Naming Saturated Hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
Straight and Branched Alkanes
Alkanes
At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:
1. Define an alkane
2. Name, write and draw various alkanes using
the IUPAC naming rules
Familiar Sayings
The individual of the class aves, arriving
before the appointed time, seizes the
invertebrate animal of the group vermes.
The early bird catches the worm!
What are Alkanes?
Saturated hydrocarbons
Can be straight or with branches
The general formula for each alkane is:

(CnH2n+2)
Materials in Your Kit
Make certain your kit contains the following in the right
location. If it does not, the previous user will be marked
at least 1 point off their next assignment grade each day
there is a problem. You are to work with the kit assigned
to your lab drawer.
10 black spheres 2 blue spheres 28 yellow spheres 6 red spheres 4 green spheres 2 orange spheres 2 purple spheres -
carbon
nitrogen
hydrogen
oxygen
chlorine
bromine
or fluorine
iodine
\ small side
/
\
\
\ large side
/
/ (all colors
/
together)
Materials in Your Kit
30 small wooden pegs - H bonds only
\
10 large wooden pegs - other single bonds
\
9 metal springs double or triple bonds
/
or stress bonds /
Place all of these materials in
the center section of your kit.
Grading
The first student lab team that has the structure
correct will be initialed by me and receive an
extra one-half point. These students will then
have their names placed on the board and will
be teaching assistants for that organic structure.
They will be responsible to grade and initial the
structures of other lab teams.
Each structure that is designed and named by
you is worth 0.5 points.
It is best if you put your constructions in the
box lid to carry to the instructor or the teaching
assistant for that structure. The following is the
grading criteria:
Grading
1 point
= graded by the instructor and
perfect, this team assists in grading, may have one
1 point grade and assist with only one structure
(RWT with a + )
0.5 points
=
other perfect scores
(RWT or other initials of student assistants)
0.5 points
=
(assistants can only give this)
0 points
= wrong pegs were used
(RWT or other initials of student assistants)
0 points
= 1 mistake in the structure or
wrong name (RWT or other initials of student
assistants)
Calvin’s Thoughts on the Season:
Some Simple Alkanes
(CnH2n+2)
2-methylpropane
Cycloalkanes
Alkanes
Let’s see if you can:
1. Define an alkane
2. Name, write and draw various alkanes using
the IUPAC naming rules
What are Alkanes?
Saturated hydrocarbons
Can be straight or with branches
The general formula for each alkane is:

(CnH2n+2)
Let’s Try Naming Some Models?
Let’s see if you can build some models
yourself??
Grading
1 point
= graded by the instructor and
perfect, this team assists in grading, may have one
1 point grade and assist with only one structure
(RWT with a + )
0.5 points
=
other perfect scores
(RWT or other initials of student assistants)
0.5 points
=
(assistants can only give this)
0 points
= wrong pegs were used
(RWT or other initials of student assistants)
0 points
= 1 mistake in the structure or
wrong name (RWT or other initials of student
assistants)
Alkanes
At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:
1. Define an alkane
2. Name, write and draw various alkanes using
the IUPAC naming rules
The IUPAC Rules
1. Find the longest carbon chain and name that
chain
Example:
Complete
Structure
propane
C-C-C
|
C
Skeletal
Structure
CH3-CH-CH3
|
CH3
Condensed
Structure
The IUPAC Rules
1. Find the longest carbon chain and name that
chain
2. Number the chain so the substituent groups
have the lowest total position numbers
3. Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain
a name and a number
Name Side Chains as Alkyl Groups
Examples:
2-methylpropane
C-C-C
|
C
Complete
Structure
Skeletal
Structure
CH3-CH-CH3
|
CH3
Condensed
Structure
A.P. TEST IN MUSIC
Write a piano concerto. Orchestrate and
perform it with flute and drum. You may
use the flute that you received in third
grade.
The IUPAC Rules
1. Find the longest carbon chain and name that
chain
2. Number the chain so the substituent groups
have the lowest total position numbers
3. Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain
a name and a number
4. Multiple alkyl groups are named alphabetically
5. Multiple groups that are the same: di(2), tri(3),
tetra(4), penta(5), hexa(6)
6. Halogen substituent groups are named “halo”
groups – fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo
7. Put “,” between numbers, “-” between numbers
and letters
Find The Longest Chain
Not pentane!!
Number the Longest Chain so the Substituents have
the Lowest Numbers
Examples:
3-ethylheptane
CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
|
CH3-CH2
2,7-dimethylnonane
CH3-CH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH-CH2-CH3
|
|
CH3
CH3
7th Grade Science Answers
"Mushrooms always grow in damp places and so
they look like umbrellas."
Examples:
4-ethyl-2,4,5-trimethyloctane
CH3
CH3 CH3
|
|
|
CH3--CH--CH2---C---CH--CH2--CH2--CH3
|
CH3-CH2
Examples:
3,3,4,4-tetraethyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylhexane
CH3 CH3
|
|
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3
|
|
|
|
CH3-----C-----C-----C-----C-----CH3
|
|
|
|
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH3
|
|
CH3 CH3
Alkanes
Let’s see if you can:
1. Define an alkane
2. Name, write and draw various alkanes using
the IUPAC naming rules
The n-Alkanes
CH4
home heating
C2H6
alcohol production
gas grills
C3H8
C4H10 flick your bic
C5H12
C6H14
dry cleaners 5-6
C7H16
methane
ethane
kerosene ~ 12
propane
C11H24 undecane
butane
C12H26 dodecane
pentane
C13H28 tridecane
hexane
C14H30 tetradecane
heptane
C15H32 pentadecane
C8H18 gasoline 7-9
octane
motor oil ~ 16
C9H20
nonane
petroleum jelly 20
C10H22
decane
tar ~ 25
wax ~ 40
Give the IUPAC Nomenclature for the
Following:
All are “pentanes”
2-methylpentane
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
3-ethyl-2-methylpentane
Try Naming this One:
Another Why - Maxine
Why isn't the number 11
pronounced onety-one?
The IUPAC Rules
1. Find the longest carbon chain and name that
chain
2. Number the chain so the substituent groups
have the lowest total position numbers
3. Give alkyl groups attached to the longest chain
a name and a number
4. Multiple alkyl groups are named alphabetically
5. Multiple groups that are the same: di(2), tri(3),
tetra(4), penta(5), hexa(6)
6. Halogen substituent groups are named “halo”
groups – fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo
7. Put “,” between numbers, “-” between numbers
and letters
Naming Saturated Hydrocarbons
Aliphatic
Branched Alkanes
Isomers
Isomers of Alkanes
At the conclusion of our time
together, you should be able to:
1. Define an isomer
2. Name, write and draw various isomers of
alkanes using the IUPAC naming rules
Definition:
Isomers are organic compounds that have
the same formula but different structure.
These structures will have completely
different properties.
Examples of Isomers of Butane:
All Compounds are C4H10
butane
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
1,1-dimethylethane
CH3
|
CH3-CH
|
CH3
2-methylpropane
CH3-CH-CH3
|
CH3
2-methylpropane
Familiar Sayings
Compute not your immature gallinaceans
prior to their being produced.
Don’t count your chickens before they’re
hatched!!
Examples of Isomers of Pentane:
All Compounds are C5H12
pentane
CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH3
2,2-dimethylpropane
CH3
|
CH3-C-CH3
|
CH3
2-methylbutane
CH3-CH-CH2-CH3
|
CH3
What about
3-methylbutane?
Bill Gates' Rules
Here is a list of 11 things that many high school and
college graduates did not learn in school. In his book,
Bill Gates talks about how feel-good, politicallycorrect teachings created a full generation of kids
with no concept of reality and how this concept has
set them up for failure in the real world.
RULE 11
Be nice to nerds. Chances are you'll end up
working for one.
Isomers of Alkanes
Let’s see if you can:
1. Define an isomer
2. Name, write and draw various isomers of
alkanes using the IUPAC naming rules
Give the IUPAC Nomenclature for the
Following:
All are “pentanes”
2-methylpentane
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
3-ethyl-2-methylpentane