Scalp & Muscles of face
D.Rania Gabr
D.Sama.
D.Elsherbiny
Objectives
• Identify the superficial and deep muscles of
the neck with their origin, insertion, nerve
supply and actions.
• Know the formation (root value) of cervical
plexus.
• Understand the relations of cervical plexus.
• Know the branches of the cervical plexus.
Sternocliedomastoid
Origin:
Sternal head: from manubrium sterni.
Clavicular head: from medial part of
the clavicle.
Insertion:
1- Mastoid process
2- Superior nuchal line.
Nerve supply:
Spinal Accessory nerve (cranial
nerve XI).
Action:
A unilateral contraction
• Bend the head to the shoulder of the same side, so that
the face is turned upwards towards the opposite side.
A bilateral contraction
• The anterior fibers: flex the head.
• The posterior fibers: extend the head.
Platysma
See scalp & face
TRAPEZIUS
Splenius capitis
• Nerve supply:
Posterior primary rami of
C3, 4 (C2-C6)
• Action:
Lateral flexion and rotation
of cervical spine
Splenius Cervicis
• Nerve supply: Posterior primary
rami of C5, 6
• ACTION
Extends and rotates cervical
spine
Scalene Muscles
Scalenus anterior muscle: from the
anterior tubercles of the transverse
processes of C3rd to 6th to scalene
tubercle on the first rib.
Scalenus medius muscle: from the
posterior tubercles of the transverse
processes of the C3rd to 7th to the first
rib.
Scalenus posterior muscle: from the
posterior tubercles of the transverse
processes of the C5th to 7th to the
second rib.
Nerve supply: (C4-C6).
Action
• Elevate the ribs during inspiration.
• A unilateral contraction: (lateral
flexion of the neck).
• A bilateral contraction (ventral
flexion of the neck).
Triangles of Neck
Subdivision of Anterior Triangle of Neck
Subdivision of Posterior Triangle of Neck
Floor of Posterior Triangle of Neck
Muscles of Neck (Suprahyoid Muscles)
1. Mylohyoid.
2. Anterior belly of digastric.
3. Posterior belly of digastric.
4. Stylohyoid
1
2
4 3
Muscles of Neck (Infrahyoid Muscles)
Muscles of
Neck
(Infrahyoid
Muscles)
Cervical plexus
Formation: formed by the
union upper 4 cervical nerves
(C1,2,3,4)
Branches:
Superficial branches
- Lesser occipital nerve (C2)
- Great auricular nerve (C2, C3)
- Transverse cervical nerve (C2,
C3)
- Supraclavicular nerves (C3,
C4)
Deep branches:
- Motor to sternomastoid –
trapezius.
- Phrenic nerve
- Inferior root of ansa cervicalis
Cervical Plexus
Sensory branches of cervical plexus
include:
•
•
•
•
Lesser occipital nerve C2
Great auricular nerve C2,3
Transverse cervical nerve C2,3
Supraclavicular nerves C3,4
Cervical Plexus