Ecological Relationships:
How living organisms interact with
each other
http://www.scienceclarified.com/everyday/images/scet_03_img0305.jpg
• When individuals or species “fight” for
resources
http://web3.wzw.tum.de/oscar/typo3temp/pics/f45214e1c1.jpg
Lion and hyenas competing for a kill
Plants competing for sunlight
http://hyenas.zoology.msu.edu/uploads/images/crocuta/LionHyenaFight_2008_BrittanyGunther.jpg
Competition:
http://images.inmagine.com/168nwm/creata
s/cr15169/cr15169065.jpg
http://www.smilinglizard.com/1a291aa0.jpg
Herbivory:
• When a consumer eats a producer
A woodchuck eating
wild clover
A fruit bat eating
a papaya
An eagle eating halibut.
A lion eating zebra.
http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Publications/ZooGoer/2006/3/IMAGES/lion_zebra.jpg
http://www.citypaper.net/blogs/clog/wpcontent/uploads/2007/06/close-up-bald-eagle-eating.jpg
Predation:
• When a consumer eats a consumer.
Symbiosis:
• Long-term relationship between two
different species that live close together
and at least one of the species benefits.
http://projectfeederwatch.files.wordpress.com/2012/03/magpie-on-deer1.jpg?w=600&h=425
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/d-brief/files/2013/03/honeybee-flower1.jpg
Type of Symbiosis: Mutualism
• Both organisms benefit from the
relationship.
• WIN – WIN situation
Ostriches and gazelles
http://4206e9.medialib.glogster.com/media/256d8196827a7e31fe10be57d1d6981add73b9bcdc89614a8afadcbf9a542bb9/071003130712-ostrich-and-gazelle.jpg
Type of Symbiosis: Commensalism
• One organism benefits and the other is
unaffected
• WIN – NEUTRAL situation
Eastern chipmunk and soil mite
Copyright, Ray Norton
Type of Symbiosis: Parasitism
A parasite does not want
to kill its host as it would
require finding another one!
Department of Botany, Iowa St. University
Michael Clayton, Wisconsin State Herbarium
• One organism benefits and the the other is
harmed
• WIN – LOSE situation
Honeysuckle is a parasite to
the host dogwood tree