Chapter 2
Section 1
THE SPANISH CLAIM
A NEW EMPIRE
 Spanish make land
claims in Americas
 Conquistadores
(Spanish explorers)
 Gold & Silver
 Central American to
South America
 Destroyed Native
communities
 Spain gains wealth
(1500s)
CORTES SUBDUES
THE AZTEC
 Hernan Cortes lands in
Mexico
 Gold! Gold! Gold!
 Welcomed at first
 Cortes turns on
Montezuma (Mexican
leader)
 Cortes is ousted, kill
Montezuma
 Disease will destroy Aztecs
EXPLORING
FLORIDA
 Juan Ponce de Leon
 Lands in Florida,
1513
 Spanish abandon
Florida
 French claim Florida
 Spanish regain
interest in FL
 Oust French by force
SETTLING THE
SOUTHWEST
 1540-Francisco Vasquez
de Coronado
 Explores the area of AZ,
NM, TX OK and KS
 Native population falls
 Congregaciones:
Converting Natives to
Catholic
SPANISH RESISTANCE
 Tension between
Natives and Spanish
 Pope: Native
American leader
 Pope punished for
beliefs
 His followers rebel
 Spanish run out of
New Mexico
Section 2
ENGLISH
COLONIZATION
 1606 – King James I
grants charters
 Virginia Company of
London
 Wealth and fortune
 Arrive on Virginia
coast
 New settlement:
Jamestown
A DISASTOROUS START
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John Smith: Leader of VA Co.
Unprepared, Greed
Energy put on Gold ONLY
Smith warned, nobody listened
Disease, hunger ruin start
Colonist die quickly
Chief Powhatan aides Smith
Jamestown begins to grow
Smith burned in accident
Smith returns to England
Jamestown disintegrates
Powhatan, fearful, kills colonists’
livestock
 Famine sets in
“BROWN GOLD”
 New English settlers
arrive
 New leaders have a
plan, organized
 Colony rises
 Valuable crop: Tobacco
 John Rolfe’s experiment
 High demand for
tobacco
 Colony now flourishes
NEEDED LABOR
 Laborers are needed to
plant tobacco
 Headright System(1618):
50 acres of land plus 50
acres to families
 Immigration rises
 Indentured Servants: most
immigrants become to gain
entrance to New World
 4-7 yrs service exchanged
for food, shelter
SETTLERS vs. NATIVES
 English wanted Natives off
the land
 Burned Powhatan villages
 Chief Powhatan’s daughter,
Pocahontas, is kidnapped
 She married John Rolfe,
peace was near
 Powhatan decides to rid
the colonists
 Slaughters hundreds of
colonists
 Virginia becomes a royal
colony
BACON’S REBELLION
 Native American and Frontier
colonists
 Frontiersmen want support
 William Berkeley (VA
Governor) refused
 Nathaniel Bacon, a
frontiersmen, raises an army
 Bacon protests Berkeley
 Bacon and his men attack
Jamestown
 Bacon dies shortly after
 Berkeley returns, rids
frontiersmen
Section 3
PURITANS AND
PILGRIMS
 Puritans wanted free of
Catholic church traditions
 Believed in Faith, Prayer,
Bible
 John Winthrop leads them
 Wanted to build model
society
 Separatists wanted to keep
some Catholic church
traditions
 Founded Plymouth Colony
(1620)
MASSACHUSETTS BAY
COLONY
 Winthrop gains land
grant, charter
 Thousands follow from
England
 Planning helped colony
flourish
 Great Migration, 1630-40
 20,000 migrate to MA
Bay Colony
 “City Upon a Hill”
THE FOUNDING OF
PROVIDENCE
 Roger Williams
 Banished from MA Bay
Colony
 Went against Puritan
beliefs
 Williams fled in 1636
 Est. Colony of Providence
 Guaranteed: Separation of
church and state…
 Promised religious
freedom
NATIVE AMERICAN
RESISTENCE
 Thousands of white
settlers arrive in New
England
 Natives already claim land
 Brutal fighting will occur
 LAND and RELIGION
 Whites claimed land theirs
 Natives said it belonged to
nobody
 No agreement could be
reached
PEQUOT WAR (1637)
 Colonists align with
Narragansett tribe
 Enemy of Pequot tribe
 Pequot nation virtually
destroyed
 Men, women and
children massacred
 Narragansett even
asked colonists to stop
KING PHILIP’S WAR (1675)
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40 years of peace…
Tension still exists
Colonial population: 50,000
Natives depended on colonists
Wampanoag chief Metacom had
enough
Colonists called him King Philip
Organized tribal alliance
Intense fighting erupts
Hit-and-run tactics
Burning colonial villages
Food shortages, disease, slow
Natives
Both populations suffer extreme
casualties
Section 4
NEW NETHERLAND
 Dutch settle in New Netherland
 Henry Hudson: employed by
Dutch
 Dutch est. fur trade w/ Iroquois
 Built trading posts along
Hudson River
 Dutch colonize New Netherland
 Expand thriving fur trade
 Dutch expand settlement,
claims
 Fur trade expands to Delaware
River
A DIVERSE
COLONY
 Colony slow to attract
people
 Variety of people arrive
 German, French,
Scandinavian
 Africans, free and
enslaved
 Religious tolerance
 Friendlier relations w/
N.A.
 Traded with instead
 Kept peace with Iroquois
ENGLISH TAKEOVER
 English colony split by Dutch
 James, Duke of York
 Permission from King
Charles II to drive out Dutch
 James arrives with huge
fleet
 Dutch governor surrenders
(no gunfire)
 James is new proprietor
 Renames colony New York
 James gives friends land
 Name it New Jersey (British
island Jersey)
PENN’S WOODS
 English want expansion
of empire
 King Charles II has
debts
 William Penn’s father
gets land
 Gives it to son
 Pennsylvania colonized
 Acquires more land:
Delaware
THE QUAKERS
 Believed in God’s
“inner light”
 No formal ministers
 Anyone could speak
 Dressed plain
 Refused military
 Disliked by Puritans
 Est. “City of Brotherly
Love”
 Philadelphia (Capital)