RHETORICAL DEVICES
Daily Starter 23
“Life is like a coin. You can spend it any way you wish,
but you can only spend it once”
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2.
What does the quote mean?
How can you personally relate to it?
SAT Vocabulary 7
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Cajole (v) to urge; coax
Clemency (n) mercy
Demure (adj) quiet, modest; reserved
Hapless (adj) unlucky
Iniquity (n) wickedness or sin
Neophyte (n) someone who is young or inexperienced
Rescind (v) to take back; repeal
Vex (v) to annoy; confuse
Surmise (v) to infer with little evidence
Precocious (adj) advanced; developing ahead of time
Rhetoric
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Rhetoric (n) the art of effective or persuasive speaking
or writing.
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When taking a position on a topic, one presents their
argument.
According to Aristotle, rhetoric is "the ability, in each
particular case, to see the available means of
persuasion."
He described three main forms of rhetoric:
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Ethos
Logos
Pathos
Ethos
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Ethos (Credibility), or ethical appeal, means convincing
by the character of the author
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(Greek for 'character') refers to the trustworthiness or
credibility of the writer or speaker.
Conveyed through tone and style of the message and
through the way the writer or speaker refers to
differing views
Can be based on:
the writer's reputation
 his or her expertise in the field
 his or her previous record or integrity
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Pathos
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Pathos (Emotional) means persuading by appealing to
the reader's emotions
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(Greek for 'suffering' or 'experience') is often associated
with emotional appeal.
An appeal to pathos causes an audience not just to
respond emotionally but to identify with the writer's
point of view
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feel what the writer feels
most common way of conveying a
pathetic appeal is through
narrative or story
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Logos
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Logos (Logical) means persuading by the use of
reasoning
Logos (Greek for 'word') refers to:
 the
clarity of the claim
 the logic of its reasons
 the consistency
 the effectiveness of its supporting evidence.
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The impact of logos on an audience is sometimes
called the argument's logical appeal.
The Shorthand Version
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Ethos: the source's credibility, the speaker's/author's
authority
Logos: the logic used to support a claim (induction
and deduction); can also be the facts and statistics
used to help support the argument.
Pathos: the emotional or motivational appeals;
vivid language, emotional language and numerous
sensory details.
My claim: All individuals who receive a college
education will have a successful future.
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Ethos: (SHOW that YOU know what YOU are talking about!) I
graduated the University of Pembroke in North Carolina and I have
been an English teacher for 4 years. I have purchased my own
home, have medical, dental, and life insurance, and am able to
enjoy life’s pleasures with ease.
Logos: (PROVE IT!) “Information from the U.S. Census Bureau 2009
report reinforces the value of a college education: workers 25 and
over with a bachelor's degree earn an average of $58,762 a year,
while those with a high school diploma earn $32,812” (University of
Maryland).
Pathos: (Make me FEEL IT!) Think of your future and understand that
you and your future children deserve financial success. As Americans
we are entitled to a life of happiness as our soldiers from every
generation since George Washington’s reign have fought for it.
My Claim: Preschool children need adequate
sleep to properly learn and to socialize well
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Ethos: (Show that YOU know what YOU are talking about) As a
preschool teacher and parent, I have experienced many melt-downs
from preschoolers who are over tired and refuse to participate in
class. These children often lash out at other children because they
are tired and grumpy.
Logos: (Prove It!) Sleep deprivation can lead to fatigue, learning
and concentration difficulties and accidents. Children who do not get
enough sleep may display symptoms including moodiness, tantrums
and hyperactive behavior. (Better Health)
Pathos: (Make me FEEL it!) If parents want their children to succeed,
they must ensure they get adequate sleep. Children who lack sleep
are in danger of becoming targeted by their peers because of poor
behavior and labeled with attention deficit disorders and possibly
prescribed medications.
Daily Starter 24
“You miss 100% of the shots you don’t take” –Wayne
Gretzky
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2.
What does the quote mean?
How can you personally relate?
Be Aware
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Thesis Statement due Wed.
Voc 7 Maps – due Thurs
Current Event 7 – due Fri
Oral Quiz Voc 7 – Fri
Character Essay – due Mon 17th
Progress Reports (100 pts)
America in the 1800s
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Age of American Enlightenment
 Roughly
dated 1765-1815
 Key events beforehand
 Unique – revolutionary aspect
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European Enlightenment
 People
became philosophers
 Focus less on religion and rulers
 Focus more on the rights of individuals
Problems with Rulers
Why the Delay in America?
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America had enjoyed life unchecked
Britain’s Role
 Investor
 Protector
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French Seven Year War
 Britain
incurred huge debts
 Entitled to repayment
 Navigation Act, Stamp Act, Sugar Act, Coercive Acts
 Enforcement was difficult
Give Me Liberty, or Give Me Death
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Given by Patrick Henry March 23, 1775
 Speech
before the second Virginia convention
 Response to the increasingly oppressive British rule
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Pages 147-149
Note: ethos, pathos, logos
Discuss motivational appeals
Found Poem
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Use Patrick Henry’s speech to find a poem
You will need to find ethos, pathos, and logos
Find words or phrases within the text and form a poem
Phrases MUST be kept in the same order they are
found
Poem must be 15 lines
5 ethos, 5 pathos, 5 logos (keep these grouped
together)
Poem must be titled (something relevant to you!
Daily Starter 25
“The only person you are destined to become is the
person you decide to be” – Ralph Waldo Emerson
1. What does the quote mean?
2. How can you personally relate?
Today
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Vocabulary maps
Grammar Journals
Sojourner Truth
Introductory clauses
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Must be followed by a comma
Usually adverbial (why, when, how)
Sentence – The dog ran under the porch.
When the car backfired, the dog ran under the
porch.
After the gun shot, the dog ran under the porch.
To avoid the rain, the dog ran under the porch.
Tucking its tail, the dog ran under the porch.
With a sudden jolt, the dog ran under the porch.
The Possibilities are Endless
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However, the dog ran under the porch.
If the door slams, the dog ran under the porch.
Although the cat stood it ground, the dog ran under
the porch.
Other introductory words:
 Because,
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since, yes, no, as, while, therefore, etc.
Yes, the dog ran under the porch.
Therefore, the dog ran under the porch.
Anaphora
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Anaphora (Rhetoric) the repetition of a word or
phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.
As a literary device, anaphora serves the purpose
of furnishing artistic effect to the passages of prose
and poetry.
As a rhetorical device, it is used to appeal to the
emotions of the audience in order to persuade,
inspire, motivate and encourage them.
Example
“A Tale of Two Cities” by Charles Dickens starts with
following lines:
“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it
was the age of wisdom, it was the age of
foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the
epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it
was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of
hope, it was the winter of despair.”
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Have you ever been treated unfairly?
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Women were treated unfairly in
1851
“From the cradle to the grave
[woman] is subject to the power and
control of man. Father, guardian, or
husband, one conveys her like some
piece of merchandise over to the
other” Ernestine Rose
 According to the Declaration of
Independence of the United States, all
men are created equal and endowed
with inalienable Rights.
 Voting Concerns
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Women’s Right to Vote
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Women were faced with a long battle
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Rally the cause (Women’s Rights Conventions)
Men felt women should not vote: (Just a few)
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Because they should focus on affairs at home
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Women could not physically compete with men
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Defense of the country
Women indirectly influenced their men
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Education, local charities, etc
Isn’t that good enough-same thing right?
1870-Right to vote cannot be denied because of race
1920-Women gained the right to vote (finally)
Meet Sojourner Truth
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Background p.344
Watch her speech
Stood at 6 ft. tall
 Deep
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Read it
 P.
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strong voice
346
Note any motivational appeals
Rhetorical Questions
Anaphora
Questions to consider
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Does Truth ever directly say women should have
equal rights?
How many times does Truth repeat “and ain’t I a
woman?”
How does this repetition affect the proceeding
statements?
What does Truth mean when she says “If my cup
won’t hold but a pint, and yours holds a quart,
wouldn’t you be mean not to let me have my little
half measure full?”
Address your personal injustices
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Go back to the time when you were treated unfairly
Model a speech after Truth’s that addresses your
injustice
Use ethos, pathos, and logos
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Mark each area
Use a rhetorical question (anaphora) to make your point
Must be one page (double spaced for labeling)
Be prepared to give them in class on Friday
Daily Starter 26
“Life is not measured by the number of breaths we
take, but by the moments that take our breath
away” –Maya Angelou
1.
2.
What does the quote mean?
How can you personally relate?
Be Aware
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Voc Maps 7- due Today.
Oral quiz – Fri
Current Event 7 – Fri (Engrade Link)
Crucible Essay – due Mon
Progress Reports (100 pts)
Truth Speeches – due tomorrow
Be prepared
Breaking Free
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Review
 What
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was happening in America during the 1700s
In 1776, the Second Continental Congress created
a committee to draft a statement declaring
independence from Britain.
 Headed
by Thomas Jefferson
Declaration of Independence
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Turn to page 169
Read intro.
Pair and interpret the grievances
The Break-up
Dear John/Jane,
Over the course of my life, I have realized it is sometimes
necessary to rid myself of negative influences that
hinder my growth as a person and affect my happiness.
Everyone deserves happiness and the opportunity to
evolve as a person. Unfortunately, I realize that our
relationship prohibits both my happiness and growth.
 List of grievances
 Conclusion: What action I plan to take to remedy this
problem.
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Consider for a moment
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How does Jefferson organize the Declaration?
3-parts
Examples of ethos, pathos, logos
Examples of anaphora
Daily Starter 27
“Build your own dreams, or someone else will hire you
to build theirs” – Farrah Gray
1.
2.
What does the quote mean?
How can you personally relate?
Be Aware
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Current Event 7 due today
Character Essay due Monday (Hard copies only)
Today!
Voc 7 quiz
Truth Speeches
Quick Review
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Who delivered “Give Me Liberty, or Give Me Death”
speech?
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When and where did he give it?
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Patrick Henry
March 23, 1775 at the second Virginia convention
What are the three motivational appeals?
What is ethos?
What is pathos?
What is logos?
What is a rhetorical question?
What is anaphora
Speech Assignment:
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Take out a piece of paper, for each speaker:
 Write
the name of each speaker
 Their rhetorical question
 Example of a motivational appeal
 To be turned-in at the end of class.
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Example- John – Do I look like your housekeeper?
Pathos- Felt bad because he has so many chores.
Commercial Appeal
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We are subjected to ethos, pathos, and logos
through advertisements
Commercial Appeal
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Old Spice | The Man Your Man Could Smell Like
Allstate Mayhem Forbiden Apple 2013 Super Bowl Ad
Allstate TV Ad: Back to Basics.
Dannon Oikos Greek Yogurt - The Spill
Budweiser Super Bowl XLVIII Commercial -- Puppy Love
Best Nike Find Your Greatness Commercial - The Jogger
P&Gamble
Cholesterol Prize - Cheerios TV Commercial
Verizon Commercial More Everything Plan 2014
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CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.11-12.7
Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presented in
different media or formats (e.g., visually, quantitatively) as well as in
words in order to address a question or solve a problem.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.CCRA.SL.4
Present information, findings, and supporting evidence such that
listeners can follow the line of reasoning and the organization,
development, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and
audience.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.11-12.6
Determine an author's point of view or purpose in a text in which the
rhetoric is particularly effective, analyzing how style and content
contribute to the power, persuasiveness or beauty of the text.
CCSS.ELA-Literacy.SL.11-12.1.d
Respond thoughtfully to diverse perspectives; synthesize comments,
claims, and evidence made on all sides of an issue; resolve
contradictions when possible; and determine what additional
information or research is required to deepen the investigation or
complete the task.