• Theory that people are not born with all of the intelligence they will ever have
• Intelligence can be learned throughout life.
• Everyone is intelligent in at least seven different ways and can develop each aspect of intelligence to an average level of competency.
• Intelligence, as defined by Gardner, is the ability to solve problems or fashion products that are valuable in one or more cultural settings.

The 9 intelligences included in Gardner’s theory are:
*Verbal/ Linguistic
*Visual/ Spatial
*Interpersonal
*Musical/ Rhythmic
*Logical/ Mathematical
*Intrapersonal
*Bodily/ Kinesthetic
*Naturalistic
*Existential

There are 8 Criteria for
Defining Multiple Intelligences:
Each of the intelligences:
 can potentially be isolated by brain damage.
 has a process of developing during normal child development and has a peak end-state performance.
 Has been tested extensively and is evidenced in species other than human beings.

Gardner's Definition:
Linguistic Intelligence ( Word Smart ) is the capacity to use language, your native language, and perhaps other languages, to express what's on your mind and to understand other people.
Criteria Used for Linguistic Intelligence
• Can understand words and manipulate the structure of language
• Has highly developed communication skills including writing, speaking, and story-telling
•
Knows and correctly uses rules of grammar
•
Enjoys reading, writing, and speaking
• Has a large vocabulary
This person learns best by:
• Saying, hearing, and seeing words
• Writing
•
Talking
•
Reading

• Author
• Journalist
• Poet
• Playwright
• Radio Announcer
• Speech Pathologist
(one who interprets)
• Typist
• Novelist
• Comedian
• Politician
• Orator
• Actor
• Curator

•William Shakespeare
•Edgar Allen Poe
•Earnest Hemmingway
•F. Scott Fitzgerald
•Emily Dickinson
•Agatha Christie
•T.S. Eliot
•Rudyard Kipling

• Book reporting
• Telling jokes
• Writing words
• Reading
• Journal writing
• Speaking
• Letter writing
• Storytelling
• Discussing
• Creative writing
• Debating
• Persuading


Has the capacity to use numbers effectively and reason well

Able to see cause and effect really well

Able to identify a problem and solve it right there on the spot.

Think by reasoning

Love experimenting, questioning, figuring out logical puzzles, and calculating

What kinds of processes are used in the logical-mathematical intelligence sequence?

Categorization

Classification

Inference

Generalization

Calculation

Hypothesis testing

• Accountant
• Actuary
• Auditor
• Banker
• Bookkeeper
• Businessperson
• Computer Analyst
• Computer Programmer
• Doctor
• Economist
• Legal Assistant
• Mathematician
• Purchasing Agent
• Science Researcher
• Science Teacher
• Statistician
• Technician
• Underwriter

• Einstein
• Pythagoras
• Euclid
• Copernicus
• Newton
• Pascal
• Archimedes
• Plato
• Galileo
• Aristotle


Analyzing

Reasoning

Categorizing

Formulas

Time Lines

Synthesis

Logic Games

Numbers

Outlining

Patterns

Problem Solving

Sequencing

Rational Thinking

Scientific Thinking

Venn Diagrams

Statistics

Why is spatial intelligence important?
 The way we visually perceive and interpret the world around us makes us who we are.
 In the arts, the ability to transfer a vision to a painting, sculpture, or film is a key quality.
 Careers such as architecture, require a person to transfer a vision of a structure into a blueprint.
 “Average” people use it everyday to remember small, but important facts, like how to travel from school to your house.

• Advertising Agent
• Architect
• Cartographer(Map
Maker)
• Drafter
• Engineer
• Fine Artist
• Graphic Designer
• Fashion Designer
• Interior
Designer
• Inventor
• Painter
• Photographer
• Pilot
• Sculptor
• Surveyor
• Urban Planner

• Leonardo Da Vinci
• Pablo Picasso
• Spike Lee
• Vincent Van Gogh
• Frank Lloyd Wright
(architect)
• Steven Spielberg
• Ansel Adams
(photographer)
• Amelia Earhart
• Auguste Rodin
(sculptor)
• Robert Fulton
(inventor)
• Michelangelo

It is expertise in using one’s whole body to express ideas and feelings.
Examples: acting, dancing, sports, and using body language
It is the ability to use one’s hands to produce or transform things.
Examples: sculpting clay and hands-on learning

Love

Dancing

Running

Jumping

Building

Touching

Gesturing
Need

Role play

Drama

Movement

Things to build

Sports and physical games

Tactile (touchable) experiences

Hands-on learning

• Acting
• Charades
• Collections
• Demonstrations
• Experiments
• Field Trips
• Gymnastics
• Impersonations
• Inventing
• Martial Arts
• Miming
• Puppetry
• Visiting
• Exercise

• Actor
• Athlete
• Carpenter
• Choreographer
(creates/arranges dances)
• Craftsman
• Dancer
• Farmer
• Forest Ranger
• Inventor
• Jeweler
• Mechanic
• Mime
• P.E. Teacher
• Physical Therapist
• Recreational Director
• Actress

• Babe Ruth
• Jim Thorpe
• Kristi Yamaguchi
• Mickey Mantle
• Thomas Edison
• Isadora Duncan
• Cincinnatus
• Fabergè
• Wilbur Wright
• Orville Wright

o Distinguishing the sounds around you o Ability to create your own melodies o Even when singing a song or making music, you are using your musical intelligence!
If you are musically intelligent, you are able to: o Perceive o Discriminate o Transform o Express all kinds of musical forms

Figural and Formal
(“top-down”) (“ bottom-up”)
This means that you This means that you are very intuitive about analytic and technical the nature of music and about music and its its creation. creation.
*Anyone can have either both or one of these forms *

• Song Writer
• Performing Musician
• Piano Turner
• Singer
• Musical Theater
Actor/ Actress
• Studio Engineer
• Instrument Manager
• Rapper
• Advertising Agent
•
Conductor
• Disc Jockey
•
Film/Instrument Maker
• Composer
•
Music Teacher
• Sound Engineer
•
Music Therapist

• Leonard Bernstein
• Ludwig van Beethoven
• Ray Charles
• Robert Schumann
• Sergei Rachmaninoff
• Yehudi Menuhin
• Willie Nelson
• The Mavericks
• Lawerence Welk
• Joan Baez
• Zubin Mehta
• Ethel Merman
• Jean Redpath
• Gustav Mahler
• Leonard Bernstein
• George Gershwin
• Ella Fitzgerald
• Jenny Lind
• Stephen Foster
• Antonio Stradivari

The following is a list of activities that can be used in a classroom or anywhere else to enhance one’s own musical intelligence.
• Create Chants
• Create Concept Songs
• Discographies (lists of musical selections to enhance what you are learning or teaching.)
• Environmental Sounds
• Humming
• Illustrate With Sounds
• Rhythms
• Listening
• Lyrics
• Mood Music
• Music Composition or creation
• Musical concepts
• Musical Performance
• Percussion and Raps
• Reproduce sounds and rhythms
• Singing and Songs
• Vocal Sounds and Tonal
Patterns

Gardner's Definition:
• Interpersonal intelligence, (people smart), is understanding other people.
• Ability we all need, but is at a premium if you are a teacher, clinician, salesperson, or a politician.
• Anybody who deals with other people has to be skilled in the interpersonal sphere.

• Giving feedback to the teacher or to classmates
• Understanding other's feelings
• Person-to-person communication
• Cooperative learning strategies
• Receiving feedback
• Group projects
• Teaching someone else something new
• Learning from someone outside of school
• Other points of view
• Creating group rules
• Acting in a play or simulation
• Conducting an interview
• Creating "phone buddies" for homework
• Sensing others’ motives
• Creating group rules

• Abraham Lincoln
• George
Washington
• Ghandi
• Dr.Joyce
Brothers
• Oprah Winfrey
• Jesse Jackson
• Martin Luther
King
• Rev. Billy Graham

• Administrator
•
Anthropologist
• Arbitrator
•
Counselor
• Manager
•
Nurse
• Personnel Director
•
Politician
• Public Relations
•
Salesperson
• School Principal
•
Sociologist
• Therapist
•
Teacher
•
Travel Agent
•
Religious Leader
• Psychologist

“What is intrapersonal intelligence?”
 Having self-knowledge and the ability to act adaptively on the basis of that knowledge.
 Having an accurate picture of oneself (one’s strengths and weaknesses); awareness of inner moods, intentions, motivations, temperaments, and desires; and the capacity for self-discipline, self-understanding, and self-esteem.
Essentially, it’s how well you know yourself!

• Clergyman • Entrepreneur
• Program planner • Psychiatrist
• Psychology Teacher • Philosopher
• Theologian • Researcher
• Spiritual Counselor • Psychologist

* Aristotle
* Emily Dickinson
* Gen. George Patton
* Helen Keller
* Malcolm X
* Mohammed

• Multiple Intelligences: In The Classroom by Thomas Armstrong
• Multiple Intelligences: The Theory in Practice by Howard Gardner
• Multiple Intelligence Approaches Assessment :
Solving the Assessment Conundrum by David Lazear