CHAPTER 2-1 PowerPoint Notes
Instructions: Use your book and notes to fill in the blanks.
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ATOMS
Atom – is the basic unit of matter
– Ex. Democritus – breaking a piece of chalk, when is it not chalk anymore? Until
atomos “unable to be cut”
An atom is very small. 100 million atoms make up about 1 cm.
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ATOMS
Atoms are made of smaller subatomic particles: __________, __________, and
__________.
Protons have a positive charge, neutrons a neutral charge and together they make up
the ___________ of an atom
___________ are negatively charged and much smaller than ___________
Atoms have a ___________ charge, ___________ number of electrons and protons
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ELEMENT
An element is a pure substance made up of just ___________ type of atom
Elements have a one or two ___________ symbol
The number of ___________ equals the atomic number of the element
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ELEMENT
Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of ___________ they contain are
known as ___________.
– Isotopes are identified by their ___________ number
Isotopes of an element are similar because they have the same number of ___________;
all isotopes of an element have the same ___________ properties.
___________ isotopes are important to use for dating and labels to follow the
movement of substances within organisms.
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CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
A chemical compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or
more ___________ in definite proportions.
– Written in shorthand known as a chemical ___________
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CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
The ___________ and ___________ properties of a compound are usually very
___________ from those of the elements from which it is formed.
– Ex. Sodium Chloride – Sodium and Chlorine
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CHEMICAL BONDS
The main types of chemical bonds are ___________ bonds and ___________ bonds.
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An ionic bond is formed when one or more electrons are ___________ from one atom
to another.
Positively and negatively charge atoms are known as ___________.
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CHEMICAL BONDS
A covalent bond is formed when one or more pairs of electrons are ___________
between two atoms.
– Can be a single, ___________ or triple bond
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CHEMICAL BONDS
A ___________ is the smallest unit of most compounds.
– Ex. Water – H2O
– Doesn’t usually ___________ electrons equally between the two atoms
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CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
Van der Waals forces are a type of intermolecular interaction in which when
molecules are ___________ ___________, a slight attraction develops between the
___________ charge regions of nearby molecules.
– Ex. Tokay gecko
How would you explain the following words to a kid in 5th grade. Give an example of each
that relates to the real world (use everyday objects to explain things).
-Atom
-Electron
-Proton
-Neutron
-Element
-Isotope
-Compound
-Covalent bond