Day 1
BENCHMARK

SC.912.L.14.36:
Describe the factors
affecting blood flow
through the cardiovascular
system.
OBJECTIVE


Identify and investigate the
general functions of the
circulatory system.
Describe the structure of
the heart and explain how
it pumps blood through the
body.

The heart is a muscular
organ that pumps
blood throughout the
body.
 Located near the left-
center of your chest.
 Hollow and about the
size of your clenched
fist.

Atrium (aurícula):
-Upper chamber of the heart
-receives blood from the rest of the body

Ventricle: (Ventrículo):
-Lower chamber of the heart
-Pumps blood out of the heart to the rest of
the body

Viscosity:
Refers to how fluid a liquid is

Pulmonary (poumon or pulmon):
Refers to the lungs

Systemic (Systémica):
Spread throughout the entire body
1. Transports:
1.
2.
3.
4.
oxygen,
carbon dioxide,
food molecules,
hormones,
to and from the cells of the body.
2. Helps maintain a constant body
temperature.
3. Carries cells that help protect
the body from disease.

The heart functions as two
separate pumps.
1. The left side of heart:
▪ pumps oxygen-rich blood to
the rest of the body
(systemic circulation.)
1. The right side of heart:
▪ pumps oxygen-depleted
blood from heart to the
lungs (pulmonary
circulation.)

Each half of the heart has an upper
and lower chamber.
 The right atrium, receives
deoxygenated blood from the body.
 The right ventricle pumps blood
into the lungs.
 The left atrium receives
oxygenated blood from the lungs.
 The left ventricle pumps
oxygenated blood to the rest of the
body.
 The ARTERIES are the vessels that
carry blood away from the heart.
▪ Systemic arteries Carry oxygenated
blood
▪ Pulmonary Arteries carry deoxygenated
blood to the lungs.
 The VEINS bring blood back to the
heart.
▪ systemic veins Carry Deoxygenated
blood
▪ Pulmonary Veins carry oxygenated blood
because they are coming from the lungs.
When you are sitting still, your heart pumps about 5 L
of blood each time.
 When you are active, your heart pumps up to 35 L.


Oxygen-poor blood flows into
the heart from the VENA CAVA.

Blood first enters the right
atrium and is pumped into the
right ventricle.

From the right ventricle, the
blood is pumped through the
pulmonary arteries.

The pulmonary arteries
transport blood to the lungs,
where it picks up O2 and gets rid
off CO2.

The pulmonary veins transport the
newly oxygenated blood from the
lungs back to the heart.

The left atrium receives oxygen-rich
blood and pump it to the next
chamber.

The left ventricle is the final chamber
through which blood flows.

The aorta pumps blood rich in O2 to
both sides of the body.
AORTA
VENA
CAVA
LEFT
ATRIUM
RIGHT
ATRIUM
LEFT
VENTRICLE
RIGHT
VENTRICLE
1.
Oxygen-poor blood from body  through Vena Cava
into RIGHT Atrium
2.
RIGHT Atrium  RIGHT Ventricle through Pulmonary
arteries to Lungs
3.
From Lungs  sends oxygenated blood to LEFT
Atrium  LEFT Ventricle
4.
Blood pumped out of heart from LEFT ventricle
through Aorta to the rest of the body
 As blood flows
through the
circulatory system, it
moves through 3
types of blood
vessels:
1. Arteries
2. Capillaries
3. Veins
 Large, tough,
and highly elastic
 Have thick walls that help them
withstand the powerful pressure
produced when the heart contracts.
 Carry blood away from the
heart to the tissues of the body.
 Except for the pulmonary arteries,
all arteries carry oxygen-rich blood.
 The aorta is the first of a series of blood vessels that carry
the blood on its round trip around the body.
 Walls are one cell thick.
 Smallest of the blood vessels.
 Most are so narrow that blood
cells must pass
through them in
single file.
 Bring nutrients and
oxygen to the tissues
 Absorb carbon dioxide and other waste from the
tissues
 Return blood to the heart.
 As with arteries, the thin
walls of veins contain
connective tissue and
smooth muscle.
 Large veins contain valves
that keep blood moving
toward the heart.
1.
2.
3.
4.
What are the vessels called that deliver
blood to the heart?
What are the vessels called that deliver
blood to the lungs?
Which chamber of the heart receives blood
from the body?
Which chamber of the heart delivers blood
to the body?

Write a paragraph using the RAFT technique to
describe blood flow through the circulatory system

Role: A RED BLOOD CELL

Audience: You choose: a “freshman” red blood cell, a Biology
student, a middle school student, uneducated adults, etc

Format: You choose: a story book, informational letter or news
report, song, poem, video, dialogue or play, etc

Topic: Your TRAVELS THROUGH THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM

Viscosity refers to how thick the blood is
 The thicker the blood, the harder the heart must work
to pump
 Thicker = slower flow

Resistance of blood
flow is the difficulty
of blood to flow

Affected by
 Vessel diameter
 Plaque build up
 Blood clots

High resistance =
high blood pressure

Blood volume is the amount of blood
in the body

It is regulated by the kidneys
 Amount of water and salt excreted

Vessels that supply
the heart
(myocardium) with
oxygen

Heart failure occurs
when these arteries
are blocked
 Heart gets deprived of
oxygen
 When the heart contracts, it
produces a wave of fluid pressure in
the arteries.
 Blood pressure is the force of
the blood on the arteries’ walls.
 Several factors may affect
blood pressure.
 Exercise
 Nutrition
 Stress
 Smoking and Alcohol
 Genetics

Is measured and represented by 2
numbers
1. Systolic Pressure: force in arteries
when ventricles CONTRACT
2. Diastolic Pressure: force in arteries
when ventricles RELAX

Normal Blood pressure would be
120/80
 Systolic/diastolic
 Cardiovascular diseases are diseases of the heart
and blood vessels.
 Leading cause of death in the US, claiming about
1,000,000 lives every year.
 Cardiovascular diseases develop
gradually,
So their symptoms may
not appear for decades.
 High blood pressure, or hypertension:
 forces the heart to work harder,
 may weaken or damage the heart muscle and blood
vessels.
 Can lead to heart attack, stroke, or kidney damage
 Arteriosclerosis- hardening of the arteries.
 accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaque
 on the inner lining of the arterial wall.
 The deposits reduce normal flow of the blood through
the artery.
 cholesterol.
Blood Clot is called
Thrombus

If one of the coronary
arteries becomes blocked,
part of the heart muscle
may begin to die from a lack
of oxygen.

If enough muscle is
damaged, a condition
known as a heart attack
occurs.
 Symptoms include nausea,
shortness of breath, and
severe, crushing chest pain.

When a blood clot gets free and gets stuck in one of the
blood vessels leading to the brain
 brain cells served by the particular blood vessel gradually die
from oxygen starvation
 brain function in that region may be lost.

A Stroke may cause:
 paralysis,
 loss of the ability to speak
 death.
The circulatory system is divided into two separate
pathways: pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.
How do they work together and separately to move blood
throughout the body?
In your answer:
1. define pulmonary circulation and its function (2
pts.)
2. define systemic circulation and its function (2 pts.)
3. explain how do the two systems work together to
help in cellular respiration (6 pts.)

In your assigned
groups, fill out
activity sheet for
each station

4 minutes per
station
The circulatory system is divided into two separate
pathways: pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation.
How do they work together and separately to move blood
throughout the body?
In your answer:
1. define pulmonary circulation and its function (2
pts.)
2. define systemic circulation and its function (2 pts.)
3. explain how do the two systems work together to
help in cellular respiration (6 pts.)