Toward Revolution
I.
II.
Intro
Enlightenment
• John Locke
III. French/British Rivalry
A. Background
B. War & Results
IV. Tension & Revolution
A. Settlement Line &
Debt
B. Fighting
C. Paine
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Key Terms
Compact Theory
Deism
Cavalier
Cadillac
French/Indian War
Proclamation Line
Stamp Act
Lexington & Concord
Common Sense
The Enlightenment
• Intellectual movement where individuals applied
rational/scientific thought to the world in which
they lived
• Who:
Weather Patterns
Enlightenment & Role Of
Government
Compact Theory
1. All have natural rights of
life, liberty & property
2. To protect rights, people
establish a government
with limited powers
3. The people have the
right to revolt if the
government oversteps its
powers
John Locke
(1632-1704)
Enlightenment
(In The Colonies)
• Ben Franklin & Thomas
Jefferson = Enlightened
thinkers
• Both were influenced by
Deism
– A Supreme Being created
the universe
– Universe then operated
without Divine interference
– Supported religious freedom
Image Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
French Explorer
Robert Cavalier Sieur
(Lord) De La Salle
(1643-1687)
Explored the entire length of
the Mississippi. He named
the region that he explored...
LOUISIANA
In honor of his king (Louis XIV)
French Explorer
• Founded Fort Detroit
(1701) which eventually
flourished as a fur trading
post
Antoine Cadillac
(1658-1730)
Population of North America in 1750
French
60,000
British
1,200,000
French/Indian War
(1754-1763)
• French & Indian Allies vs. British & Indian Allies
French/Indian War
(1754-1763)
First Battle:
Fort Duquesne
(Near Pittsburgh)
French/Indian War
(1754-1763)
• French & Indian Allies vs. British & Indian Allies
• Washington was defeated near Fort Duquesne (July 4,
1756)
• Eventually, France lost the war
North America
after the
French/Indian
War
France was
kicked out of
North America &
lost its overseas
empire.
English & American Tension & Anger
In 1763 Americans were tremendously patriotic & loyal
subjects, but tension developed…
• Proclamation Line- Prohibited settlement west
of Appalachian Mountains
• Taxes were increased to pay for England’s
HUGE debt
• Tax Burden:
– 25.5 Shillings/year: Someone in England
– 1.5 Shillings /year: Someone in Colonies
Stamp Act
(1765)
1. All legal documents had to
be printed on paper stamped
with the seal of the
Government.
2. Published items, such as
newspapers also had to be
printed on “stamped” paper.
3. Violators were not allowed a
trial by jury; judges ruled on
their innocence or guilt.
Stamp Act Protests
Old South Meeting
House
Incidents Of Violence
(Tension Escalates)
Boston Tea Party (1773)
Boston Massacre (1770)
The shot heard ‘round the world!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7VQA5NDNkUM
The War Begins
(Lexington & Concord: April 1775)
• British Goal: seize
colonial military supplies
• Paul Revere & William
Dawes warned of an
attack
• Led to British retreat &
about 300 British
casualties
A View Of The Town Of
Concord, 1775
Old North Church
(Today)
The Final Straw…
“Common Sense”
Thomas Paine
(1731-1809)
• All monarchies are corrupt &
evil
• Americans should establish
a Republic where power
came from the people
• It was simple “common
sense” that Americans
should break with England
Attitude Of Colonists During Revolutionary
War (1775-1783)
• 25-33% of Colonists
strongly supported war
against England
• 25-33% of Colonists
strongly opposed war
against England
• 33-50% of Colonists could
go either way
Reluctant “Patriot”
Ben Martin
Revolutionary War
(1775-1783)
Washington Crossing the Delaware
• Lasted eight years
• The French joined
the Americans and
their support was
crucial to the
American victory
• Ended with a
peace treaty in
1783
Toward Revolution
I.
II.
Intro
Enlightenment
• John Locke
III. French/British Rivalry
A. Background
B. War & Results
IV. Tension & Revolution
A. Settlement Line &
Debt
B. Fighting
C. Paine
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Key Terms
Compact Theory
Deism
Cavalier
Cadillac
French/Indian War
Proclamation Line
Stamp Act
Lexington & Concord
Common Sense