Art 1010: Week #13
The Modern World 1800-1945
April 29th, 2009
Wednesdays 6:30 - 9:15 p.m.
Bryce Walker
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ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce
Walker
Things to discuss today
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Exam #3 returned
Art News?
Modern World
Activity
Assignment #4 Handouts
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Modern World
•
ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce
Walker
Items to be covered:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Neoclassicism
Romanticism
Realism
Impressionism
Post-Impressionism
America in the 19th Century
Into the 20th Century- The Avant Garde
Fauvism and Expressionism
Cubism
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Modern World
•
ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce
Walker
Items to be covered:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Into the 20th Century- The Avant Garde
Fauvism and Expressionism
Cubism
Fantasy and Futurism
World War I and After: Dada and
Surrealism
6. Between the Wars: Building New
Societies
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ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce
Walker
Goals and Objectives
1. Learn the different styles of the Modern
art world
2. Learn the influential artists during the
Impressionist and Post-Impressionist
eras.
3. Learn the unique and evolving styles of
American art
4. Learn the different styles of the AvantGarde art movement.
5. Learn the influential artists during and
after the Avant Garde movement.
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ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce
Walker
The Modern World 1800-1945
•“The first national museum was the Louvre in Paris.
Opened in 1793 during the fervor of the French
Revolution, it placed the art hat had been the private
property of the kings of France on public view in what
used to be the royal residence. Like everything else that
used to belong to aristocrats, art was now for everybody,
but what kind of art did everybody want? This is where
the main debate laid.
•“The changes of modernity occurred everywhere in
Europe, but the debates that provoked in the visual arts
played out most dramatically in France, especially in
Paris.” (p. 505)
Neoclassicism
Jacques Louis David▫David was the official painter
to Napoleon. When Napoleon
fell from power in 1815, David
went into exile, but the
Neoclassical style carried
forward into the new century
by one of his students, JeanAuguste-Dominique Ingres.
Jean-Auguste Ingres
▫Inherited the view that great
art can only be made from
great subject matter, and that
the greatest subject matter of
all was history, including
Classical mythology and
biblical scences.
ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker
“Jupiter and Thetis” Ingres,
1604
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ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce
Walker
Romanticism
Eugene Delacroix
•He
spent several months in
Northern Africa drawing and
painting.
•Compared with cool perfection
of Ingres’ careful drawing and
glazed colors, Delacroix’s
technique is freer and more
painterly.
•“Is not a style so much as a set
of attitudes and characteristic
subjects. The 18th century is
sometimes known as the “Age of
reason”, for its leading thinkers
placed their faith in rationality,
skeptical questioning, and
scientific inquiry.” (p. 507)
“Women of Algiers”
Delacroix, 1834
Realism
Gustave Courbet
•Realism
rose as a reaction
against both Neoclassicism and
Romanticism.
•Realist artists like Courbet,
sough to depict the everyday
and the ordinary, rather than
the historic, the heroic, or the
exotic.
•Courbet’s point is that
“everyday activities, such as an
artist working at his easel or
peasants toiling in the fields,
were fit subject matter for grand
–scale art.
ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker
“The Stonebreaker’s”
Poussin, 1849
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Impressionism
Edouard Manet
•In
a 19th century statesponsored exhibition in France,
artists submitted works. Since,
the official jury tended to be
conservative, they rejected
Manet’s and many other
paintings. So Manet and a
group set up a “Salon des
Refuses” (Refused art
exhibition).
•Through “Le Dejeuner sur
l’herbe” (Luncheon on the
Grass), Manet teases works
done by Titian and the like by
portraying a female nude
among clothed males.
ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker
“Luncheon on the Grass”
Manet, 1863
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Impressionism
Claude Monet
•After
Monet called one of his
artworks “Impression Sunrise”
a scornful art critic ridiculed the
style by calling it
Impressionism. The name stuck
in the public imagination, and
the artists largely accepted it.
(Impressions of light and color
on the eye)
•With Impressionism, art moved
outdoors thanks to the portable
oil color in tubes, many of the
Impressionists took their
canvases, brushed, and paints
outside to be part of the shifting
light they wanted to depict.
ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker
“Impression: Sunrise”
Monet, 1874
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Impressionism
Pierre-Auguste Renoir
•Instead
of building a painting
up from preliminary layers of
drawing and modeling, Renoir
began directly with paint,
weaving individual brush
strokes into an allover tapestry
of colors that resolve into forms.
•In “Le Moulin de la Galette”,
Renoir captures a moment’s
pleasure with flickering strokes
of paint that record sensations
of light, color, and movement.
•Renoir would later adjust his
style to create more solid figures
and largely abandon modern
life for “timeless” subjects.
ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker
“Le Moulin de la Galette”
Renoir, 1876
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Impressionism
Edgar Degas
•Degas
concerns were somewhat
different from the rest of the
Impressionists. He was not
interested in painting outdoors,
or in recording sensations of
perception, and he was
endlessly ingenious at finding
subjects in contemporary life
that allowed him to depict it.
•Degas borrowed a Japanese
technique of having a device
(pillar or lamppost) interrupt
the composition and block our
view. Such interruptions also
reflect Degas’ interest in
photography, which lent itself
naturally to cropped views.
ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker
“Women at a Cafe, Evening”
Degas, 1877
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Post-Impressionism
Paul Gauguin
•Gaugin,
who worked with an
Impressionist style early in his
career, expressed a spiritual
meaning in his art. He moved to
Tahiti were he painted most of
his subject matter. He called
this move an escape from the
“disease of civilization.”
•The next generation of artists
admired many aspects of
Impressionism, especially its
bright palette and direct
painting techniques.
ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker
“Te Aa No Areois
(The
Seed of Areoi)”
Gauguin, 1892
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Post-Impressionism
Georges Seurat
•Seurat
wanted to place
Impressionism’s intuitive
recording of optical sensations
on a more scientific footing. His
reading of color theories led
him to develop the technique of
Pointillism.
•Seurat was the most faithful of
painting modern life. He
portrayed ordinary people
enjoying their day off with
ceremony and dignity.
ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker
“Bathers at Asnieres”
Seurat, 1884
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Post-Impressionism
Vincent Van Gogh
•For
most post-impressionist
artists like Van Gogh, the
industrialized modern world
was not something that needed
to be confronted but something
that needed to be escaped.
•Van Gogh, a Dutch artist,
moved from Antwerp to Paris in
1886 but only stayed for 2
years. He then moved to a small
rural town in Southern France
called Arles, where he painted
the landscape, people, and
things closest to him.
ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker
“Starry Night”
Van Gogh, 1889
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Post-Impressionism
Paul Cezanne
•In
contrast to Gauguin’s need
to travel, Cezanne found
everything he needed within
walking distance of his home in
the south of France.
•He felt that what made painting
great in the past was structure
and order.
•His goals were to use the
painting stroke to paint
something more solid and
durable. Also to paint from
nature and find in it order and
clarity. He was influenced by
Poussin’s “The Ashes of
Phiokin” .
ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker
“Mount Sainte-Victoire”
Cezanne, 1902
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America in the 19th Century
Mary Cassatt
•The
first notable women
Impressionist, Cassatt received
her artistic training in America.
She later moved to Paris and
remained there.
•Her natural inclination drew
her senses from daily life,
especially intimate domestic
scenes of mother and children,
a world men rarely depicted in
art.
•“I work with absolute
independence without concern
for the opinion of a jury.”
Cassatt
ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker
“The Boating Party”
Cassatt, 1893-94
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Into the 20th Century: The Avant Garde
Henri Matisse
•Avant
Garde was originally a
military term, referring to the
detachment of soldiers that
went first into battle. Henri
Matisse claims original
membership in this group. He
took the liberation of color
further with Fauvism.
•Fauvism- freed from its
descriptive role, color could be
used as an independent
expressive element.
•Expressionism- any style
where the artist’s subjective
feelings take precedence over
objective observation.
ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker
“The Joy of Life”
Matisse, 1905-06
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Into the 20th Century: The Avant Garde
Pablo Picasso
•Picasso,
a Spanish painter,
reduced the role of color to a
minimum in order to
concentrate on the problem of
representing form in space.
•In breaking with Western art
conventions that reached back
to ancient Greece and Rome,
Picasso looked for inspiration
ancient traditions, the merging
of figure and ground, and
fragmenting of the figures.
•Cubism- a fragmenting a
figures into shapes with lined
edges.
ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker
“Les Demoiselles d’Avignon”
Picasso, 1907
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World War I and After: Dada and Surrealism
Marcel Duchamp
•Duchamp
created the term
“ready-mades” which probed
the border between art and real
life. A ready made is a work of
art that the artist has not made
but designated.
•The movement of Dada was
anti everything. Anti art, anti
middle-class society, anti
politicians, anti good manners,
anti business-as-usual, anti all
that had brought about war.
•Dada embraced as many
different types of “anti” themed
art as there were artists.
ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker
“The Fountain”
Duchamp, 1917
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World War I and After: Dada and Surrealism
Salvador Dali
•A
movement that grew out of
Dada was Surrealism, which was
formulated in Paris in the 1920s.
Like Dada, Surrealism was not a
style but a way of life.
•The Surrealists appreciated the
logic of dreams, the mystery of
the unconscious, and the lure of
the bizarre, the irrational, the
incongruous, and the marvelous.
•Dali's art, offers a fascinating
paradox: His rendering of forms
could not possibly be real.
Perhaps in his fantasy, his dream,
is to triumph once and for all over
time.
ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker
“The Persistence of Time”
Dali, 1931
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Between the Wars: Building New Societies
Piet Mondrian
•Mondrian
thought of his
canvases as places where we
could turn to stabilize ourselves
and restore our calm. He also
believed that no art would be
necessary in an environment
where we people would be
surrounded by rational beauty
and thus become balanced
themselves.
“Les Demoiselles d’Avignon”
Picasso, 1907
ART1010- Intro to Art, Bryce Walker
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