Warm Up 10/10/12
1. Article I, II, and III of the constitution are
about the three branches of government,
what are the three branches of
government?
• From the Constitution of Japan
We, the Japanese people, acting through
our duly elected representatives in the National
Diet, determined that we shall secure for
ourselves and our posterity the fruits of peaceful
cooperation with all nations and the blessings of
liberty throughout this land. . . .
Which of these is a source for the ideas
outlined in the Japanese Constitution?
A. Charter of the United Nations
B. legal writings of Thomas Hobbes
C. writings on constitutions by Voltaire
D. United States Constitution
Warm Up 10/7/14
1. What is an estate, list the members of
each estate?
2. Which estate paid all of the taxes?
Warm 10/9/14
1. Why did the third estate feel that the
estates general was unfair?
2. What was the goal of the Tennis Court
Oath?
French Revolution
Standard 10.2
• Students compare and contrast the Glorious
Revolution of England, the American Revolution,
and the French Revolution and their enduring
effects worldwide on the political expectations
for self-government and individual liberty.
Compare and contrast=similarities and differences
Enduring effects=lasting changes
Political=government
Individual liberty= personal rights
Standard 10.2
Simplified
• Students find the similarities and
differences between the Glorious
Revolution, the American Revolution, and
the French Revolution, and examine their
lasting effects on government and
individual rights
• Glorious Revolution 1688-1689
• American Revolution 1775-1783
-Declaration of Independence 1776
(we are breaking away)
-Constitution 1787 (rules of
government)
-Bill of Rights 1791(rights of people)
• French Revolution 1789-1799
Standard 10.2.4
• Explain how the ideology of the French
Revolution led France to develop from
constitutional monarchy to democratic
despotism to the Napoleonic empire.
Objective
• Students chart the characteristics of
Frances first, second, and third estate,
identifying how the meeting of the
estates-general led to a constitutional
monarchy.
Social
Classes
First
Estate
Second
Estate
Third
Estate
Members
Characteristics
Paid
Taxes
Europe 1789
France
France
France
A Society Divided
• In 1789 France still
adhered to a class
system dating back to
the Middle
ages(1000-1500).
• France was divided
into three social
classes, or estates.
• What does this
remind you of?
First Estate
• First Estate: Clergy
(church)
• The church in 1789
enjoyed great wealth
and privilege.
• Owned about ten
percent of the land.
• Collected tithes and
paid no direct taxes.
• 100,000 of 25 million
Second Estate
• Second estate: Nobility
(wealthy land owners)
• Held top jobs in
government, the army,
and the courts.
• Owned about 25% of
France’s land
• No taxes
• 400,000 of 25 million
Third Estate
• Third Estate:
Bourgeoisie as well as
rural peasants.
• Bourgeoisie: middle
class includes bankers,
merchants, lawyers,
doctors, journalists,
professors, and
manufacturers.
Third Estate
• The majority of the
third estate was
comprised of rural
peasants.
• Peasants made low
wages and were at
risk of starving with
any rise in bread
prices.
• Paid taxes on nearly
everything
Great
Britain
France
1700s
 Paris
• Versailles
French Society
1st Estate
Clergy
Atlantic
Ocean
Alps
2nd Estate:
Nobles
Third Estate:
Everyone else
Spain
Pyrenees Mts.
Mediterranean
Sea
Estates (Social Classes) in
France
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Clergy
Nobility
Commoners
Third Estate
Land
Ownership
Taxation
Population
What is the significance/importance of this cartoon?
It shows how the king, 1st Estate, and the 2nd Estate abused, used and
depended on the 3rd Estate
French Economic Crisis
• Louis XIV left France
in a deep debt.
• To cover expenses
the government
borrowed money
• Increased taxes to
solve financial
situation
• Built Massive palace
in Versailles
Economic Crisis Continued
• Louis XV ran up more debts
spending excessively
(seven years war)
• Louis XVI inherited a large
debt. (American revolution)
Louis XVI
The French Monarchy:
1775 - 1793
Louis XVI & Marie Antoinette
• Louis XVI appointed a financial expert to
help solve the economic crisis, but when
he suggested taxing the first and second
estate he was dismissed.
Jacques
Necker
Estates General
• In 1789 Louis XVI
summoned the
estates general
(meeting of the
estates) to meet at
Versailles in order to
address the financial
crisis, and possible
new taxes.
• The meeting began in
May of 1789 and was
stalled immediately.
• Before the meeting began the King had
each estate prepare cahiers, notebooks
filled with grievances.
• Pretend you are a member of the third
estate make a list of grievances you may
want to present to King Louis XVI?
King Louis XVI calls the
Estates-General 1789
Last time it was called into session
was 1614!
Voting
• Traditionally each
group met and voted
separately.
• Each group received
only one vote.
• First and second
estate always
outvoted the third
estate.
1 vote
1st estate
1 vote
1 vote
2nd estate
2 to 1
3rd estate
France’s Population
1%
France’s Estates
Representatives
2%
1 vote
1 vote
1 vote
97%
First estate: clergy
Second estate: nobles
Third Estate: everyone else
Tennis Court Oath
• June 1789 The Third Estate
declared itself the National
Assembly.
• National Assembly = 3rd estate
• When they were locked out of
their meeting hall they moved
to a nearby indoor tennis court
where they swore an oath
“never to separate and to meet
whenever the circumstances
might require until we have
established a sound and just
constitution.”
Tennis court Oath
Promise
• Tennis Court Oath: National
assembly (third estate) swore to
never separate until they created a
constitution.
Tennis Court Oath
We will create
a constitution
Storming the Bastille
July 14, 1789
*The Third Estate
acted on a rumor that
the king was
planning a military
coup against the
National Assembly.
*The Third Estate
attacks the Bastille,
because they
believed it had
gunpowder and
weapons they need to
fight the Revolution.
The Bastille
Review
1. France’s financial problems were a result
of what?
2. Why did the third estate feel that the
traditional voting practice of the EstatesGeneral was unfair?
3. How were the powers of the monarchy
limited?
Causes of French Revolution
• Direct Causes
1. Inequalities in the estates
2. Monarch deficit spending (spend more than you
have)
(financial Crisis)
3. Hunger and Poverty
Bad Harvests = majority of people were broke and hungry
>>>> Leads to Bread Riots
Indirect Causes
1. Enlightenment Ideas (John Locke right to
overthrow a government)
2. American Revolution Ideas from the
American revolution liberty equality etc.