KINGDOM ANIMALIA – Comparing Invertebrates
Name: ________________________________________________________________
Porifera
Representative
Organisms /
Classes
Unique
Features
Level of
Organization
Cnidarians
Sponges
Hydrozoa – Man-o-war
Scyphazoa – jellyfish
Anthozoa – sea
anemonies & corals
Cells: porocytes, collar
cells, spicules,
amebocytes
Cell
Tentacles with
nematocysts
Polyp or medusa form
Tissue
Asymmetrical
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Tubellaria – free living
flat worms
Cestoda – internal
parasitic flatworms
Trematoda – external
parasitic “flukes”
Flame cells & eye spots
Round Worms
Organ
Organ
Bilateral
Bilateral
Triploblastic
Aceolomates
Triploblastc
Pseudoceolomates
Sexual dimorphism
Germ Layers
None
Radial (Simplest to have
body symmetry and
specialized tissue)
Diploblastic
Segmentation
No
No
No
No
NervousCephalization
Response
No nervous system
Produce toxins for
Protection
Nerve Tissues = Nerve
net but no central
collection of nerves
Cephalization:
Ganglia
Simple several several
ganglia
Lack true tissue
Sessile
Hydrostatic skeleton
Cilia muscle cells
Hydrostatic skeleton
Longitudinal muscles
Way of Life
Sessile
Mobile & Sessile
Free living /parasitic
Free-living/parasitic,
decomposers
Habitat
Aquatic
Aquatic
Aquatic & moist
terrestrial
Aquatic & moist
terrestrial
Digestion
Filter feeders
Movement of water
Mouth/Anus with
Gastrovascular cavity
=Sac
Mouth/Anus & intestine
=Sac
Two openings: mouth
and anus joined by an
intestine = tube
Excretion
Movement of water
Diffusion
Diffusion
Flame cells
Diffusion
Circulation
Movement of water
Diffusion
Diffusion
Diffusion
Respiration
Movement of water
diffusion
Diffusion
Diffusion
Reproduction
Sexual or asexual
Internal fertilization
Sexual or asexual
External fertilization
Hermaphrodite: Sexually
Fission: Asexually
Able to regenerate
Dimorphic: Sexually
internal
Body
Symmetry
Skeleton/
Movement
Annelids
Representative Segmented Worms
Organisms / -Polychaeta – aquatic
Classes worms
Oligochaeta – earth
worms
Hirudinea - Leeches
Unique Features Segmentation
Organization
Body Symmetry
Germ Layers
Development
Segmentation
NervousCephalization
Response
Metemerism & Septa
Organ
Bilateral
Triplo-ceolomates
Protostomes
yes
Ventral nerve chord with
specialized sensory
organs in the head region
Skeleton/ Hydrostatic Pressure in
Movement the Ceolom
Way of Life Free-living & Parasitic ,
decomposers
Habitat Aquatic, terrestrial
Digestion Mouth-intestine-anus
=tube with some
specialization of pharynx
& development of crop &
gizzard in some species
Excretion nephridia
Circulation Closed system ***
Dorsal and ventral blood
vessels with heart like
pumps
Respiration Skin, gills, diffusion
Reproduction Sexual, hermaphroditic in
many, external
fertilization & indirect
development
indirect development
with the presence of a
trochophore larva
Mollusks
Bivalves – two shells ie.
Clam, scallop…
Gastropods – snails, slugs
Cephalopods – octopus,
squid… (lost shell, closed
circulation, nervous system
well developed)
Basic body plan = Foot
Mantle and visceral mass
Organ
Bilateral
head-foot: sensory organs
and muscles
visceral mass: organs
mantle: secretes the shell (if
there is one), cavity contains
gills or lungs
Triplo-ceolomates
Protostomes
No
Simple in Bivalvia and
gastropoda
Complex in Cephalopods
-ventral nerve cords,
-sensory organs
-Secrete mucus –
gastropoda
-Jet propulsion –
cephalopods & bivales
Arthropods
Echinoderms
Crustacea – crab, crayfish
-aquatic – cephalothorax &
abdomen – 8 walking legs
– tail fans - gills
Arachnida – spiders –
terrestrial – cephalothorax
& abdomen – 8 walking
legs-book lungs
Insecta - insects
Most diverse of all animal
-Jointed appendages
Organ
Bilateral
-3 parts-head, thorax,
abdomen (fused head &
thorax = cephalothorax)
Starfish – Sea Urchins –
Sea cucumbers
Triploblastic ceolomates
Protostomes
yes
Well developed with brain
and ganglia in head
Triplo-ceolomates
Deuterostomes
yes
Simple nervous system
and no brain & no head
-ventral nerve chords
-complex sensory organs
Hard external skeleton
made of chitin – molt/shed
to grow
Nerve ring
Free living herbivores and
carnivores, also some filter
feeders
Aquatic and terrestrial but
generally moist
complete with regional
specialization
-Radula: a tongue-like organ
bearing rows of teeth that is
used in feeding (scraping,
drilling, etc.)
All – free-living parasitic,
herbivore, carnivore,
detrivore, filter feeders
All aquatic and All
terrestrial
Complete digestive tract
(mandible-chewing or
proboscis- sucking)
most have kidneys
(metanephridia)
-open circulatory system (in
most classes)-heart and
blood sinuses
-closed system in
cephalopods bc large & v.
mobile
mainly gills, however
terrestrial species have
evolved lungs
monoecious and dioecious
usually internal fertilization
indirect development with
the presence of a
trochophore larva (link to
annelids)
Malpighiam tubules and
green glands
Open circulatory system
with a more advanced
heart and sinuses
**limits arthropods size
Beleiveed to be closest
related to Chordates
because early development
of larva are the same &
internal skeletons
Spiny skin
Water vascular system
organ
5 part Radial
Oral surface – mouth
Aboral surface - back
Water vascular System
-madreporite to ring canal
to tube feet, hydraulic
pump system
Internal Skeleton
All aquatic!!! Herbivores
Carnivores, detritus and
filter feeders
ALL aquatic
None terrestrial
Complete without
specialization
Carnivore starfish flip
stomach inside out and
digest prey with enzymes
before ingesting
Solid waste via anus
Ammonia via tube feet
Open Circ. System
Tracheal Tubes(insects),
book Gills(aquatic), Book
lungs (spiders)
Separate sexes
Internal fertilization
Through tube feet or gills
Incomplete metamorphosis
= egg– nymph-adult
External fertilization
Male and female or
hermaphrodites
Can regenerate
Complete metamorphosis
= egg, larva, pupa, adult