All of the following except ____ is a function of the
lymphatic system.
1. Production, maintenance, and distribution of
lymphocytes
2. Resisting and overcoming disease
3. Draining lymph from the bone marrow
4. Maintain normal blood composition and
volume
Which of the following is true of lymphatic
capillaries?
1. They have smaller diameters than blood
capillaries.
2. Endothelial cells of lymphatic capillaries are
not bound tightly together, but they do
overlap.
3. They have thicker walls than blood
capillaries.
4. They form continuous tubes.
Which of the following is a dangerous consequence
of lymphedema in a limb?
1. Accumulation of toxins and pathogens
due to stagnant interstitial fluids
2. Swelling and distension of the limb
3. Loss of elasticity in connective tissue of
the affected limb
4. All of the above are correct
If the thymus failed to produce thymic
hormones, which population of lymphocytes is
affected?
1.
2.
3.
4.
B lymphocytes
T lymphocytes
Monocytes
Antigen-producing cells
Why do lymph nodes enlarge during some
infections?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Because of bacterial invasion and accumulation
Due to accumulation of antibodies
Due to accumulation of circulating T cells
Due to phagocytic and lymphatic cell division
After splenectomy, which immune functions
become impaired?
1. Initiation of immune response by B cells
and T cells in response to antigens
2. Phagocytosis of damaged or infected cells
circulating in blood
3. Complement activation
4. 1 and 2 are correct
Which of the following is not a characteristic or
function of nonspecific defenses?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Are present at birth
Destruction of abnormal cells by NK cells
Dependence on the activity of lymphocytes
Interferons coordinating defenses against
viral infections
Why would the liver, lungs, and CNS be affected by
a low monocyte count in blood?
1. Kupffer cells, alveolar macrophages, and
microglia are derived from monocytes.
2. Lack of monocytes causes NK
lymphocytes to attack those structures.
3. The liver, lungs and CNS are secondary
parts of the immune system.
4. None of the above is correct.
How do interferons increase resistance to viral
infections?
1. They can respond immediately.
2. They recognize abnormal cells by the
presence of unusual antigens.
3. They interfere with viral replication inside cells.
4. All of the above are correct.
What effects do pyrogens have in the
body?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Release complement
Increase temperature/cause fever
Stimulate NK cells
Release interferon
All of the following except ____ is an effect of
complement activation.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Making target cells easier to engulf
Destruction of target cell membranes
Attracting neutrophils and macrophages
Reducing inflammation
Why is having both cell-mediated and antibodymediated immunity integral to a healthy immune
system?
1.
2.
3.
4.
T cells defend against pathogens inside cells, while B
cells defend against antigens in body fluids.
Cell-mediated immunity is genetically determined, while
antibody-mediated immunity is acquired.
Cell-mediated immunity is “specific”, while antibodymediated immunity is “non-specific”.
None of the above is correct.
Induced passive immunity ____, while induced
active immunity ____.
1.
2.
3.
4.
Is genetically determined/is conferred by administration
of antibodies
Answer:
Is conferred from mother
to infant through breast milk/
develops after exposure to antigens in the environment
Is conferred by administration of antibodies/develops
after administration of an antigen to prevent disease
Stimulates antibodies against something you might
encounter in the future/combats something you’ve
already been exposed to
If “tolerance” breaks down, what is the potential
result?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Lymphocytes divide to produce clones of
themselves.
Lymphocytes would not “remember” an antigen they
previously encountered.
The immune system would not be prepared to
attack certain antigens.
B cells and T cells could attack normal antigens.
How can the presence of an abnormal
peptide in the cytoplasm of a cell initiate an
immune response?
1.
2.
3.
4.
By stimulating production of pyrogens,
beginning an immune response
By becoming attached to B cells, which
launch an immune response
By becoming attached to MHC and being
presented to T cells
By altering the genetic programming of an
infected cell
A decrease in the number of cytotoxic
T cells directly affects which type of
immunity?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Acquired immunity
Innate immunity
Humoral immunity
Cell-mediated immunity
How does the absence of helper T cells affect the
antibody-mediated immune response?
1. Neither B cells nor T cells are stimulated to
respond to a pathogen, therefore no
immune response occurs.
2. Cytotoxic T cells proliferate.
3. Class II MHC proteins appear in the cell
membrane.
4. Immune response is unaffected by loss of
helper T cells.
What does an elevated number of plasma cells
indicate?
1. The cascade of events causing B cell
activation has occurred.
2. Antibodies to a pathogen are diminishing.
3. CD4 cells have been activated.
4. 1 and 3 are correct
Which analogy is most appropriate for comparing
the interaction of an antibody’s active site binding
with an antigen?
1. The heavy-chain constant segment’s
interaction with the light chain of an antibody
2. A drug reaction, such as penicillin allergy
3. An enzyme interacting with a substrate
molecule
4. The binding of a hapten and a carrier
molecule
The formation of an antigen-antibody complex may
cause elimination of the antigen in what way?
1. An antibody binds to a site on a virus making
the toxin incapable of attaching itself to a
cell.
2. An antibody binds to antigenic determinant
sites on two different antigens.
3. Antigens covered with antibodies attract
phagocytes.
4. All of the above are correct.
How is the secondary response affected if
memory B cells for a particular antigen are
absent?
1. A pathogen that had previously invaded
would be recognized and killed quickly.
2. The secondary response would not occur.
3. Memory T cells take over the role of the
memory B cells.
4. CD4 cells would differentiate into B cells.
Which kind of immunity protects a developing
fetus, and how is that immunity produced?
1. Natural active immunity; maternal illness
and recovery
2. Natural passive immunity; the product of
IgG antibodies
3. Artificial passive immunity; injections of
gamma globulins
4. Artificial active immunity; vaccinations
Which of the following correctly describes the
sequence of WBCs responsible for overcoming
a bacterial infection?
1. Neutrophils and NK cells/phagocytes/
cytotoxic T cells/plasma cells
2. Memory B cells/plasma cells/NK cells
3. Phagocytes/plasma cells/antibodies
4. B cells/helper T cells/phagocytes/CD8 cells
Which of the following conditions can be
determined with a skin test?
1. If a baby has severe combined
immunodeficiency disease
2. If a person has been exposed to an antigen
3. If a person has an autoimmune disease
4. If a person has diabetes mellitus
Denise is allergic to pollen. What is an allergy
and how is allergy to pollen classified?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Results from treatment with immunosuppressive
agent/delayed hypersensitivity
Develops when the immune response targets
normal body cells/cytotoxic reaction
An inappropriate or exaggerated immune
response/immediate hypersensitivity
Results from problems of development of
lymphoid organs/immune complex disorder
How does increased stress decrease the
effectiveness of the immune response?
1. By burning energy needed for immunity
2. By inhibiting interleukin secretion
3. By depressing the inflammatory
response
4. 2 and 3 are correct