Relief, Recovery, Reform
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Franklin D. Roosevelt (D)
vs. Herbert Hoover ®
FDR wins
promised a New Deal
aided by experts – “Brain
Trust”
20th Amendment
changes date of
inauguration from March
to January
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period of intense
activity
first act – declare a
bank holiday
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all banks closed
inspected
sent money
re-opened
Fireside Chats
◦ explained programs
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Glass Steagall Act
◦ creates the FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation)
 Federal insurance on bank accounts (guaranteed to get
your money)
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Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
◦ investigates wrong-doings in the stock market
PROGRAM
Agricultural
Adjustment Act
(AAA)
Tennessee Valley
Authority (TVA)
Civilian
Conservation
Corps (CCC)
DEFINITION
Helped farmers by paying them NOT to grow
crops to help raise prices
built dams to protect from floods and bring
electricity to poor
paid men (18-25) to build roads, develop
parks, plant trees and fix soil erosions to
prevent another Dust Bowl
National Industry
Recovery Act
(NIRA)
created PWA and CWA; also guaranteed
workers’ rights to organize and go on strike
Public Works
Administration
Civil Works
Administration
build roads, schools, and other public
buildings
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programs paid through
deficit spending
Supreme Court declares
NIRA & AAA
unconstitutional (state
issue not federal)
FDR wants to appoint 6
new justices (court
packing)
◦ does not get his way
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American Liberty League
◦ thought New Deal violated
rights of individuals and
property
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Father Charles Coughlin
◦ wanted a guaranteed annual income
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Dr. Francis Townsend
◦ wanted a pension plan for the poor and elderly
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Huey Long
◦ “Share-Our-Wealth” clubs
◦ wanted to have the government provide home, food
and education
◦ wanted to be president  was assassinated
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FDR re-elected 1936 (2nd term)
created new programs to help people
Works Progress Administration (WPA)
◦ created 8 million jobs building roads, subways, and
airports
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Wagner Act
◦ re-established right to strike; created NLRB
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National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)
◦ Hear/investigate unfair business practices
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Fair Labor Standards Act
◦ created 40-hour work week and minimum wage
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Social Security Act
◦ old age insurance
(65 & older)
◦ unemployment
insurance
◦ aid to families with
children and the
disabled
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Brought support to Democratic Party
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Southern whites
urban groups
African Americans
union members
 membership rose to 10 million
 especially AFL & CIO
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Francis Perkins
◦ first woman in the
cabinet
◦ Secretary of Labor
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many still faced
discrimination at
work
◦ earned less than men
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Mary McLead Bethune
◦ created Black Cabinet to
advise on racial issues
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Eleanor Roosevelt
◦ arranged for Marian
Anderson to sing on steps
of Lincoln Memorial
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FDR does not support
civil rights
AA vote Democrat b/c
New Deal helped them
a little
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most worked as farm
labors for very low
wages
they faced racial
violence and
deportation
they were often
excluded from New
Deal programs