage of electrical energy
transformed into different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is to display the data
using a ---
A
B
C
D
histogram
circle graph
line graph
box-whisker graph
Use the information below and your knowledge
of science to answer the next question
Gas Sylvestre
Early alchemists were able to produce various kinds of gases by
mixing different substances together. However, it was not until the early
1600s that a Belgian physician, J.B. van Helmont, first used the term
gas.
Van Helmont concentrated his study on a gas he obtained from
burning wood. He called this substance gas sylvestre, which means
“gas from wood.” He demonstrated that gas sylvestre also formed when
limestone reacted with an acid solution. Van Helmont determined that
the gas was denser than air and occurred naturally in the lower
chambers of the Grotto del Cane, a cave in Italy. He noticed that the
atmosphere in the lower cave did not support animal life. He also
observed that the process of fermentation produced gas sylvestre.
Today gas sylvestre is known by a more familiar name – carbon dioxide.
Center for Microscale Gas Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Creightion University
Omaha, Nebraska 68178. http://mattson.creighton.edu/History_Gas_Chemistry/vanHelmont.html
2C IPC
11/06
Properties of Some Gases
Gas
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Chlorine
Molecular Mass
(amu)
2
32
44
71
Density
(g/L, at 0C)
0.09
1.43
1.98
3.21
Boiling Point
(C)
-253
-183
-78*
-35
Solubility in Water
(L/L H2O; at 20C)
0.02
0.03
0.88
2.30
2C IPC
B
11/06
*sublimes
(changes directly
from solid into gas)
Which of these statements is best supported by the information
in the table?
A. Carbon dioxide an oxygen have similar chemical properties.
B. The density of the gases increases as their molecular mass
increases.
C. Chlorine and hydrogen boil at the same temperature.
D. The solubility of the gases decreases as their density
increases.
2C
BIO
C
11/04
This graph shows the absorption spectrum for a certain
pigment molecule. To a human, this pigment would most
likely appear --A
B
C
D
blue
green
yellow
orange
Variation in Photosynthetic Rate of Elodea
Lightbulb
Intensity
(W/m2)
Number of
Bubbles
per Minute
25
4
50
7
75
12
100
31
125
38
2C
BIO
C
11/04
The table shows the number of bubbles released by an elodea plant per
minute at different light intensities. The rate of bubble release is
representative of the photosynthetic rate. Which statement is supported by
these data?
A The rate of photosynthesis is slowest when elodea produces 7 to 12
bubbles.
B Lower light intensity causes a higher photosynthetic rate.
C The greatest difference in photosynthetic rate is between the 75 W and
100 W lightbulbs.
D Light intensity has little effect on the rate of photosynthesis of elodea.
2C
BIO
A
10/04
This chart shows the results of an experiment performed in the 1920s using a
bacterial species that causes pneumonia in humans. The experiment involved
several procedures using two different bacterial strains, R and S. What is a possible
explanation for the results in Group 2?
A
B
C
D
Living S-strain bacteria can transform into a pathogenic form of R-strain bacteria.
Living R-strain bacteria are controlled by a mouse’s immune system.
Dead S-strain bacteria can cause disease.
Dead R-strain bacteria can confer resistance to S-strain bacteria
2C
BIO
D
11/04
While studying the relationship between the pressure and the volume of a gas, members of a
science class conducted an experiment in which they changed the pressure on a balloon and
then measured the balloon’s volume. They collected the data above. Which graph correctly
represents these data?
A
B
C
D
2C BIO
D
10/04
From 1942 to 1945, U.S. nickels were made of an alloy
that contained 35% silver, 9.0% manganese, and the rest
copper, by mass. If one of these nickels has a mass of
5.0 grams, what is the mass of the copper?
A
B
C
D
0.5 g
1.8 g
2.2 g
2.8 g
2C BIO
Enzyme X
Pathway in
Neurospora
Precursor
Enzyme Y
Ornithine
Enzyme Z
Citrulline
B 10/04
Arginine
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Supplement to
Minimal Medium
No supplement
added
Ornithine added
Citrulline added
Arginie added
Growth to Mutant
Neurospora
No growth
No growth
Growth present
Growth present
The diagram above shows the biochemical pathway that
produces arginine, an amino acid required by an organism
called Neurospora. The table shows the response of a mutant
strain of Neurospora to supplements in its food supply. This
mutant strain must lack the enzyme that acts on --A
B
C
D
the precursor
ornithine
citrulline
arginine
2C BIO
H
10/04
Observing an approaching thunderstorm and
using a stopwatch, a student finds that it takes
8.40 seconds for thunder to be heard after a
lightning bolt strikes. The student has learned
that it takes 3.0 seconds for sound to travel
1000 m. How far away is the storm?
www.weatherstreet.com
www.weatherquestions.com/what_causes_lightning.htm
A
B
C
D
119 m
185 m
2800 m
8400 m
2C BIO
B
10/06
The graph shows mercury levels found in sediments, prey animals, and
adult shorebirds in a bay along the Gulf Coast. Which inference can
best be drawn from these data?
A. Mercury levels are elevated by the presence of shorebirds.
B. Mercury concentrations are highest in shorebirds.
C. Mercury is produced by sediments.
D. Mercury assures the survival of prey animals.
Average Radius of Trees in a Forest
Age of trees
(years
Average Radius
(cm)
1
2.2
2
2.6
2C BIO
C
10/06
3
4
5
6
4.4
The data table shows how the thickness of tree trunks in a certain forest
is related to tree age. Use these data to plot points on a graph. Draw a
straight line to show a linear relationship for the data. According to these
data, what is the most likely average radius of 4-year-old trees in this
forest?
A. 3.0 cm
B. 3.3 cm
C. 3.6 cm
D. 3.9 cm
2C BIO
B
11/04
According to this information, what is the best
prediction for the boiling point of the sevencarbon alcohol?
A 169oC
B 178oC
C 186oC
D 192oC
Mass of Remaining Carbon-14
(grams)
Decay of a 10-Gram Sample of Carbon-14
Time
(thousands of years)
According to the graph, what is the approximate half-life of
carbon-14?
A 5.7 years
B 5,700 years
C 23,000 years
D 1,000,000 years
2C BIO
B 11/04
2C
BIO
Enzyme X
Base
Substance
Enzyme Y
Ornithine
Enzyme Z
Citrulline
D 11/04
Arginine
This diagram shows the biochemical pathway that produces
arginine in Neurospora, a mold. Neurospora is easily grown
on a simple jelly-like medium. Different substances can be
added to the medium. A mutant Neurospora lacking Enzyme
Y would have to have which of these added to its medium in
order to survive?
A
B
C
D
Enzyme X
Ornithine
Enzyme Z
Citrulline
Spring Stretch
Force
(N)
ΔL
(cm)
0.98
3.5
1.96
7.0
2.94
10.5
According to the data in the table, about how far can a spring
be expected to stretch when a force of 3.92 N is applied?
A
B
C
D
10.5 cm
13.6 cm
14.0 cm
17.3 cm
2C BIO
C 1104
2C BIO
Organism X
C
11-05
Animalis
Vertebrata
Aves
Poecile carolinensis
Organism 1
Organism 2
Organism 3
Organism 4
Animalia
Vertebrata
Reptilia
Anolis carolinensis
Animalia
Vertebrata
Amphibia
Bufo americanus
Animalia
Vertebrata
Aves
Poecile gambeli
Animalia
Vertebrata
Aves
Grus americana
The chart shows the classification of four organisms found in
Texas. Which organism is most closely related to Organism X?
A Anolis carolinensis
B Bufo americanus
C Poecile gambeli
D Grus americana
2C BIO
A
10-03
During a severe drought a dry lake was explored for fossils. The diagram
represents the fossils uncovered and the layers they were in. According to
this information, this area was once a --A
B
C
d
forest that was replaced by a freshwater lake
freshwater lake that was replaced by a desert
saltwater sea that was replaced by a forest
freshwater lake that was replaced by a forest
2C BIO
C
10-04
According to the graph,
about how much
hemoglobin would be
saturated at an O2 pressure
of 7.3 kPa?
A
B
C
D
32%
67%
89%
92%
2C Bio
A
10-04
Atomic Radii
(nm)
H
0.030
Li
0.123
Be
0.089
B
0.080
C
0.077
N
0.070
O
0.066
Na
0.157
Mg
0.136
Al
0.125
Si
0.117
P
0.110
S
0.104
K
0.203
Ca
0.174
Ga
0.125
Ge
0.122
As
0.121
Se
0.117
The table shows the atomic radii of some elements in Periods 1
through 4 of the periodic table. Which inference can be made from
this information?
A
B
C
D
Atomic radii decrease from left to right.
Atomic radii increase from bottom to top.
Atomic radii decrease from right to left.
Atomic radii double from top to bottom.
2C Bio
B
The graph shows the percentage of 10/04
hemoglobin that combines with
carbon monoxide (CO) at various
concentrations. Exposure to 400
parts per million of CO in air can
cause people to experience nausea
and a throbbing headache. According
to the graph, about what percentage
of hemoglobin is bound to CO at a
concentration of 400 parts per
million?
A
B
C
D
25%
35%
49%
55%
Watersheds
2C Bio
The San Antonio-Nueces Coastal Basin, shown in the map below, consists mainly of flatland. The soil in D
10/06
the area is mostly sandy and porous. Rainfall that collects in this area drains into the Gulf of Mexico by a
series of waterways.
The San Antonio-Nueces Coastal Basin is one of more than 20 major watersheds in Texas. A watershed is
a geographic area that drains water collected on its surface. Watersheds provide a way for water to move
from areas of higher elevation to areas of lower elevation. Sediment and dissolved materials are also moved
to lower elevations.
Rivers and streams form a general pattern within a watershed. The map shows this general pattern within
the San Antonio-Nueces Coastal Basin. This type of pattern is called a dendritic pattern and can be observed
in many natural structures, including the network of nerves in the human nervous system and branching
patterns in trees.
Watersheds can change as the geography and other features of an area change. Some of the causes of
change are more obvious than others. For example, the clearing of wooded areas for the construction of
buildings may change the way rainfall collects and drains from an area.
In which general direction do rivers flow
in this watershed?
A. North
B. West
C. Northwest
D. Southeast
2C Bio
C
11/05
About how much KNO3 will dissolve in 100 grams of water at
80oC to make a saturated solution?
A
B
C
D
48 grams
160 grams
170 grams
220 grams
2C Bio
B
11/06
A researcher determined the percentage of electrical energy
transformed into different forms of energy by a toaster. The
best way to communicate these results is to display the data
using a --A
B
C
D
histogram
circle graph
line graph
box-whisker graph
2C Bio
A
11/05
In 1967, 34 million metric tons of fertilizers were used in the
United States. According to the graph, how many more metric
tons of fertilizers were used 30 years later?
A
B
C
D
16 million
25 million
64 million
84 million
•Cytochrome c is a protein found in all aerobic organisms.
•The difference in the amino acid sequence of cytochrome c
are used to determine how closely species are related.
Percent Differences in Cytochrome c
Horse
Dog
Kangaroo
Penguin
Horse
0
6
7
12
Dog
6
0
7
10
Kangaroo
7
7
0
10
Penguin
12
10
10
0
The table above shows percent differences in cytochrome c
in four different animals. According to the table, which two
animals are most closely related to each other?
A
B
C
D
Horse and dog
Dog and kangaroo
Horse and penguin
Penguin and kangaroo
2C Bio
A
11/06
2C Bio
D
11/05
The table shows the results of growing a yeast culture in a 5%
glucose solution. The number of bubbles produced was used to
indicate the extent of respiration by the yeast. If all other factors are
held constant, how many bubbles should be produced in Tube 3 after
4 minutes?
A
B
C
D
20
24
27
36
Phylum
Characteristics
Porifera
Asymmetrical, numerous pores, lacks tissues and organs
Annelida
Long segmented body, bilaterally symmetrical
Mollusca
Soft body consisting of foot, visceral mass, and mantle
Arthropoda
Segmented body, jointed legs, exoskeleton
This animal most likely belongs to phylum ---
A
B
C
D
Porifera
Annelida
Mollusca
Arthropoda
2C
Bio
B
11/04
2C Bio
B
At which temperature do KBr and KNO3 have the same solubility?
A
B
C
D
27oC
48oC
65oC
80oC
2D Bio
A
10-04
The table shows environmental factors and soybean production for three regions.
Which of the following probably accounts for the decrease in soybean yield in Region 1?
A
B
C
D
High levels of ozone damaged the soybeans plants, decreasing the average yield.
Low rainfall amounts failed to meet the plants’ moisture needs and inhibited grow.
Poor mineral levels found in the soil in that region limited soybean harvest.
Higher-than-normal rainfall increased pest activity, decreasing the average yield.
2D
Bio
D
10/03
In an investigation 10,000 dung beetles were
examined for the presence of parasites. The data
showed that about 5% of the beetles had parasites.
The results are --A invalid because only dung beetles were examined
B unsupported because the parasite population was
small
C erroneous because more beetles should have
had parasites
D valid because the sample size was sufficient for
accuracy
The graph compares absenteeism
of elementary school students
who wash their hands properly
with absenteeism of students
who fail to wash their hands
properly. Which inference could
best be supported by these data?
A Proper hand-washing may
increase attendance among
elementary school students.
B Older students have developed
better hand-washing habits
than younger students.
C Some elementary school
classes teach correct handwashing methods to students.
D Improper hand-washing is a
common practice among most
elementary school students.
2D
Bio
A
11/06
2D Bio
A
10/06
A Student prepared this graph of tornadoes reported
over a 50-year period in a mid-western state. Which
statement is supported by these data?
A. Tornadoes are less frequent in the morning.
B. Darkness increases the strength of tornadoes.
C. Tornadoes occurring at night are brief.
D. The probability of a tornado is the same throughout the day.
2D
Bio
A
11/06
The pictures show a 10-newton block of wood being used to
demonstrate how this instrument measures pressure.
According to these data, the pressure of the block is a
measure of the block’s --A
B
C
D
weight distributed over an area
density along each face
mass per unit of volume
change in inertia
2D
Bio
11/06
After 15 minutes the food coloring in
Beaker A is evenly spread
throughout the beaker, while beaker
B contains a thin layer of food
coloring only at its bottom. These
observations support the theory that
convection currents in a fluid form
more quickly if the fluid has ---
2D
Bio
A
11/06
These observations support the
theory that convection currents in a
fluid form more quickly if the fluid
has --A warmer layers at the bottom
B a covering on its surface
C reduced pressure on the bottom
D contact with a cooler surface
Trade winds blow from east to west across
the Pacific Ocean. The winds move
surface waters westward across the ocean.
This causes deeper, colder water to rise to
the surface along the coast. This upwelling
of deep ocean waters brings with it
nutrients that would otherwise lie near the
bottom of the ocean.
Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
A
B
C
D
Trade winds help maintain some food chains.
Trade winds produce useful minerals in some oceans.
Trade winds can reverse parts of the water cycle.
Trade winds may be able to reduce greenhouse gases.
2D
Bio
A
10/05
2D Bio
C 11/06
Boyle’s law gives the relationship between
the pressure and volume of a gas if the
temperature and mass of the gas are held
constant:
• If the volume of the gas is increased, the
pressure of the gas decreases.
• If the volume of the gas is decreased,
the pressure of the gas increases.
What can be concluded from the relationship described
above?
A Gas molecules travel longer distances at greater speeds
when the volume of the gas is decreased.
B A gas is more likely to lose kinetic energy when its volume
is reduced.
C Gas molecules collide less frequently when the volume of
the gas is increased.
D A gas is more likely to increase in momentum when its
volume is increased
Location
Corpus Christi
Fort Davis
Lipscomb
Latitude
27o48’N
30o35’N
36o14’N
Longitude
97o24’W
103o54’W
100o16’W
0 (sea level)
1494
728
20
25
22
100.0
95.0
97.6
Elevation (m)
Sanitizing Time (min)
Boiling Point of Water (oC)
2D Bio
B
10/05
11/06
Boiling water can be used to sanitize dishes. The data above
show how sanitizing time varies in different locations. Which
inference is supported by these data?
A
B
C
D
The boiling point of water is constant at higher altitudes.
The boiling point of water is affected by elevation.
Water takes longer to boil at Fort Davis than at sea level.
Boiling water changes temperature at a faster rate at Corpus
Christi than at higher elevations.
2D
Bio
A
11/05
The picture shows the results of a demonstration using the simple water plant Elodea. When
the setup was placed in strong light, a space gradually appeared above the water in the
graduated cylinder containing the plant. The gas in the space above the water was mostly --A
B
C
D
oxygen
carbon dioxide
hydrogen
nitrogen
2D
Bio
D
11/05
A glass is held upside down so that its open end is closed by the water’s surface. Soon air
bubbles begin to escape from the glass. The best explanation for this observation is that --A
B
C
D
water condenses on the glass and escapes as a gas
air in the glass increases the water temperature and causes bubbling
pressurized water vapor rises rapidly and evaporates
air trapped in the glass is warmed and expands in volume
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes
tuberculosis in humans.
• When treated with antibiotics, most M.
tuberculosis bacteria are killed, but
some have genes that allow them to
survive.
• M tuberculosis bacteria that survive the
antibiotic treatment may reproduce.
2D
Bio
D
11/05
Which of the following conclusions is supported by the
information above?
A Antibiotics have intensified the symptoms of M.
tuberculosis infections.
B M. tuberculosis is becoming extinct because of antibiotics.
C Antibiotics have caused M. tuberculosis to reproduce at a
faster rate.
D M. Tuberculosis has developed resistance to antibiotics.
Time
(min)
Mass of Alcohol
and beaker
(g)
0
73.97
5
73.46
10
72.94
20
71.91
30
70.88
40
69.85
Mass of beaker = 59.02 g
These data show how the mass of an undisturbed beaker of
alcohol varied during a class period. Which of the following is
the best conclusion that can be made about the investigation?
A. The beaker absorbed moisture from the air.
B. A chemical change occurred in the beaker.
C. The beaker experienced a change of state.
D. Some material evaporated from the beaker.
2D Bio
D
10/06
2D
Bio
C
11/05
The diagram represents helium gas expanding to fill a larger container. What is the
ratio of the helium gas’s density at the final volume to its density at the initial
volume?
A 1:1
B 4:1
C 1:8
D 1:50
Conclusion: Hearing aids are an
effective way to treat hearing loss.
2D
Bio
C
11/05
A study was conducted to test the effectiveness of hearing aids.
People with different types of hearing loss were included in the
study. Which question would help in determining whether the
conclusion above is valid?
A
B
C
D
What was the average age of the people in the study?
What was the most common occupation of people in the study?
How many people were included in the study?
How many people in the study had vision problems?
2D Bio
A 11/04
The graph shows the relative basal metabolic rates of a field mouse
and an anole (a type of lizard) at different temperatures. According to
this information, the field mouse --A
B
C
D
uses the least energy when the environmental temperature is 30oC
is able to control its body temperature
uses less energy at 20oC than the anole does
is unaffected by environmental temperatures
2D Bio
B
11/05
According to this information, three of these organisms should be placed in
the same kingdom. Which organism should be placed in a different
kingdom?
A
B
C
D
Q
R
S
T
2D
Bio
A
11/04
The graph shows metabolic rates for
two types of fish at different
environmental temperatures. Which of
the following conclusions can be
drawn from these data?
A Fish metabolism responds to
temperature changes.
B Metabolic rates decrease as
environmental temperatures
increase.
C Fish body-temperatures results from
high metabolism.
D Metabolic rates are independent of
environmental temperature.
2D
Bio
B
11/04
A certain commercial product used for cleaning ovens must be
handled with rubber gloves. The product is slippery and turns
litmus paper blue. It probably contains ---
A
B
C
D
an acid
a base
a salt
an isotope
2D
Bio
C 1104
The graph shows the results of a study
testing chemical pesticides on a pest
species common to cotton plants.
Different chemical pesticides were
used in five different areas. According
to these results, which of the following
is the most effective chemical for
controlling this pest species?
A
B
C
D
R
S
T
V
2D Bio
C
10-03
Which conclusion is best supported by these data?
A
B
C
D
Earth’s surface is composed mostly of silicon and calcium.
Oxygen is closer to Earth’s surface than aluminum.
There is more aluminum than calcium at Earth’s surface.
Silicon is much heavier than iron at Earth’s surface.
2D Bio
D
10-03
Ten different types of culture media were inoculated with the same
strain of bacteria and incubated at the same temperature. Nine of
the cultures grew. Which of these conclusions can be drawn from
this information?
A The media used in the experiment are all capable of sustaining
bacterial growth.
B The temperature varied greatly during the experiment.
C Only the culture that failed to grow bacteria was inoculated
properly.
D One of the media lacked the nutrients needed for the bacteria
to grow.
2D
Bio
C
An environmental-science company measured the ozone pollutant levels at two different
locations in a metropolitan area. Which statement is best supported by these data?
A Lower fuel efficiency and northerly winds in the winter increase ozone pollution the
most.
B Northwest winds in the spring transport ozone pollution into the metropolitan area.
C High summer temperatures and southerly winds contribute to high levels of ozone.
D Heavy use of automobiles changes ozone levels the most.
2D Bio
C
Sound Intensity
Source
Intensity
(dB)
Rustling
leaves
20
Library
40
Busy traffic
70
Factory
80
Heavy truck
90
Subway
100
Construction
110
Jet engine
150
Rocket
engine
180
90 dB – Endangers hearing
120 dB – Pain threshold
According to the table, which
workers have the greatest
chance of experiencing
significant hearing loss over
time?
A
B
C
D
Police traffic officers
Shoe-factory workers
Road-construction crews
Library desk clerks
Ten frogs were placed in a large container
with three sections. Each section had equal
amounts of light, shelter, food and water. Each
section was painted a different color: red, green,
or blue. Daily observations were made of the
frogs’ locations for six weeks. These data were
compiled to produce the following frog location
frequencies.
Red area = 31%
Green area = 35%
Blue area = 34%
2D Bio
B
10-03
Which conclusion about the frogs is supported by these data?
A
B
C
D
Four frogs out of ten preferred the green area.
The frogs randomly moved into the colored areas.
Most frogs tended to avoid the red area.
Most frogs preferred the color blue.
3. Scientific Processes
Integrated Physics and Chemistry
•
The student uses critical thinking and scientific
problem solving to make informed decisions.
The student is expected to:
A) analyze, review, [and critique] scientific
explanations, including hypotheses and
theories, as to their strengths and weaknesses
using scientific evidence and information
B) draw inferences based on data related to
[promotional materials for] products and
services
3A
IPC
B
10/04
Clouds are more beautiful on winter
days than on summer days.
This statement is a poor hypothesis because it is not --A a question
B testable
C observable
D a comparison
3A
IPC
A 11/05
The graph compared the acidity of apples stored for 270 days under
different conditions to the acidity of apples that were just harvested. Some
apples were stored at room temperature (20oC), and other apples were
stored at 0.5oC. Some of the apples were treated with MCP, an
antispoilage chemical. According to these data, it can be inferred that --A apples treated with MCP and kept at a low temperature retain acidity
best
B low temperature prevents any loss acidity in stored apples
C apples stored at room temperature are unaffected by treatment with
MCP
D high temperature promotes acid production in stored apples
3A
IPC
C
11/05
Open tray filled
with water
Tray filled with water and
covered by glass plate
Hypothesis: A glass plate covering a tray of water will
keep water molecules from escaping into the atmosphere.
Observation: After one week the open tray was dry, but
water remained in the covered tray.
Which of the following is a strength of this hypothesis?
A
B
C
D
It is more logical than past hypothesis.
It agrees with the opinion of most people.
It can be examined using scientific means.
It challenges the current theory of atoms.
Independent Project
Data
WHAT TIME OF DAY ARE YOU MOST ALERT?
Assumption: The ability to sort playing
cards is an indication of alertness.
Procedure:
1. Shuffle a deck of playing cards four
times
2. Time how long it takes to sort the cards
into the four suits
3. Repeat the activity at the same times for
five days
3A
IPC
C
11/06
Time of Day
Average
Sorting Time
(s)
8:00 A.M.
130
12:00 NOON
105
4:00 P.M.
8:00 P.M.
122
127
Which of the following conclusions is supported by these data?
A
B
C
D
Alertness is directly related to level of distraction.
Shuffling methods can affect alertness.
Alertness levels vary during the day.
Long periods of rest improve alertness.
4B
IPC
11/05
Ancient Greeks and Science
The ancient Greeks developed a set of assumptions,
based on observations to explain how the universe works.
These observations led the Greeks to believe that the
universe was composed of four elements: earth, water,
fire, and air. The “theory of natural place” was based on
their observations of those four elements. The theory
stated that anything not in its natural place would move
toward its natural place as soon as an opportunity arose.
The theory of natural place was the foundation for the
modern understanding of the elements. The following
chart describes some observations and assumptions
made by the ancient Greeks.
Object
Observation
Assumption
Rock
Found in or on the ground; if not on the
ground, rocks move toward it at first
opportunity
Rocks are made of earth and seek the ground,
their natural place.
Water
Flows over land
Water has its natural place on the ground.
Fire
Flames flicker upward; the greater the fire, the
higher the flames
Fire’s natural place is in the heavens, above
the atmosphere.
Air
Blows across the land; if trapped in water,
escapes at first opportunity
Air’s natural place is in the space above the
ground.
Burning
wood
Gives off smoke, heat and ash
Tree limbs are made of fire, earth, and air.
Smoke
Found in fires; if not confined, rises or moves
across the land
Smoke is made of fire and air.
Feather
Floats to the ground
Feathers are made of air and earth.
4B
IPC
D
11/05
Which of these fails to support the idea that water’s natural place
is on the ground?
A
B
C
D
hailstones
rain
waterfalls
clouds
3A IPC
A 10-03
Certain chemicals in the diet of moth larvae seem to
influence the early development of the moths’ wings.
Careful observation of developing pupae could result
in --A
B
C
D
data to verify the hypothesis
changes to the conclusion
a conclusion about the moths’ eggs
development of a new moth species
3A IPC
F 1004
In a movie, meteoroids make several microscopic holes
in a pressurized cabin in the weightless environment of a
spaceship. The astronauts search for the holes by
spraying water droplets from a container. If this were an
actual situation, what effect should be expected?
A The drifting water droplets float to the location of the
holes.
B After falling to the floor, the water forms a stream
leading to the holes.
C The water droplets form a large sphere of water that
moves away from the holes.
D Pumping the trigger on the spray container increases
the air pressure in the cabin.
Watersheds
The San Antonio-Nueces Coastal Basin, shown in the map below, consists mainly of flatland. The soil in the
area is mostly sandy and porous. Rainfall that collects in this area drains into the Gulf of Mexico by a series of
waterways.
3A IPC
D
10/06
The San Antonio-Nueces Coastal Basin is one of more than 20 major watersheds in Texas. A watershed is a
geographic area that drains water collected on its surface. Watersheds provide a way for water to move from areas
of higher elevation to areas of lower elevation. Sediment and dissolved materials are also moved to lower
elevations.
Rivers and streams form a general pattern within a watershed. The map shows this general pattern within the
San Antonio-Nueces Coastal Basin. This type of pattern is called a dendritic pattern and can be observed in many
natural structures, including the network of nerves in the human nervous system and branching patterns in trees.
Watersheds can change as the geography and other features of an area change. Some of the causes of change
are more obvious than others. For example, the clearing of wooded areas for the construction of buildings may
change the way rainfall collects and drains from an area.
Results of a Scientific Study
In natural areas such as forests, about 50% of the rain seeps into
the ground and becomes groundwater. In some large cities only
about 30% of the rain becomes groundwater.
The information above could be used most effectively in
arguing against which of these proposals?
A. Adding chemicals to a local water supply
B. Permitting a water well to be drilled in a state
park
C. Limiting the use of waterways for recreation
D. Paving a meadow to create a parking area
3A IPC
B 1003
As temperature drops to the dew point, clouds form in the
atmosphere, and dew forms on ground surfaces. A
scientist proposes that adding more water molecules to the
atmosphere will change the dew point. This proposal is --A
B
C
D
an invalid observation
a valid hypothesis
an invalid problem
a valid conclusion
The smell of an ammonia solution used to clean a floor can
quickly be detected throughout a house. Scientists explain
this phenomenon by theorizing that gas molecules from the
ammonia are in continuous random high-speed motion,
drifting rapidly and permeating the air. Which statement
best demonstrates the strength of this theory?
A. Scientists have observed tiny smoke particles moved by
unseen particles in a rapid, irregular fashion.
B. Scientists have unanimously agreed on this theory since
Thomas Graham’s experiments in the 1820s.
C. The possibility of another theory being formed to explain
the phenomenon as well is very remote.
D. Reason, as opposed to experimentation, is superior to
any explanation found through chemical testing.
3A
IPC
The smell of an ammonia solution used to clean a floor can
quickly be detected throughout a house. Scientists explain
this phenomenon by theorizing that gas molecules from the
ammonia are in continuous random high-speed motion,
drifting rapidly and permeating the air. Which statement
best demonstrates the strength of this theory?
3A
IPC
A. Scientists have observed tiny smoke particles moved
by unseen particles in a rapid, irregular fashion.
B. Scientists have unanimously agreed on this theory since
Thomas Graham’s experiments in the 1820s.
C. The possibility of another theory being formed to explain the
phenomenon as well is very remote.
D. Reason, as opposed to experimentation, is superior to any
explanation found through chemical testing.
3A
IPC
C 03
An advertisement claims that patients can be cured of
the common cold in 48 hours by vitamin C tablets with
secret mineral supplements. In a scientific experiment
to test these claims, which data can be considered
irrelevant?
A
B
C
D
The amount of vitamin C in each tablet
The severity of the patients’ cold symptoms
The chemical formula for vitamin C
The amount of time before symptoms improve
Research shows that levels of a certain
protein are elevated in the blood of
people with a bacterial infection.
People with a viral infection show only
trace amounts of the protein. The level
of the protein can be determined in
about an hour after a blood test.
3A
IPC
D
11/06
Which of these is a benefit of knowing whether a person
with a respiratory infection has an elevated level of this
protein in the blood?
A
B
C
D
A set of aerobic exercises can be recommended.
A diet of essential nutrients can be recommended.
A decision can be made about whether to take an x-ray.
A decision can be made about whether to use
antibiotics.
3A IPC
D 10/06
Conclusion: Food poisoning by botulism
is increasing in the United States.
The graph shows data for botulism, a form of blood poisoning.
The conclusion in the box is based on these data. Which of the
following is the best reason this conclusion may be unreliable?
A. The greatest number of reported cases was 50.
B. The number of reported botulism cases remained relatively constant
from 1988 to 1995.
C. More botulism cases were reported in the 1980s than in the 1990s.
D. The number of reported botulism cases decreased after 1994.
Variation in Leaf-Dropping Times
Plot
Gases Added to
Surrounding Air
Time
(days)
1
CO2
26
2
O3
3
3
Co2 + O3
mixture
10
4
None (control)
18
The table shows the time it took trees of the same type and size to drop all
of their leaves after being grown in different atmospheres. For the
experiment to be valid, which of these must be a constant for all of the
trees?
A
B
C
D
The height of all the trees during the entire experiment
The amount of water available to all trees during the experiment
The mass of fallen leaves collected from each tree
The rate of photosynthesis in all trees during the experiment
3A
IPC
B
11/06
3B
IPC
B
An herbal company advertises that its product will help people
lose weight if they take a tablespoon of the product with a
glass of water at bedtime each night. Weight loss is
guaranteed if a person does not eat for at least 3 hours before
bedtime, gets moderate exercise, and drinks 8 glasses of
water each day. Why is the company’s claim difficult to verify?
A The company has yet to disclose the identity of its special
herb.
B Numerous uncontrolled variables are involved in evaluating
results.
C Fasting lessens the absorption rate of the herb.
D The advertisement lacks data from before and after weight
loss.
3B
IPC
D
10/06
Which of these is supported by the information above?
A
B
C
D
Pets should be kept away from public parks.
Smokers should get frequent medical checkups.
Pet immunizations should be kept up to date.
Smoking in enclosed places should be discouraged.
3B
IPC
A
10/06
Protein and dietary fiber are beneficial to health. According to
the information in the table, which flour is the most nutritious?
A
B
C
D
Whole wheat
White wheat
Oat
Rice
3B
IPC
B
10/06
Greenhouse emissions from cars may contribute to global
warming. Cars with better gas mileage emit smaller amounts
of greenhouse gases. Which car would emit the least
amount of greenhouse gases if most of the driving were done
on the highway?
A
B
C
D
J
K
L
M
Black-and-White Negatives
2A
Bio
11/06
Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with cameras that
used photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals are silver
halide granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are focused onto
the photographic film. When exposed to light, the halide granules are activated in different
amounts depending on the intensity of the light that strikes them. This forms a photographic
image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film is
placed in a solution that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming black
metallic silver. The black silver is thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the most intense
light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains negative
images of the pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the negatives onto
photosensitive paper, the areas with the thickest silver become the lightest, and the areas with
the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The negative
image represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents the same
image on photo paper.
Black-and-White Negatives
2A
Bio
D
11/06
Before digital cameras were available, photographs could be made only with cameras that used
photographic film. These cameras are still in use today.
Photographic film contains a light-sensitive layer of chemicals. These chemicals are silver halide
granules. As light rays travel through a camera lens, they bend and are focused onto the photographic film.
When exposed to light, the halide granules are activated in different amounts depending on the intensity of
the light that strikes them. This forms a photographic image on the film.
After the pictures are taken, the exposed film is processed in a laboratory. The film is placed in a solution
that reacts chemically with the silver halide granules, forming black metallic silver. The black silver is
thickest in the areas of the film exposed to the most intense light and thinnest in the areas exposed to the
least intense light.
After a roll of film is processed, it is called a negative. This is because it contains negative images of the
pictures that were taken. When light is projected through the negatives onto photosensitive paper, the areas
with the thickest silver become the lightest, and the areas with the thinnest silver become the darkest.
The diagram shows both a negative image and a positive image of a tree. The negative image
represents an image on the negative, and the positive image represents the same image on photo paper.
Which of the following would explain why this film
works with a reduced amount of light?
A The film reflects long wavelengths of
light efficiently.
B Fewer silver halide granules are present
in the film.
C The film refracts brighter light.
D The photochemical reaction can occur in
lower intensity light.
Save Our Species Poster: Black-Footed Ferret
This slender animal depends mainly on prairie dogs for food and shelter. The ferret
lives in prairie dogs’ underground tunnels and
hunts them at night. When prairie dogs
became scarce, so did black-footed ferrets.
In 1986 the 18 ferrets known to be alive were
moved to a Wyoming research institute. The
number of ferrets has increased, and recently
a few were released into managed wildlife areas.
According to the information above, which of these is
responsible for the decrease in the black-footed ferret
population?
A. Competition with prairie dogs for
resources
B. Reduced numbers of prairie dogs
C. Activity of research institutes
D. Development of managed wildlife areas
3B
IPC
B
10/06
PUBLIC SERVICE ANNOUNCEMENT: Facts About the Flu Vaccine
1. The vaccine may be administered either as a nasal spray or as an
injection.
2. Prior to administration, nasal-spray vaccines must be stored at 15oC
or lower.
3. In an experiment, vaccine recipients had 85% fewer flu episodes
than non-recipients.
4. The vaccine virus is heat sensitive and fails to replicate at
temperatures of 38oC – 39oC.
Which statement above makes the most valid
argument in favor of receiving the flu vaccine?
A. Statement 1
B. Statement 2
C. Statement 3
D. Statement 4
3B
IPC
C
10/06
3B
IPC
C
11/06
Horses kept in stables sometimes chew
on wood. This can lead to damage to the
mouth and digestive system. The graph
shows the results of a study of a
medication that prevents horses from
chewing on wood. From the graph, what
inference can be made about the
effectiveness of the product?
A Most horses like the medication.
B The medication is most effective
between Days 4 and 5.
C Most horses will show improvement
within 7 days.
D The effects of the medication are long
lasting.
3B
IPC
D
11/05
Which conclusion about AvexTec is supported by information in this
advertisement?
A AvexTec is available over the counter at local pharmacies and grocery
stores.
B People who take AvexTec every day will seldom experience pain from
migraines.
C Research indicates that AvexTec prevents migraine headaches.
D AvexTec can be prescribed to reduce pain from migraines.
3B
IPC
D
11/06
Which of these would provide the best scientific support for the information
on the label?
A Data that indicates the gender and average age of consumers
B A survey showing that many people prefer pearl calcium
C Records that show few requests for money back
D A controlled study showing the effectiveness of pearl calcium
3B
IPC
A
11/06
The table shows the results of a study testing the effectiveness of an ulcer
medication. Why was one group given a sugar tablet?
A
B
C
D
To include a control group
To have an experimental group
To provide a variety of treatments
To give the body additional nutrients
A to Z Garlic
Guaranteed to lower your cholesterol levels and
promote a healthy heart. See what others are
saying about A to Z Garlic:
Very Good Garlic Extract
A good way to help prevent heart disease, lower “bad”
LDL cholesterol, and raise “good” HDL cholesterol
levels.
“I feel great since starting my new garlic diet!
-Mrs. A Smith
FACTS ABOUT GARLIC
•1000 male volunteers age 50 and above who ate 3
grams of garlic per day in addition to a normal diet for
16 weeks experienced a 20% reduction of cholesterol
in the blood, according to researchers at Metropolitan
University.
•1000 male volunteers age 50 and above who ate a
normal diet for 16 weeks failed to reduce cholesterol in
the blood.
“I started on two tablets a day, and I’m really
seeing a difference. My wife says I look great!”
-Mr. S.
Johnson
“My pulse used to race, but after taking A to Z
Garlic Extract for a month, it’s normal!”
-Mrs. D. Jones
Join those who have found good health with A to
Z products and try A to Z Garlic TODAY!
Call toll-free to find the location of the store
nearest you: 1-800-555-1827
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extraction process ensures that you will get all the
benefits of raw garlic without the odor. Call for a
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1-800-555-1827
Or visit our website at:
www.verygoodgarlic extract.com
A magazine included advertisements for two different garlic supplements to promote healthy
hearts. The advertisement for Very Good Garlic Extract presents evidence that is more valid
because --A
B
C
D
information was gathered in a controlled manner
it lacks a guarantee
it lacks personal testimonials to the product’s effectiveness
information was gathered in more than one country
3B
IPC
A
11/04
3B
IPC
B
11/05
Which of the following makes the effectiveness of this product questionable?
A
B
C
D
The product description is for a simple pendulum.
Many factors can make the paper clip move.
Metal paper clips react with iron and steel objects.
The product must be used while walking in a straight line.
3B
IPC
C
11/04
Which conclusion can reasonably be made about Glycotac based on the
promotional brochure?
A
B
C
D
All people with diabetes can safely use the product.
Glycotac is guaranteed to lower blood sugar in people without health problems.
Using the product may lower blood-sugar levels.
Glycotac eliminates the need to exercise to control high blood pressure.
3B
IPC
A
10-03
Pain medications can be made as powders or
tablets. The powders tend to work faster than
tablets with the same ingredients because
powder --A dissolves faster in solution than a single tablet
B has more total mass than a single tablet
C travels through the bloodstream more easily
than a tablet
D is easier to swallow than tablets
3B IPC
C
10-03
The owner of a pet store assures a customer that if she buys
only one female hamster, she will not need to worry about the
hamster having offspring, because there will be no male with
which the female can breed. What possibility is the pet-store
owner overlooking?
A
B
C
D
The hamster could be infertile.
The sex of the hamster could change.
The hamster could be pregnant.
The hamster could be a twin.
3B
IPC
Many doctors recommend 800 µg of
vitamin B12, and 50 mg of vitamin B6 per
day to improve cardiovascular health.
Based on this information and the
nutrition label, the cardiovascular health
benefit of a 1-ounce serving of this cereal
is --A. Doubtful because it provides insufficient
folate and vitamin B6 and lacks vitamin B12
B. Superb because it contains only 22 g of
carbohydrates and 75 mg of sodium
C. Excellent because it provides all needed
vitamins and is low in fat and cholesterol
D. Poor because it raises blood cholesterol
levels with its high fat and cholesterol
content
3B
IPC
Many doctors recommend 800 µg of
vitamin B12, and 50 mg of vitamin B6 per
day to improve cardiovascular health.
Based on this information and the
nutrition label, the cardiovascular health
benefit of a 1-ounce serving of this cereal
is --A. Doubtful because it provides
insufficient folate and vitamin B6 and
lacks vitamin B12
B. Superb because it contains only 22 g of
carbohydrates and 75 mg of sodium
C. Excellent because it provides all needed
vitamins and is low in fat and cholesterol
D. Poor because it raises blood cholesterol
levels with its high fat and cholesterol
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