Review: AP World History Exam
1450-1750
Periodization
•1453 Constantinople falls to the Ottomans
•Portuguese start exploring
•Colonies in the New World
•Coercive Labor Systems
•Ming closes doors and end expeditions in 1433
•Turks take over where Mongols left off in
Russia and Southwest Asia
•1750, Revolutions and Enlightenment
•End of Gunpowder Empires
•Beginning of Western Dominance
Global interactions, Trade, and
Technology
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Linking the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
New sea lanes established with exploration
First encounters with Western Hemisphere
Biological (Columbian) Exchange: plants,
animals, disease, & human community
• Global economy: agricultural goods,
manufactured goods, luxury items reach distant
lands
Global interactions, Trade, and
Technology
• Technology: gunpowder, printing and
maritime
• Christianity and Islam spread
• Indigenous people suffer and are exploited
(Potosi)
• Europeans flourish: colonies, open
markets
• Africa benefited from crops but devastated
by slave trade
Global interactions, Trade, and
Technology
• Colonies in the Americas, trading posts in
Africa and Asia
• Conquered Philippines and Indonesia but
not China, India, Southwest Asia or Japan
• Importance of European explorations
Major Empires:
Aztec, Ottoman, Inca, Ming,
Qing (Manchu) Portugal, Spain, Russia, France, England,
Mongol, Tokugawa, Mughal and Songhay
SNAPSHOT on Absolutism and Gunpowder
• Use France as a model, but know how
England is different
• Comparison of Ottomans & France
• Mongols transform to other groups
Major Empires:
Aztec, Ottoman, Inca, Ming, Qing
(Manchu) Portugal, Spain, Russia, France, England, Mongol,
Tokugawa, Mughal and Songhay
• Notes on Absolutism and Gunpowder
Empires: Ottoman, Mughal, China, Japan
• Gender: women gaining political roles
among the elite classes (not China/Japan)
Coercive Labor Systems Introduced in
Columbian Exchange, Readings on
Spanish Labor Systems, ex. Potosi
Cultural and Intellectual
Development
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Exchange of arts:
– Chinese,
– Mughal
– Ottoman contributions
Mughal
A Royal Mughal Court
Thirst in night
Syncretic Art
Love on a Boat at Night
Wang Yuanqi
Ottoman Art
• Calligraphy
Carpets
Tile and mosaic work
Süleymaniye Mosque in Istanbul
Sultan Ahmet Mosque in İstanbul
Inside the Blue Mosque
“Ahmediye Cami”
Diverse Interpretations
• The West has long term Environmental
advantages like the horse, metallurgy,
immunity to disease, supportive
governments funding voyages, desire for
wealth and trade, desire to convert to
Christianity, naval technology, belief that
change is good, competition is good and
property can be owned.