Wednesday, November 25,
2015
Announcement
• We have a reading test today after break!
• Those of you who have not taken your grammar test from last week…
today is the last chance.
Agenda
• Unit 25
• Reading test after break/ Finish CASAS/ Re-take grammar test
Vocabulary
• Old fashioned (adj)• Device(n)- small invention with a specific purpose
• Multipurpose (adj)- something that has many uses/ purposes
• Combine (v)- to bring together or join
• Function (n)- action, activity or purpose of something
• Major (adj) big/ important reason
1. Do you have a multipurpose device in your bag/ backpack? What
functions does it have?
2. What is a major reason you have your phone?
3. Will you combine families for Thanksgiving dinner?
Reading
• Exercises A and B
Unit 25 Reading questions
1. What did people use smart phones for when they first came out?
2. What other uses do they have?
Small group discussion
1. The article says smart phones have two drawbacks- their cost and
the fact that people expect you to be reachable all the time. How
important do you think these drawbacks are?
2. Can you think of any others?
3. The article says phones are getting smarter and smaller all the time.
What do you think smart phones will be like in 5 years?
After you read
• Exercises A and B.
• The smart phone is a ___________ ____________ that ___________
many ___________.
Grammar Chart
• Anna uses her cell phone to make calls.
• She wants to buy a smart phone to connect to the Internet.
• She asked for advice in order not to buy the wrong phone.
•
•
•
•
•
•
What does Anna use her cell phone for?
(to make calls)
Why does Anna want to buy a smart phone?
(to connect to the Internet)
Why did Anna ask for advice?
(in order not to buy the wrong phone/ because she doesn’t wan tot but the
wrong phone)
Grammar chart
• We use the infinitive to express the purpose of the action.
• Anna uses her cell phone to make calls.
• She wants to buy a smart phone to connect to the Internet.
• She asked for advice in order not to buy the wrong phone
•
•
•
•
How do you form the infinitive of purpose?
(to + base form of the verb)
How do you express a negative purpose?
(in order not to + base form of verb)
Grammar charts – infinitives after adjectives
and adverbs
• Some smart phones are easy to use.
• He ran fast to win the race.
• Name the adjective and the adverb.
• (fast and easy)
• Name the infinitives that follow the adjective and the adverb.
• (to use/ to win)
• Infinitives can be used after adjectives and adverbs.
Grammar chart – Too + adjective + infinitive
• My smartphone is too difficult to use.
• Smart phones are too expensive for many people to afford.
• Name the adjectives in each example.
• (difficult/ expensive)
• Name the infinitives.
• (to use/ to afford)
• 1st example: Can the person use the smart phone?
• (no)
• 2nd example: Can many people afford smart phones?
• (no)
• How can you show that something is not possible with an infinitive with too?
• Too + adjective + infinitive or
• Too + adjective + for + noun (or pronoun) + infinitive
Grammar chart- adjective+ enough + infinitive
• Smart phones are small enough to fit inside your pocket.
• A cell phone is cheap enough for me to buy.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Name the adjectives in each example.
Name the infinitives.
1st example: Does a smartphone fit inside your pocket?
(yes)
Can the person buy a cell phone?
(yes)
How can you show that something is possible with an infinitive with enough.
Adjective + enough + infinitive or adjective + enough + for+ pronoun (or noun) + infinitive
• Too is followed by an ___________ or an ____________.
• Enough is preceded by an__________ or an ____________.
• Too + adjective / adverb + (for + noun) + infinitive
• Adjective/ adverb + enough + (for + noun) + infinitive
Adverbs with too or enough and infinitives
1.
2.
3.
4.
He worked too slowly to finish on time.
She spoke too quickly for me to understand.
He worked hard enough to finish on time.
She spoke clearly enough for me to understand.
Name the adverbs in the examples.
Name the infinitives.
How can you show that something is not possible with an infinitive with too?
(too + adverb + infinitive)
(Too +adjectives + for + pronoun (or noun) + infinitive)
How can you show that something is possible with an infinitive with enough
(adverb + enough + infinitive
Adverb + enough + for + pronoun (or noun) + infinitive)
Note 1
• Why did Jane go to the mall?
• To buy a gift.
• The infinitive (to buy) expresses the purpose of an action (why Jane
went to the mall).
• In conversation we can use an incomplete sentence beginning with to
to express a purpose.
• Why did Jane go to the mall?
• TO buy a gift and book a ticket.
• We do not repeat to to give more than one purpose.
Note 2
• He asked for advice in order to make the right choice.
• He wrote it down in order not to forget it.
• In order (not) to is formal.
• In every day speech we use because.
• Use because to restate the original sentences.
Note 3- for + noun/ pronoun before the
infinitive
• It’s late to go out. = General statement = people shouldn’t go out.
• It’s late for Sarah to go out.= Sarah shouldn’t go out.
• The infinitive can be preceded by a noun to make it clear who (or
what ) the action expressed by the infinitive refers to.
• It’s late for her to go out.
• The infinitive can be preceded by a pronoun.
Too + adjective + infinitive
• Micah is too young to own a cell phone.
• Name the adjective and the infinitive.
• This sentence expresses something that is not possible. What is it?
• Micah can’t own a cell phone.
Too + adverb + infinitive
• John drives too slowly to win the race.
• Name the adverb and the infinitive.
• (slowly/ to win)
• This sentence expresses something that is not possible. What is it?
• John can’t win the race.
Adjective + enough + infinitive
• Kyle is old enough to buy a smart phone.
• Name the adjective and the infinitive.
• Old/ to buy
• This sentence expresses something that is possible. What is it?
• Kyle can own a smart phone.
Adverb + enough + infinitive
• Clare trained hard enough to win the competition.
• Name the adverb and the infinitive.
• (hard/ to win)
• This sentence expresses something that is possible. What is it?
• Clare can win the competition.
The infinitive is not necessary when the
meaning is clear.
• Why didn’t he catch the bus?
• Because he didn’t run fast enough (to catch it).
• (To catch it) is not necessary in the answer.