Bamboo space structure
Double Layer Bamboo
structure during test
Shear failure of the bamboo
joint
Bamboo reinforced concrete slabs
with permanent shutter forms
Permanent shutter bamboo
Permanent shutter bamboo
working as tensile reinforcement with full diaphragm shear
connector
Permanent shutter bamboo slab
before testing
Push-Out test
Bamboo reinforced concrete
columns and torsion test
Circular
column
Square
bamboo
Treated
bamboo
Treated
bamboo
Torsion and Flexo-torsin
experimental set up
Wall construction using plastered
bamboo grid.
PROTECTION OF BAMBOO
COMPONENTS
Bamboo is non-durable in its natural state. It
provides a ready food source for insects and
fungi, and can decay in less than a year in direct
ground contact. Protection is therefore essential
to ensure the longest possible life for the
material, and the building in which it is used.
Protection does not necessarily mean chemical
treatment. The first line of defense (post
harvesting) is good design.
principles:
• Keeping the bamboo dry
• Keeping the bamboo out of ground contact
• Ensuring good air circulation
• Ensuring good visibility
Large roof overhangs prevent direct wetting of
walls in heavy and driving rain, and drainage
channels and/or gutters can be used to discharge
water a safe distance from the building.
Preparation of bamboo
material.
Some of the craft works
.
Construction process of shelter 1.
Elevations of shelter 1.
An experimental house constructed in
1973
A unique Bamboo tree house.
Bamboo house with thatch roof.
An experimental house with bamboo
strips constructed during 1973.
Roof structure
Promotion of bamboo houses
PREFABRICATED HOUSE
Corrugated sheet
Reference book:
Reduction of energy consumption in
the building industry:
• Since energy consumption in the building
industry is closely connected to the use
of materials, reduced materials use is
critical.
The following are additionally important:
• Decentralized production reduces
transport and is especially appropriate
with local materials.
• Use of highly efficient sources of
energy.
-best to avoid electricity and instead
use production methods , rotational
power being an example.
• Use of local sources of energy.
- The shorter the distance between the
power station and the user, the
smaller the amount of energy lost in
distribution.
• Use of energy-efficient production
technologies.
• Use of low-energy products.
-Several studies have indicated that
the embodied energy in conven tional
buildings can be reduced by 15 to 20%
by choosing low energy products
(Thormark, 2007).
• Natural drying out of the building.
-There is a lot to be gained by
choosing quick drying materials – brick
rather than concrete, for example –
and by letting the building dry out
naturally during the summer season.
• Use of building techniques that favor
recycling. Many building materials
have used a great deal of energy
during manufacture.
Reference book:
The Ecology of Building Materials
The earth’s resources are usually
defined as being ‘renewable’ or
‘non-renewable’.
The renewable resources
• Are those that can be renewed
or harvested regularly, such as
timber for construction from
natural resources and are
replaced by natural processes
and forces of the natural
environment.
Non-renewable resources
• are those that cannot be
renewed through harvesting,
• e.g. iron ore, or that renew
themselves very slowly, e.g.
crude oil.
• Many of these are seriously
limited – metals and oil are
the most exploited, but in
certain regions materials
such as sand and aggregates
are also becoming rare.
None- renewable Resource
• is a natural resource which
cannot be produced, grown,
generated, or used on a scale
which can sustain its
consumption rate, once
depleted there is no more
available for future needs.
Renewable resources
• such as the movement of water
(hydropower, tidal power and wave
power from ocean surface waves), wind
(used for wind power), geothermal heat
(used for geothermal power); and
radiant energy (used for solar power)
are practically infinite and cannot be
depleted.
Hydropower, hydraulic power or water power
that is derived from the force or energy of moving
water, which may be harnessed for useful
purposes.
Tidal energy, is a form of hydropower tha
converts the energy of tides into usefu
forms of power - mainly electricity.
• Wave power is the transport of
energy by ocean surface waves, and
the capture of that energy to do
useful work — for example,
electricity generation, water
desalination, or the pumping of
water (into reservoirs). Machinery
able to exploit wave power is
generally known as a wave energy
converter (WEC).
The wave and wind energy
Pelamis prototype machine
at EMEC, Scotland in 2004.
Wave and wind energy device
Poseidon 37 outside Onsevig,
Denmark.
• With the Wave Dragon wave energy
converter large wing reflectors focus
waves up a ramp into an offshore
reservoir. The water returns to the ocean
by the force of gravity via hydroelectric
generators.
• Wind power is the conversion of
wind energy into a useful form
of energy, such as using wind
turbines to make electricity,
windmills for mechanical power,
windpumps for water pumping
or drainage, or sails to propel
ships.
Wind power, as an alternative to fossil fuels,
is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean,
and produces no greenhouse gas emissions
during operation.
Geothermal electricity is electricity
generated from geothermal energy.
Larderello Geothermal Station, Krafla Geothermal Station in
in Italy
northeast Iceland
Solar energy
• Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the
sun, has been harnessed by humans since
ancient times using a range of ever-evolving
technologies. Solar radiation, along with
secondary solar-powered resources such as
wind and wave power, hydroelectricity and
biomass, account for most of the available
renewable energy on earth. Only a minuscule
fraction of the available solar energy is used.
• Solar powered electrical generation relies
on heat engines and photovoltaics. Solar
energy's uses are limited only by human
ingenuity. A partial list of solar
applications includes space heating and
cooling through solar architecture, potable
water via distillation and disinfection,
daylighting, solar hot water, solar cooking,
and high temperature process heat for
industrial purposes.To harvest the solar
energy, the most common way is to use
solar panels.
Two types of solar techniques
• Active solar techniques include the use
of photovoltaic panels and solar
thermal collectors to harness the
energy. Passive solar techniques
include orienting a building to the Sun,
selecting materials with favorable
thermal mass or light dispersing
properties, and designing spaces that
naturally circulate air.
Nellis Solar Power Plant in the United States, one of the
largest photovoltaic power plants in North America.
Darmstadt University of Technology in Germany won the
2007 Solar Decathlon in Washington, D.C. with this passive
house designed specifically for the humid and hot
subtropical climate
Greenhouses like these in the Westland municipality of
the Netherlands grow vegetables, fruits and flowers
Applications of solar technology
• Architecture and urban planning
-Sunlight has influenced building design since
the beginning of architectural history
- solar lighting, heating and ventilation
systems in an integrated solar design
package
- Active solar equipment such as pumps, fans
and switchable windows can complement
passive design and improve system
performance.
Passive solar building design
• In passive solar building design, windows,
walls, and floors are made to collect, store,
and distribute solar energy in the form of
heat in the winter and reject solar heat in
the summer. This is called passive solar
design or climatic design because, unlike
active solar heating systems, it doesn't
involve the use of mechanical and
electrical devices.
Passive solar building design - Elements of passive solar
design, shown in a direct gain application
oculus at the top of the Pantheon, in Rome, Italy have
been in use since antiquity
Water heating - Solar hot water and Solar
combisystem. Solar water heaters facing the Sun to
maximize gain.
conditioning. of Massachusetts Institute of Technology in
the United States, built in 1939, used seasonal thermal
storage for year-round heating.
Small scale solar powered sewerage
treatment plant
Sustainable urban design and innovation:
Photovoltaic ombrière SUDI is an autonomous and mobile station that
replenishes energy for electric vehicles using solar energy
More innovations:
The Solar Bowl in Auroville, India, concentrates sunlight on a
movable receiver to produce steam for cooking
Concentrated solar powerworking fluid is heated by the concentrated sunlight, and is then used for
power generation or energy storage.
Solar vehicles
Australia hosts the World Solar Challenge where
solar cars like the Nuna3 race through a
3,021 km (1,877 mi) course from Darwin to
Adelaide.
Helios UAV in solar powered flight.- The solar-electric Helios Prototype flying wing
is shown over the Pacific Ocean during its first test flight on solar power from the U.S.
Navy's Pacific Missile Range Facility on Kauai, Hawaii, July 14, 2001.
Clean technology • includes recycling, renewable energy
(wind power, solar power, biomass,
hydropower, biofuels), information
technology, green transportation,
electric motors, green chemistry,
lighting, Greywater, and many other
appliances that are now more energy
efficient
A project that is developed with concern for climate
change mitigation (such as a Kyoto Clean Development
Mechanism project) is also known as a carbon project.
• Silicon Valley- is a term which refers to
the southern part of the San Francisco Bay
Area in Northern California in the United
States. The region is home to many of the
world's largest technology corporations.
Geographically, the Silicon Valley encompasses all of the
Santa Clara Valley including the city of San Jose (and
adjacent communities), the southern Peninsula, and the
southern East Bay.
A view of downtown San Jose, the self-proclaimed
"Capital of Silicon Valley”
Reference book:
TRANSMATERIAL
• Unlike the artist, who interacts directly
with his or her palette, the architect is
one-step removed from the physical
substance that makes architecture.
• Breeds ignorance about what materials
are available despite the wide variety
available.
Assignment: Research images of the
following components of building
materials:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
ULTRAPERFORMING
MULTIDIMENSIONAL
REPURPOSED
RECOMBINANT
INTELLIGENT
TRANSFORMATIONAL
INTERFACIAL
Reference book:
Reference book:
TRANSMATERIAL
-A catalog of materials, products and
processes that are redefining our
physical environment
Edited by Blaine Brownell | nbbj
Thank you for
listening….
LYMartin
16.09.11