Let’s Review!! • When do teeth form beneath the gums? • On average, when do most teeth break the gum surface? • What is the average length of a newborn baby? • What is the average weight of a newborn baby? • What is the process where bones begin to harden? • What two nutrients are essential for bone development? • What is gross motor development? • What is fine motor development? Infants – Physical Development Part 2 Child Development Unit 2: Infants Godbey Head-to-Foot • Begins before birth • Unborn baby develops a head, then arm buds, and then leg buds • At birth, babies have well-developed facial muscles but less-developed leg muscles. Head and Neck Control • Heads supported continually • By two months= most babies spend a great deal of time with their heads and chests raised. • 3 and 4 months= eye muscles are well developed, permitting babies to focus on objects in any direction, smile, • 6 months= head control is complete Trunk Control • Control of trunk develops slower than control of the head • Two milestones of trunk control: – Rolling over – Sitting Rolling Over • 2-5 months = Roll over front to back • 3-6 months = Roll over back to front Sitting • Takes time • Must first gain strength in neck and back and must be able to control the head Watch What I Can Do!! • • • • • 2 months = chin up 3 months = chest up, arm support 4 months = sits with support (pillow) 5 months = sits on lap; grasps object 6 months = sits on high chair, grasps dangling objects • 7 months = sits without support • • • • • • • 8 months = stands with help 9 months = stands holding furniture 10 months = creeps 11 months = walks when led 12 months = pulls to stand by furniture 14 months = stands alone 15 months = walks alone Examine the following photos. Estimate the babies’ ages based on the skills each is demonstrating Leg Control • Last phase of head-to-foot development • Leg control = LOCOMOTION! • Babies usually go through the following stages: – Crawling – Creeping – Standing – Walking Crawling • Playing with toes is a sign of the leg control needed for crawling • When hands and feet work together smoothly, this shows leg control. • Babies crawl by pulling with the arms; abdomen is not lifted from the floor • Usually occurs around 7 months! Creeping • Occurs between 6-8 months • Creeping means to move by using the hands and knees or hands and feet. • Abdomens and hips are lifted from floor, alternatively Standing and Walking • Supported Standing • Pull themselves to standing position • Cruising = walking by holding something for support • As they develop, babies stand further away from objects Center-to-Extremities Development • Control begins with the trunk then arms, hands and fingers • Then extends to hips, legs, feet then toes. • Control = starts center and moves outward • Grasping Handout!