AP Biology
Study Guide for Evolution Unit
Name:_________________________________
Ch. 19 – Viruses
1. lytic cycle
2. lysogenic cycle
3. bacteriophage
4. prophage
Ch. 20 – Biotechnology
1. Restriction enzymes – How do they work? Where do they cut DNA?
2. How does a bacterial cell protect its own DNA from its restriction enzymes?
3. What are the steps for splicing foreign DNA into a plasmid and inserting the plasmid into a
bacterium?
4. Gel electrophoresis
5. PCR
Evolution Unit Study Guide
Ch. 22 – Descent with Modification - Reading Guide and the Following Vocabulary:
1. Evolution is supported by much evidence > slow change over time. Know the forms of evidence.
The most telling form of evidence is that all organisms share the same genetic code.
2. Fossils
3. Charles Darwin
4. Adaptations
5. Natural Selection (the principles of)
6. Artificial Selection
7. Homology
8. Homologous Structures
9. Vestigial Structures
10. Evolutionary Tree
11. Convergent Evolution
12. Biogeography
13. Continental Drift
14. Pangaea
15. Can organisms pass on adaptations made within their own lifetime?
Ch. 23 – The Evolution of Populations - Reading Guide and the Following Vocabulary:
1. Microevolution
2. Macroevolution
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AP Biology
Study Guide for Evolution Unit
Name:_________________________________
3. Mutation
4. Population
5. Gene Pool
6. Hardy-Weinberg Principle (equilibrium)
7. Genetic Drift
a. Founder Effect
b. Bottleneck Effect
8. Gene Flow
9. Relative Fitness
10. Directional Selection
11. Disruptive Selection
12. Stabilizing Selection
13. Sexual Selection
14. Heterozygote Advantage
Ch. 24 – The Origin of Species - Reading Guide and the Following Vocabulary:
1. Speciation
2. Species
3. Reproductive Isolation
4. Hybrids
5. Prezygotic Barriers – see chart in guided notes
6. Postzygotic Barriers – see chart in guided notes
7. Allopatric Speciation
8. Sympatric Speciation
9. Polyploidy
10. What is the main cause of genetic variation in humans?
Ch. 25 – History of Life on Earth - Reading Guide and the Following Vocabulary:
1. Protobionts
2. Ribozymes
3. Radiometric Dating
4. Half-life
5. Cyanobacteria
6. Endosymbiosis
7. Serial Endosymbiosis
8. Mass Extinction
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AP Biology
Study Guide for Evolution Unit
Name:_________________________________
9. Adaptive Radiation
10. Hox Genes
11. What was early Earth’s atmosphere like? Which gas did not yet exist?
12. What did Miller and Urey discover?
13. What are the sequences of events in the origin of life?
14. What was the first hereditary information?
15. How far back does the fossil record extend?
Ch. 26 – Phylogeny - Reading Guide and the Following Vocabulary:
1. Phylogeny
2. Systematics
3. Binomial Nomenclature
4. Genus
5. Species
6. Phylogenetic Tree
7. Taxonomy
8. Cladistics
9. Clade
10. Shared Ancestral Character
11. Shared Derived Character
12. Outgroup
13. Ingroup
14. Biochemical evidence for evolution – DNA and amino acid sequences
Resources:
Chapter Reading Guides
POGIL Worksheet Packets:
- Chi-Square Analysis
- Hardy Weinberg Equation
- Selection and Speciation (Parts I and II)
- Phylogenetic Trees
www.BozemanScience.com:
View all podcasts under Big Idea #1 – Evolution
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AP Biology
Study Guide for Evolution Unit
Name:_________________________________
Possible Free Response Questions:
1.
The frequency of the sickle cell disease in parts of Central Africa is as high as 11% compared to a
frequency of 0.6% in the US. (This is a 10 pt. question.)
a.
Why are the frequencies of these traits different in these two areas? Explain why and how these
differences are possible?
b. Use the percentage for the western Africa population and the US population to calculate the
frequency of the heterozygous and homozygous dominant genotypes in each of these areas.
c.
Is there evidence of heterozygote advantage in either one of these populations? Explain the
evidence or lack of.
2. The most supported theory about how the first eukaryotic cells evolved from prokaryote ancestors is
through a process called serial endosymbiosis. (This is a 10 pt. question.)
a.
Explain the process of serial endosymbiosis.
b. Explain the evidence for serial endosymbiosis.
c.
There are three domains of life. Draw a phylogeny that shows the evolutionary relationships of
these three organisms.
d. Explain the phylogeny and the common ancestor of these three domains.
3. A population of crickets feeds on two species of weedy plant (A and B). Both plants are spread across the
habitat range of this population. There aren’t any physical barriers to prevent crickets from moving
between the plants. After many generations, the crickets that were born on plant A have begun to only eat
plant A and mate with other plant A crickets. The crickets born on plant B have begun to eat only plant B
and mate with only plant B crickets. (This is a 4 pt. question.)
a.
Is there evidence for speciation on this population? Explain the evidence.
b. Is this an example of sympatric or allopatric speciation? Explain your response.
c.
What kinds of isolating mechanisms are present in this population?
4. Natural selection is the major mechanism for evolution as described in the Origin of Species by Charles
Darwin. (This is a 4 pt. question.)
a.
Explain evolution by natural selection.
b. Use one of the following examples to explain the process of natural selection:
i. Finches on the Galapagos Islands
ii. Armadillos and giant armadillo-like mammals
iii. Standard sloths and extinct giant sloths
iv. Horses and zebras
5. One theory for the evolution of the first organic macromolecules like proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids is
called chemical evolution. In this theory, explain how the small inorganic molecules in the atmosphere could
lead to organic macromolecules. (This is a 2 pt. question.)
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