Chapter 2 Benchmark Review
26. What are the 3 parts of
the Cell Theory?
1. The cell is the basic unit of
structure and function in all living
things.
2. All known living things are made
up of cells.
3. All cells come from other living
cells.
hypertonic solution
a solution in which the concentration of
dissolved substances is greater outside the
cell (in the solution)
than inside the cell
27. What happens to
red blood cells in a
hypertonic solution?
They shrink.
hypotonic solution
a solution in which the concentration of
dissolved substances is greater inside the
cell than outside the cell
28. What happens to
red blood cells in a
hypotonic solution?
They swell.
isotonic solution
a a solution in which the concentration of
dissolved substances is the same inside and
outside the cell
29. What happens to
red blood cells in an
isotonic solution?
Water will continue to move into and out of
the cell at the same rate.
Cells in Solutions
animation
30. What is required for
photosynthesis to happen?
PROCESS
REQUIRED
Photosynthesis
sunlight
(plants, plant-like protists, Carbon dioxide
plant-like bacteria)
water
31. What is produced during
photosynthesis?
PROCESS
PRODUCED
(underline the
waste products
or by-products)
Photosynthesis
GLUCOSE
(plants, plant-like
protists, plant-like
bacteria)
Oxygen
Photosynthesis
PROCESS
REQUIRED
PRODUCED
(underline the
waste products
or by-products)
Photosynthesis
sunlight
GLUCOSE
(plants, plant-like
protists, plant-like
bacteria)
Carbon dioxide
Oxygen
water
32. What is required for cellular
respiration to happen?
PROCESS
Cellular
Respiration
REQUIRED
glucose
(mitochondira of
all multicellular
organisms)
Oxygen
33. What is produced during
cellular respiration?
PROCESS
PRODUCED
(underline the
waste products
or by-products)
Cellular
Respiration
ENERGY
(mitochondira of
all multicellular
organisms)
Carbon dioxide
water (vapor)
Cellular Respiration
PROCESS
REQUIRED
PRODUCED
(underline the
waste products
or by-products)
Cellular
Respiration
glucose
ENERGY
(mitochondira of
all multicellular
organisms)
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
water (vapor)
34. What is required for lactic
acid fermentation to happen?
PROCESS
Lactic Acid
Fermentation
REQUIRED
GLUCOSE
NO Oxygen
(mitochondria of
muscle cells)
35. What is produced from lactic
acid fermentation?
PROCESS
Lactic Acid
Fermentation
PRODUCED
(underline the
waste products
or by-products)
ENERGY
Carbon dioxide
(mitochondria of
muscle cells)
Lactic acid
Lactic Acid Fermentation
PROCESS
REQUIRED
Lactic Acid
Fermentation
GLUCOSE
PRODUCED
(underline the
waste products
or by-products)
ENERGY
NO Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
(mitochondria of
muscle cells)
Lactic acid
36. What is required for alcoholic
fermentation to happen?
PROCESS
REQUIRED
Alcoholic
Fermentation
GLUCOSE
NO Oxygen
(mitochondria of
yeast cells)
37. What is produced from
alcoholic fermentation?
PROCESS
PRODUCED
(underline the
waste products
or by-products)
Alcoholic
Fermentation
ENERGY
Carbon dioxide
(mitochondria of
yeast cells)
Alcohol
Alcoholic Fermentation
PROCESS
REQUIRED
Alcoholic
Fermentation
GLUCOSE
PRODUCED
(underline the
waste products
or by-products)
ENERGY
NO Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
(mitochondria of
yeast cells)
Alcohol
diffusion
cell membrane
high
concentration
low
concentration
diffusion
Cell membrane
Inside cell
Outside cell
facilitated diffusion
Cell membrane
Protein channel
Inside cell
Outside cell
facilitated diffusion
high
concentration
low
concentration
active transport by transport
proteins
low
concentration
high
concentration
active transport
Cell membrane
Inside cell
Outside cell
exocytosis
endocytosis
chloroplast
organelles which use
the energy from the
sun to make food for
plants
nucleus
control center of the
cell
DNA and chromosomes
structures inside
the nucleus that
store genetic
information,
which is
information
passed on from
one generation to
the next
chromosomes
are make up of
DNA
DNA is
made
up of
genes.
ribosomes
organelles that
produce proteins
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
a system of
membranes and
sacs that can
move materials
from one part of
the cell to another
Golgi
bodies/apparatus/complex
a system of
membranes which
changes, supports,
and packages the
proteins to be
stored in the cell or
secreted out of the
cell
lysosomes
an organelle
filled with
enzymes that
can digest
organic
compounds
mitochondria
the powerhouse of
the cell which
releases energy from
food
vacuole
a saclike structure
that stores water or
wastes
cellular respiration
a process in which oxygen (O2) is combined
with food (glucose) to release energy
fermentation
• the process where cells obtain energy
from glucose without oxygen
photosynthesis
• a process in which light energy is used to
make food (glucose) by joining carbon
dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O)
Why do things move into or out of
cells?
In order to survive and function properly,
cells must take in nutrients and get rid of
wastes.
passive transport
• a process in which materials are
transported across the cell membrane
without using energy
Three types of passive transport
1. diffusion (O2 and CO2)
2. osmosis
(diffusion of H2O)
3. facilitated diffusion
active transport
• when a cell uses energy to move materials
into areas where they are more
concentrated
Active transport by transport
proteins
•
When molecules move from an area of
lower concentration to an area of higher
concentration.
exocytosis
when a cell removes large materials by
vesicles that carry the materials to the
cell membrane
facilitated diffusion
•
when transport proteins (in the cell
membrane) help molecules that are too
large to diffuse normally pass through
the cell membrane
diffusion
• when particles move from an area of
higher concentration to an area of lower
concentration
endocytosis
when the cell membrane forms a fold or
a pocket called a vesicle around large
particles to get them into a cell
osmosis
• the diffusion of water through a cell
membrane
water
(vapor)
water
energy
energy from
the Sun
carbon
dioxide
oxygen
glucose
(sugar)
glucose
(sugar)
lactic acid fermentation
• The type of fermentation that occurs in
muscle cells after strenuous activity.
alcoholic fermentation
• a type of fermentation that occurs in yeast
and some other unicellular organisms that
break down sugars