
Instructional Objective:
1.Identify the state of matter.
2Compare the heat of fusion and heat of
vaporization
Solids, Liquids, and Gases
States of Matter
 Solid State
 Molecules packed close together, vibrating in place
 Molecules in orderly arraignment
 Lowest amount of thermal energy
 Lowest Temperature
 Keeps its shape
States of Matter
 Liquid State
 Molecules moving around, not overcoming their
attraction to each other
 Molecules not in any sort of order
 Lower thermal energy than gas, higher than solid
 Takes the shape of its container
States of Matter
 Gas State
 Molecules moving rapidly, overcoming attraction
between them
 Molecules not in any sort of order
 Very high thermal energy
 Spreads to take the shape of its container
 No fixed volume or shape,
state of matter made up of electrically
charged particles
The fourth state, plasma, exists at very
high temperatures and pressures.
 Ex: stars , Sun.
which of the following will dissolve the
fastest?
+ temp.
-pressure
SOLID
+ temp.
- pressure
LIQUID
GAS
- temp.
+ pressure
- temp.
+ pressure
melting
boiling
evaporation
SOLID
LIQUID
freezing
GAS
condensation
DEPOSITION
SUBLIMATION
State Changes - H2O
140
GAS
Boiling
120
100
Temperature (C)
80
 Condensing
LIQUID
60
40
Melting 
20
0
 Freezing
-20
-40
-60
SOLID
-80
-100
-120
-140
-160
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Heat (KJ)
70
80
90
100
110
120
Phases Of Water
Kinetic Theory
 Is an explanation of how particles in matter behave.
 Has Three assumptions
Three Assumptions of Kinetic theory
 1.All matter is composed of small particles(atoms,
Molecules and ions)
 2.The particles are always in a constant random
motion.
 3.These particles are collide with each other and the
walls of their container.
Thermal Energy
Is the total energy of a material’s
particles (Kinetic vibrations)
resulting from force that act within
or between particles
Ex: Temperature is high-particles
vibrates highly.
Temperature is lowered- particles
vibrates more slowly
Average Kinetic Energy
 Temperature:
*is the term used to explain how
hot or cold an object is .
* is the average kinetic energy in a
substance.
* Explain how fast the particles are
moving.
Exothermic reaction
 Heat is given out during a chemical
reaction
Endothermic reaction
 Heat or energy is used or absorbed
during the chemical reaction
TEMPERATURE
the average kinetic energy in the
substance; how fast the particles are
moving
HEAT OF FUSION
amount of energy needed to change a
substance from the solid to the liquid
state
HEAT OF VAPORIZATION
amount of energy needed to change a
substance from the liquid to the gaseous
state

Instructional Objective:
1.Identify the state of matter.
2Compare the heat of fusion and heat of
vaporization
Add 110 g of ice to beaker
2. Place beaker on Hot Plate
3. Heat beaker and ice with Hot Plate (7)
4. Record temperature every minute until a majority
is evaporated
1.
~ VERNIER LAB PRO
5.
Repeat above but add 16 g of salt to the 110 g of ice
in new beaker.
Your lab write up should have:
2 charts
1 graph (with both water and salt water)