Chapter 12
The Age of Jackson
Let’s Review… Presidents…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
George Washington
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
James Monroe
Election of 1824

Who ran…





John Quincy Adams – Democratic-Republican
William Crawford
Henry Clay
Andrew Jackson – Democratic-Republican
Who won…
Jackson won popular votes BUT
 Jackson had the most electoral votes, but he didn’t
have enough…

Corrupt Bargain

Jackson had the most electoral votes and won
the popular vote, but because so many people
ran, no one candidate had at least half +1
electoral votes. What happens then?
House of Representatives decides election

Election of 1824 Results

Corrupt Bargain (conclusion)

Speaker of the House, Henry Clay, influenced
the House members, so they voted for Adams

Henry Clay is then appointed as Secretary of
State by President Adams…
Election of 1824 – 6th President



John Quincy Adams becomes the 6th
President of the United States
He was a Democratic- Republican
John Adam’s son

he was disliked by most like his father
Election of 1828

Jackson claimed to represent the “common
man”



Jackson felt a connection with normal, everyday
common people
JQ Adams felt a connection with the wealthy,
privileged people
Jackson & Adams were both DemocraticRepublicans BUT they represented different
groups of people.
Split Party

Since Adams and Jackson represented
different groups of people, the party split.

Adams’ supporters became known as
Republicans
Jackson’s supporters became known as
Democrats

Election of 1828 – Andrew Jackson

Jackson promised to look out for the interests of
the common people.

The idea of spreading political power to all
the people and ensuring majority rule
became known as Jacksonian democracy.

Jackson began giving jobs to his supporters
and friends – he backed the majority
Election of 1828




Andrew Jackson won the election of 1828 to become
the 7th President
Jackson’s humble background
and reputation as a war hero
helped make him President.
He was the first President
who wasn’t from a rich
Mass. or Virginia family.
Thousands of people came to Jackson’s inauguration,
this showed Jackson’s popularity.
Spoils System


Jackson began his Presidency by replacing
many government jobs & officials with his
supporters and friends. (ordinary citizens)
The spoils system became known as the
practice of giving government
jobs to political supporters.
Indians in America
Indians in America



Since 1600, white settlers had pushed Native
Americans westward as they took more and
more of their land.
By the 1820s, about 100,000 Native Americans
remained east of the Mississippi River.
Andrew Jackson had long supported
a policy of moving Native Americans
west of the Mississippi River
Indian Removal Act


Jackson believed the government had the
right to regulate where Native Americans
could live.
Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act
 This required Native
Americans to move west.
Map of Indian Removal Act
Mississippi
River
Indian Territory



As whites invaded Indian homelands, many
Native Americans began signing treaties
exchanging their land for land in the West.
Worcester v. Georgia – supreme court decision
that forced Indians to move west.
Indian Territory – Parts of Oklahoma Native
American Indians were forced to move to by
Andrew Jackson and the Supreme Court.
Map of Indian Removal Act
Indian
Territory
Trail of Tears

Many Cherokees refused to move West.
Jackson made soldiers force Cherokees
into camps and made them set out on a
long, hard journey to Indian Territory.


¼ of the Indians on the journey died.
Trail of Tears – The journey of
Cherokee Indians being forced off their
homeland to Indian Territory
Trail of Tears
Was Jackson right?
People with racial hatred in their hearts in power
always think Law and Justice is on their side.
President Andrew Jackson did not have the law on
his side when he marched 4,000 Cherokee to their
deaths on the Trail of Tears.
 "JOHN MARSHALL HAS MADE HIS LAW NOW
LET HIM ENFORCE IT", Andrew Jackson to the
Supreme Court when ordered to leave the Cherokee
alone.
Jackson and the Indians

Andrew Jackson had
the greatest impact on
the Indians of all
Presidents before
and after him
Tariffs




Many lands had been acquired by time Andrew
Jackson became President.
Tariffs – taxes on imported goods – became an
issue
Revenue tariff – used to raise money, like sales
tax. These taxes are usually low.
Protective tariff – to persuade people to buy goods
in their own country instead of purchasing foreignmade products. These are high taxes that protect
American companies.
Protective tariff vs. no tariff
$2.50 to produce
in Britain
$1.00 profit
+
$3.00 to produce
in the U.S.
=
$3.50 Tariff
+ 40% =
$4.90
$1.00 profit
+
=
$4.00
=
$4.00
Cheaper for products made in the U.S. – encourages people to buy American products
Tariffs

Northerners supported high tariffs because
the American manufacturers sell their products
at a lower price than imported goods.


Factories & manufacturers were in the North
The South did not support high tariffs
because its economy depended on foreign
trade.

They needed foreign products
Tariff of Abominations

Tariff of Abominations – a law passed that
raised the tariffs on raw materials and
manufactured goods.



Southerners were outraged
They had to sell their cotton at low prices
The state of South Carolina threatened to
secede, or leave the Union (United States),
because of the Tariff of Abominations.

They were upset – bad for the economy
Doctrine of Nullification

John Calhoun did not want S. Carolina to leave
the Union so he passed the Doctrine of
Nullification  This said a state had a right to nullify, or
reject, a federal law that it considers
unconstitutional
 Calhoun believed Congress had no right to
pass a tariff that helped only 1 section of the
country
Secession



Secession – withdrawal from the Union
South Carolina threatened to withdraw
(or leave) the United States of America if
the federal government tried to collect the
tariffs.
WHY? S. Carolina believed the tariffs
were too high.
Civil War Avoided?




Jackson– responded to S.C.’s threat by asking
Congress for permission to collect the tariff’s by
force (using the Army).
Jackson also supported a new bill to lower the
tariffs; it was a compromise to end the stalemate
with South Carolina.
South Carolina tried to get other states to support its
position, but none did; the crisis subsided.
The Civil War almost started in 1833, instead of
Second Bank of the U.S.


Founded in 1816, the Second Bank of the U.S.
was opposed by Jackson (he called the bank,
“The Monster”.) He vetoed a bill set to renew
the charter of the bank in 1832, and Congress
could not get the needed votes to override it.
Congress wanted the Bank’s Charter to
continue, but Jackson despised it; he used the
battle to get reelected in 1832 as Jackson was
very popular.
Interpret this cartoon
Which of the following best
describes the artist’s attitude about
Jackson?
A.
Jackson should be King.
B.
Jackson is a strong leader.
C.
Jackson has vetoed too many
bills.
D.
Jackson is behaving more like
a king than an elected leader.
Election of 1836

Jackson served 2 terms – was very popular

Jackson’s vice-president, Martin Van
Buren became the 8th President of the U.S.
A few months after Van Buren
took office a panic (fear) about
the economy spread.
Panic of 1837 - a widespread
fear about the state of the economy


Depression





People took their paper money to the banks
and demand gold or silver.
The banks could not pay the people
The banks went bankrupt.
Depression – severe economic slump
Van Buren’s Presidency marked by
depression; was not marked with man
advances or achievements.
President Review
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
George Washington
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
James Monroe
John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson
Martin Van Buren
Election of 1840

Henry Clay and Daniel Webster argued that the
government needed to help the economy



Van Buren disagreed – would not help
Many Americans blamed Martin Van Buren for
the Panic
Clay, Webster, and Jackson opponents
formed the Whig Party for the election of
1840
Election of 1840



The Whig Party was named after a British
Party & they did not support A. Jackson
The Whigs opposed all the power the
chief executive (the President) has
The Whigs chose William Henry
Harrison for President and
John Tyler for Vice President

Harrison was a war hero
Harrison dies in office

William Henry Harrison became the 9th
President of the United States


Died of pneumonia one month after being
inaugurated
John Tyler, Harrison’s Vice President,
took Harrison’s place after he died –
becoming the 10th President of the United
States.
Let’s Review… Presidents…
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
George Washington
John Adams
Thomas Jefferson
James Madison
James Monroe
John Quincy Adams
Andrew Jackson
Martin Van Buren
William Henry Harrison
John Tyler