Presidential Reconstruction
Lincoln – 10% Plan
•Pardons to any Confederate who took an
oath of allegiance and accepted slavery
policy.
•Denied pardons to those who killed African
American war prisoners.
•After 10% of voters swore allegiance a
Constitutional Convention could be held.
States could then hold elections and
participate in the Union.
Presidential Reconstruction
Johnson
•Pardoned Southerners who swore
allegiance.
•Each state could hold a Constitutional
Convention (no 10% required).
•States were required to void secession,
abolish slavery, and ratify the 13th
Amendment.
•States could then hold elections and
participate in the Union.
Presidential Reconstruction
Similarities
•Spirit of the 10 % Plan.
•Mentions the notions of pardons, and
conventions.
Differences
•Johnson plan is much more generous to the
South.
•Personal pardons were offered.
Congressional Reconstruction
Reconstruction Act of 1867
•Proposed and passed by Radical
Republicans who wanted to punish the
South and ensure African Americans of their
Civil Rights.
1. South was under military rule dividing
it into 5 sections.
2. Southern States needed to hold new
elections and create new state
constitutions.
Congressional Reconstruction
3.
4.
5.
6.
Reconstruction Act of 1867
Required states to allow all qualified
male voters to participate in elections.
This included African Americans.
Temporarily barred Southerners who
supported the Confederacy from voting.
Required states to guarantee equal
rights to all.
Ratify the 14th Amendment.
Major Reconstruction Legislation
•1865 – 13th Amendment – Abolishes slavery
•1865, 1866 – Freedmen’s Bureau – Provides
services for newly freed people.
•1868 – 14th Amendment – Defines
citizenship to include African Americans;
Guarantees equal protection under the law.
•1870 – 15th Amendment – Guarantees
voting rights.
•1875 – Civil Rights Act – Protects rights of
African Americans in public places.
The “New South”
Black Southerners –
•Free, but poor, homeless, jobless and
hungry.
•Development of Sharecropping and Tenant
Farming –
Cycle of debt; legalized slavery
•Increases in freedom –
Movement, property, religion, education
Freemen’s Bureau – 1st Relief Agency
The “New South”
•Rise of new Black leaders/representatives –
Booker T. Washington, W.E.B. DuBois,
Blanche K. Bruce
•Restriction –
Black Codes
KKK – White League
Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)
Postcard Depicting the Lynching of Lige Daniels, Center, Texas, August 3, 1920
Document C: Jim Crow Laws (from various states 1875-1900s)
Restaurants- It shall be unlawful to conduct a restaurant or other
place for the serving of food in the city, at which white and colored
people are served in the same room, unless such white and colored
persons are effectual separated by a solid partition….. Alabama
Toilet Facilities- Male Every employer of white or Negro males shall
provide for such white or Negro males reasonably accessible and
separate toilet facilities. Alabama
Parks- It shall be unlawful for colored people to frequent any park
owned or maintained by the city for the benefit, use and enjoyment
of white persons...and unlawful for any white person to frequent any
park owned or maintained by the city for the use and benefit of
colored persons. Georgia
Hospital Entrances- There shall be maintained by the governing
authorities of every hospital maintained by the state for treatment of
white and colored patients separate entrances for white and colored
patients….. Mississippi
Photograph by Elliott Erwitt, “A Public Fountain in North Carolina,” 1950
The “New South”
Plantation Owners –
•Loss of slave labor (3 billion) – Loss of
property (100 million).
Poor White Southerners –
•Migration – West
•Sharecropping/Tenant Farming
•Cycle of Debt
Video # 1 – Reconstruction & the Radicals:
http://mn-media.discoveryeducation.com/pmp/videos/wm/300k/chp945785_300k.wmv
Video # 2 – Congress Challenges Presidential Reconstruction:
http://mn-media.discoveryeducation.com/pmp/videos/wm/300k/chp945791_300k.wmv
Video # 3 – The Rise of the KKK:
http://mn-media.discoveryeducation.com/pmp/videos/wm/300k/chp945800_300k.wmv
Video # 4 – The 14th Amendment:
http://mn-media.discoveryeducation.com/pmp/videos/wm/300k/chp945792_300k.wmv
The “New South”
•Labor changes
•Cash crops
•Debt
•Rise of merchants, Carpetbaggers, and
Scalawags
•Rise of cities, industry, and railroads
The “New South”
“Gospel of Prosperity” –
•Infrastructure
•Schools
•Taxes & Investors
•Rise of corruption
Bad loans/grants
Credit Mobilier (Railroad scandal)
The Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
•Congress passes the Tenure of Office Act in
1867.
•President Johnson fires Edwin Stanton,
Secretary of War.
•Radical Republicans claimed that the firing
was unconstitutional.
•Congress Impeached the President –
charged him with wrongdoings in office.
•Missed being removed by one vote.
The End of Reconstruction
KKK/White League –
•Eliminate the Republican Party in the
South.
•Keep African Americans oppressed.
•Use terror tactics.
The End of Reconstruction
Federal Response –
•Enforcement Act of 1870
Banned terror tactics
Federal round up and prosecution
•**As Reconstruction ends, the power will
shift – The development of the Solid South.
The End of Reconstruction
•Corruption, taxes, violence, the Supreme
Court, the Solid South – all contributing
factors to the end of Reconstruction.
•Power returned back to the States.
•Compromise of 1877 –
Hayes (Rep.) vs. Tilden (Dem.)
Contested vote in Union controlled
states.
Special commission rules in favor of
Hayes.
The End of Reconstruction
•Compromise of 1877 –
Democrats have enough power to
block ruling.
Compromise is reached giving Hayes
the election in return for the
withdrawal of troops from the South.
Marks the end of Reconstruction
Presidential
Candidate
Vice Presidential
Candidate
Political
Party
Rutherford
Hayes
William Wheeler Republican 4,034,142 47.92% 185 50.1%
Popular Vote
Electoral
Vote
Samuel Tilden
Thomas
Hendricks
Peter Cooper
Samuel Cary
Greenback
83,726
0.99%
0
0.0%
Other (+)
-
-
13,983
0.17%
0
0.0%
Democratic 4,286,808 50.92% 184 49.9%
Video # 5 – The End of Reconstruction:
http://mn-media.discoveryeducation.com/pmp/videos/wm/300k/chp945809_300k.wmv
Reconstruction - Successes
•Union is restored; rebuilding of South
begun.
•Southern economic growth is stimulated.
•African Americans gain formal rights of
citizenship and equal treatment.
•Many black families helped in obtaining
housing, jobs, and schooling.
Reconstruction - Failures
•African Americans still lack property and
economic opportunity.
•Southern governments deny African
Americans the right to vote.
•Racists attitudes continue, in both North
and South.
•Lasting bitterness between many
Southerners and federal government.