Historic American
Indians in Utah
Presented by B. Page
This is a no gum class.
Please dispose of it
properly!
Bell Activity
Your words are “descendant” and
“tradition”
 Find the word on your study guide and
complete the following information for the
word.
 Find
the definition using a glossary.
 Use your own knowledge and experience to
complete the rest of the definition.
 Where should your backpack be?
Does your work look something like this?
Word:
descendent
Definition:
Draw a picture of it:
Sentence:
Synonym/
Example:
My Understanding: 4 3 2 1
Antonym/NonExample:
Does your work look something like this?
Word:
descendent
Definition: a child, grandchild, greatgrandchild, etc.
Sentence: The descendents of the
Fremont became the Shoshone, Goshute,
Paiute, and Ute tribes of today.
Synonym/
Antonym/NonExample:
Example:
posterity, offspring ancestors, progenitor
My Understanding: 4 3 2 1
Draw a picture of it:
Does your work look something like this?
Word:
tradition
My Understanding: 4 3 2 1
Definition:
Draw a picture of it:
Sentence:
Synonym/
Example:
Antonym/NonExample:
Does your work look something like this?
Word:
tradition
Definition: a long-established or
inherited way of thinking or acting
Sentence: Modern Native Americans
have many traditions that have been
passed down from their ancestors.
Synonym/Example Antonym/Non: custom, habit;
Example: original,
fireworks on July 4 innovation
My Understanding: 4 3 2 1
Draw a picture of it:
This is a no gum class.
Please dispose of it
properly!
Bell Activity
Take out your study guide and
answer questions 14-21 on it
using your notes, activities, and
pages 50-54 in your book.
This is a no gum class.
Please dispose of it
properly!
Bell Activity
Your word is “disdain”
 Find the word on your study guide and complete
the following information for the word.
 Find
the definition using a glossary.
 Use your own knowledge and experience to
complete the rest of the definition.
 When you finish, work on any unfinished
questions in your study guide or the
assignment from yesterday!
 Where should your backpack be?
Does your work look something like this?
Word:
disdain
My Understanding: 4 3 2 1
Definition: to look upon with contempt Draw a picture of it:
or disgust
Sentence: Most Europeans were
disdainful of Native American cultures.
Synonym/Example Antonym/Non:contempt, scorn,
Example: respect;
condescension
admire, value
Goals for today…
 Content Objective -
We will be able to
describe the basic
details of the lifestyles
of the five tribes of Utah
before contact with
non-Indians.
 Language Objective –
We will compare
(explain how they are
similar) and contrast
(explain how they are
different) these groups
with each other, and
earlier peoples who
lived in Utah.
 Behavior – Collaboration: Work with your table
partners to fill out the table about modern Native
American tribes of Utah.
Where
Shelter
Food
Culture
Beliefs
N 55-56
N 57-58, O 54
N 56-57, O 53-54
N 59-61, O 55
N 62-63, 55-57
Ute
Shoshone Goshute
Paiute
Navajo
Where
Shelter
Food
Culture
Beliefs
N 55-56, O 52-53
N 57-58, O 54
N 56-57, O 53-54
N 59-61, O 55
N 62-63, 55-57
Ute
Fertile valleys &
mountains in
Eastern Utah.
Shoshone
Fertile valleys &
mountains in
Northern Utah.
Goshute
Great Basin
desert in Western
Utah. Very dry.
Paiute
Dry regions of
Southwest Utah.
Navajo
Dry regions of
Southeast Utah.
Where
Shelter
Food
Culture
Beliefs
N 55-56, O 52-53
N 57-58, O 54
N 56-57, O 53-54
N 59-61, O 55
N 62-63, 55-57
Tepee
(unpainted)
Shoshone
Fertile valleys &
mountains in
Northern Utah.
Tepee made from
buffalo, elk, or
deer hides.
Goshute
Great Basin
desert in
Western Utah.
Very dry.
Wikiup
Dry regions of
Southwest Utah.
Wikiups made
from branches,
twigs, grasses,
and brush.
Dry regions of
Southeast Utah.
Hogan are made
from logs with a
mud/adobe cover.
They had 5 sides
and represent the
earth.
Ute
Fertile valleys &
mountains in
Eastern Utah.
Paiute
Navajo
Where
Shelter
Food
Culture
Beliefs
N 55-56, O 52-53
N 57-58, O 54
N 56-57, O 53-54
N 59-61, O 55
N 62-63, 55-57
Teepee
Hunters & gatherers
Used the horse to
hunt buffalo and
other large animals.
Shoshone
Fertile valleys &
mountains in
Northern Utah.
Teepee made
from buffalo, elk,
or deer hides.
Hunters & gatherers
Used the horse to
hunt buffalo and
other large animals.
Goshute
Great Basin
desert in
Western Utah.
Very dry.
Wikiup
Hunters & gatherers
Used 100 different
plants for food and
medicine.
Ate crickets.
Dry regions of
Southwest Utah.
Wikiups made
from branches,
twigs, grasses,
and brush.
Hunters & gatherers
The Paiutes also
farmed along rivers
and streams.
Dry regions of
Southeast Utah.
Hogan are made
from logs with a
mud/adobe cover.
They had 5 sides
and represent the
earth.
Raised sheep and
goats, and also
hunted and gathered
Ute
Fertile valleys &
mountains in
Eastern Utah.
Paiute
Navajo
Where
Shelter
Food
Culture
Beliefs
N 55-56, O 52-53
N 57-58, O 54
N 56-57, O 53-54
N 59-61, O 55
N 62-63, 55-57
Teepee
Hunters & gatherers
Used the horse to
hunt buffalo and
other large animals.
Created tools,
clothes, and other
items from the
natural environment.
Shoshone
Fertile valleys &
mountains in
Northern Utah.
Teepee made
from buffalo, elk,
or deer hides.
Hunters & gatherers
Used the horse to
hunt buffalo and
other large animals.
Wore animal skin
clothing, and clothes
made from bark and
grasses.
Goshute
Great Basin
desert in
Western Utah.
Very dry.
Wikiup
Hunters & gatherers
Used 100 different
plants for food and
medicine.
Ate crickets.
Men wore
breechcloths and
women wore
aprons/grass skirts
in the summer.
Dry regions of
Southwest Utah.
Wikiups made
from branches,
twigs, grasses,
and brush.
Hunters & gatherers
The Paiutes also
farmed along rivers
and streams.
All of the tribes used
grasses and reeds
to weave baskets,
hats, clothing and
shoes.
Dry regions of
Southeast Utah.
Hogan are made
from logs with a
mud/adobe cover.
They had 5 sides
and represent the
earth.
Raised sheep and
goats, and also
hunted and gathered
Created beautiful
rugs from wool, they
also make beautiful
silver jewelry
Ute
Fertile valleys &
mountains in
Eastern Utah.
Paiute
Navajo
Where
Shelter
Food
Culture
Beliefs
55-57
57-58
56-57
59-61
62-63
Ute
Shoshone
Goshute
Paiute
Navajo
Fertile valleys
& mountains in
Eastern Utah.
Teepee
Hunters &
gatherers Used
the horse to hunt
buffalo and other
large animals.
Created tools,
clothes, and other
items from the
natural
environment.
The Utes, like most of
the tribes in Utah, held
dances as religious
ceremonies like the
Bear Dance.
Fertile valleys
& mountains in
Northern Utah.
Teepee made from
buffalo, elk, or deer
hides.
Hunters &
gatherers Used
the horse to hunt
buffalo and other
large animals.
Wore animal skin
clothing, and
clothes made
from bark and
grasses.
Most tribes believed in a
god or many gods, and
many spirits in nature.
Great Basin
desert in
Western Utah.
Very dry.
Wikiup
Hunters &
gatherers
Used 100
different plants for
food and
medicine.
Ate crickets.
Men wore
breechcloths and
women wore
aprons/grass
skirts in the
summer.
In the winter the
Goshute and Paiute tell
stories of their culture
history and mythology to
their children.
Dry regions of
Southwest
Utah.
Wikiups made from
branches, twigs,
grasses, and brush.
Hunters &
gatherers
The Paiutes also
farmed along
rivers and
streams.
All of the tribes
used grasses and
reeds to weave
baskets, hats,
clothing and
shoes.
The Paiutes also use
dances and songs in
their religion, like the
Circle Dance which
represents life.
Dry regions of
Southeast
Utah.
Hogan are made
from logs with a
mud/adobe cover.
They had 5 sides
Raised sheep
and goats, and
also hunted and
gathered
Created beautiful
rugs from wool,
they also make
beautiful silver
Ceremonies are an
important part of Navajo
religion, they are called
ji or “ways”, they also
Native History Sources
 Spanish explorers, Catholic priests, fur trappers, and
pioneers wrote about the American Indians they met
in their journals and diaries.
 Do you think these written accounts by explorers or
pioneers accurately represent how the Indian people
lived and how they felt about things?
?
Pre-Historic Vs. Historic
 Pre-Historic
peoples have no
written history
 Historic peoples
do have a written
history
Native History
 Native Americans have lived in and around
Utah for thousands of years.
 Their way of life changed dramatically when
other groups of people entered Utah.
 These groups included:




Spanish explorers
Catholic priests
Fur trappers
Pioneers
Native History Continued
 These people wrote about the American
Indians they met in their journals and diaries.
 Do you think these written accounts by
explorers or pioneers accurately represent
how the Indian people lived and how they felt
about things?
?
Who Are They?
 Ute
 Shoshone
 Goshute
 Paiute
 Navajo
Map of the Five Tribes Territory
Relationships Between Tribes
 “Tribal boundaries were
important and were
usually respected. If a
person from an enemy
band or tribe came onto
their land, the intruder
might be taken prisoner
or killed. Some tribes
were more friendly to
newcomers than other
tribes, depending on the
time and the situation.”
 –Utah: A Journey of
Discovery p. 53.
The Utes
 The word “Utah” comes from
the Ute word for “top of the
mountains.”
 The Utes were the largest
tribe in Utah. Their tribal
area covered most of the
central part of the state.
 The Utes lived in fertile
valleys near the mountains
and lakes.
The Utes: Survival
 “Nuche [Utes] traveled with
the seasons. They went to
high mountains in the
summer, living by hunting
small and big game animals
and birds, fishing and
gathering a variety of
berries, nuts, seed, and
plants . . . Hunting, fishing,
and gathering sites were not
owned . . . [they were]
communal [shared] and
granted to all.”
 --Larry Cesspooch, a Ute
The Utes: Hunting
 The Utes used horses
for hunting and carrying
heavy loads.
 When they hunted
buffalo, they used every
part of the animal.
Some uses are:



Fur for blankets
Skin for tepees and
clothing
Meat for food
The Utes: Home Life
 Utes lived in tepees of
buffalo skin and tall poles.
 Tepees could be taken down
and carried easily.
 A fire was built in the center
for cooking and warmth.
Smoke escaped through an
opening in the top of the
tepee.
 Bands of as many as 200
people lived in large tepee
villages near streams, rivers,
or lakes.
The Utes: Families
 Finding and preparing
food was the most
important task of all
members of a Ute
family.
 When young women
reached adulthood, they
would participate in a
Bear Dance where they
could find their future
husbands.
The Utes: Children
 In addition to a formal
name, a Ute child was
given many nicknames
during their life.
 Children were highly
valued and everyone
shared the responsibility
of raising them.
 If twins were born, it was
considered bad luck.
Often, one or both twins
were allowed to die.
The Utes: Clothing
 Clothing was often
made of animal skins.
Sometimes the fur was
still attached.
 Other clothing was
made from woven
grasses and bark.
 To protect their feet, the
Utes wore shoes from
animal hides or sandals
of woven reeds.
The Utes: Religion
 The Utes believed that the
earth was created by a spirit
who lived in the sky.
 They also believed that
every living in the world had
a spirit.
 The Ghost Dance
represented the return of all
who had died as a result of
contact with non-Indians.
 Pictured here is a typical
Ghost Dance dress.
The Shoshone
 The Shoshone lived in the
mountains and valleys of
northern Utah.
 The name “Shoshone”
means “valley dwellers.”
 Today, many Shoshone live
on the Fort Hall Reservation
in southeastern Idaho, which
they share with the Bannock
tribe.
 Perhaps the most famous
Shoshone was Sacagawea,
the woman who led Lewis
and Clark through the west.
The Shoshone: Survival
 In the mountains and valleys
where the Shoshone lived,
food was all around them.
However, they had to follow
the animals, so they were
called “nomads.”
 Like the Ute clans, the
Shoshone hunted animals
such as buffalo, deer, and
antelope and gathered nuts
and berries for food.
 They also raised horses for
hunting and moving around.
The Shoshone: Home Life
 The Shoshone also
constructed tepees from
animal hide and poles.
 This picture shows a
tepee that has been
painted, perhaps with a
clan or family symbol.
 Some other Shoshone
bands dug shelters out
of hillsides or wicki-ups.
The Shoshone: Families
 Men and women had
equally important roles.
The men hunted and
served as chiefs, or
leaders, of the bands.
Women raised children
and gathered plants.
 Like many other Native
American tribes, the
Shoshone did not spank
or punish their children.
The Shoshone: Children
 Children did not have
formal schooling. They
learned by working
alongside adults and by
listening to songs and
stories.
 Many children would
make balls of hide and
rabbit hair or dolls to
play with.
The Shoshone: Clothing
 The Shoshone’s
clothing was almost
identical to the Ute’s.
Animal skins and woven
grasses made most of
their clothing.
 In the winter, women
would often wear a
special robe made of
about forty woven rabbit
skins.
The Shoshone: Clothing Continued
 Beadwork was also an
important part of
Shoshone clothing and
ceremonial items.
 Pictured here are
beaded moccasins and
a ceremonial peace
pipe with beaded bag.
The Shoshone: Religion
 The Shoshone believed
in one being called
Duma Appáh, Our
Father, or the Creator.
 Each morning the
Shoshone faced the
sun in the east and
sang a prayer to Appáh.
 Appáh was said to have
created Earth with the
help of the animal
creatures, especially
Coyote.
The Goshutes
 The Goshutes lived in
the central Great Basin
area of Utah.
The Goshutes: Survival
 The Goshutes lived in a
very dry land with little
rain. They were able to
find uses for more than
100 desert plants.
 The Goshutes were
hunter/gatherers. They
also ate roasted crickets.
 The Goshute often dug
for roots. For this
reason, white men often
called them “root
diggers.”
The Goshutes: Home Life
 The Goshutes lived in
wiki-ups, small brush
covered shelters, during
the warmer months.
 However, in the winter,
they would often move
to caves or more sturdy
shelter.
The Goshutes: Families
 The Goshutes hunted
together in family
groups and would often
cooperate with other
family groups that
usually made up a
village.
 Men usually did the
hunting, while women
gathered plants and
seeds.
The Goshutes: Children
 Goshute children
helped their mothers
gather plants, seeds,
and insects.
 During some seasons
of the year, bands of
the Goshute would work
together to gather
rabbits, or even
grasshoppers, in drives.
The Goshutes: Clothing
 In the winter months,
rabbit skin blankets
were used for warmth.
 Because the Goshute
lived in the desert, they
did not need much
clothing during the
summer months.



Men wore
breechcloths
Women wore aprons
or grass skirts
Twig sunshades often
worn on heads
The Goshutes: Religion
 Like other Indian tribes
in Utah, the Goshute
held a great respect for
the earth, the spirits,
and their fellow living
beings.
The Paiutes
 The Paiutes lived in the
southwest corner of
Utah.
The Paiutes: Survival
 Like the Goshutes, the
Paiutes lived in a very
dry region with little
rain.
 Like all modern Utah
Indian tribes, the Paiute
were also
hunter/gatherers.
 Some Paiutes irrigated
some crops including
corn, beans, squash,
and wheat.
The Paiutes: Home Life
 The Paiutes also lived
in brush wiki-ups in the
summer and caves
during the winter.
 They lived in large
family groups found in
small villages.
 Like many tribes, the
Paiutes used
cradleboard to keep
young children safe
while the mother
worked.
The Paiutes: Families
 Small family groups
would travel separately
collecting seeds,
berries, roots, and
hunting small animals,
deer, mountain sheep,
elk, and fish.
 These groups met and
intermarried with other
Paiutes, as well as
other Indian tribes.
The Paiutes: Children
 Children helped their
parents gather food
goods to be stored for
the winter.
 Children learned from
their parents and
grandparents about
animals, plants, and
storytelling.
The Paiutes: Clothing
 Similar to the Goshute
people, the Paiutes had
very little use for
clothing in warm
weather. Often during
the summer, Paiute
children would wear no
clothes at all.
 During the colder winter
months, everyone wore
shirts and used
blankets made of rabbit
skin.
The Paiutes: Religion
 A Paiute man named
Wovoka introduced the
Ghost Dance, a
religious movement that
spread throughout the
nation.
 The Ghost dance (2:05)
represented the return
of all Indians who had
died as a result of
contact with nonIndians.
 Another Paiute dance is
the Circle Dance.
Ghost Dance Continued
The Navajo
 The Navajo called
themselves the Dinè, or
“the people.”
 The Navajo lived in the
southeastern corner of
Utah, below the San
Juan River.
 Many Navajo today live
on a reservation in that
same area.
The Navajo: Survival
 The Navajo used
horses for hunting and
carrying heavy loads.
 They also raised sheep
and goats.
 Some clans closer to
the San Juan River
practiced irrigation and
farming.
The Navajo: Home Life
 The Navajo lived in
hogans. They
considered their homes
to be a symbol of
spiritual connection to
Mother Earth.
 Hogan doors always
face east to meet the
morning sun.
 Hogans were placed far
apart; there were no
villages.
The Navajo: Families
 The most important person
in a Navajo family is the
mother.
 Women own the house, the
sheep, the goats, and any
wages earned from weaving.
 Men own the horses, the
wages earned from their
jobs, and any items or
money they brought into the
marriage.
 Navajo men and their
mothers-in-law are not
allowed to talk to-or even
look at-each other. This
custom probably reduces the
number of family arguments!
The Navajo: Children
 Children play an
important role in a
Navajo family. Even
when they are very
young, Navajo children
care for some of the
family’s sheep or help
with grown-up chores.
 Each Navajo child is
given a secret “war”
name by the parents,
used only for special
religious ceremonies.
The Navajo: Clothing
 The Navajos sheered
wool from their sheep
and made it into yarn.
 The yarn was then dyed
from plants to make
colors.
 The dyed yarn was
woven into rugs,
blankets, and cloth.
The Navajo: Religion
 Navajo religion is sometimes




called “The Way.”
It is a code of behavior for
everyday life, not just weekly
worship.
Ceremonies are called
“ways.”
One of the most important
ceremonies is called the
“Nightway.”
Nightways are nine day
healing ceremonies. Sand
paintings (2:20) are made as
part of the Nightway.
Navajo Sand Paintings
Native Languages
 American Indian groups
spoke many different
languages.
 When trappers and explorers
met them, none of the tribes
had written alphabets. Many
Indian languages have
become extinct because
they were not written down
or passed on.
Native Language Continued
 Each tribe had legends
and myths that were
passed down through
an oral tradition of
storytelling.


Many myths were
about animals
Others were called
creation myths
End of an Era
 The coming of white men




forever changed the life of
American Indians in Utah.
The new people brought new
tools and ideas, as well as
new diseases.
The Indians and settlers
worked to get along,
although they did not always
succeed.
Today, American Indians,
like this Ute Medicine Man,
strive to keep the traditions
of their past alive.
Alexis explains what it
means to her to be a Paiute.
Bell Activity –
 Find these items and have them out on your desk.







Study Guide
“What is History” notes (turn this in before class)
“Archaeology” notes (turn this in before class)
“Survive! Hunters & Gatherers v. Farmers (turn this in before
class)
Prehistoric Indians comparison organizer and map
Historic Indians comparison organizer and map
We Shall Remain: The Utes (if you did not turn it in on Friday)
 Work on questions 11-13 using the reading in the pink
folders titled “A Question of Survival: Hunters and
Gatherers versus Farmers”
Goals for today…
 Content Objective -
 Language Objective –
We will be able to
describe the basic
details of the lifestyles
of the five tribes of Utah
before contact with
non-Indians.
We will compare
(explain how they are
similar) and contrast
(explain how they are
different) these groups
with each other, and
earlier peoples who
lived in Utah.
 Behavior – Work Ethic: Complete all of your
assignments for Chapter 3.
Historic Tribes of Utah Map
 Using your book and
 If you finish early,
the instructions
provided, complete
the map activity for
the location of the
modern tribes of
Utah.
 Neat, readable maps
are worth more
points and are more
useful on the test
than messy ones!
work on the
following things:



Finish the Historic
and Prehistoric
Tribes organizers
We Shall Remain:
The Utes
Map on page 8 of the
study guide, counties
map on page 7,
questions 22-37.
Bell Activity – Chapter 3 packet
 Put together your materials from chapter
three in this order.






Study guide
Video notes – Stone Age Explorers (PaleoIndians)
Archaeology notes
Prehistoric Indians comparison organizer
Prehistoric Indians map instructions
17-19 answers from We Shall Remain: The
Utes
Goals for today…
 Content Objective -
We will prepare for our
test by reviewing and
preparing our study
guides.
 Language Objective –
We will discuss the
questions on our study
guides.
 Behavior – Collaboration: Work with your table
partners to fill out your study guide and review for the
test.
 If your group finishes early, work on your maps, etc.
This is a no gum class.
Please dispose of it
properly!
Bell Activity
Take out your study guide and
answer questions 22-39 on it
using your notes, activities, and
pages 55-63 in your book.