MECH 4692 / 7470
Renewable Energy
Introduction
 John Woods, P. Eng.
 B.Sc. EE 1983 University of Manitoba
 M.Sc. EE 1986 U of M
 PhD 1997 - ?
U of M
 KGS Group
 330 People, 5 offices across Canada
 Hydroelectricity, Floodway, Ethanol Plant
Authors:
Hewitt Crane, Edwin Kinderman
Ripudaman Malhotra
Oxford University Press 2010
www.oup/us/companion.websites/9780195325546
Cubic Mile of Oil =
4.164 x 1012 liters
26.2 x 109 Barrels
153 x 1015 Btu’s
Approximate world oil consumption in 2000
In 2006 grown to around 1.06 CMO
Electrical Equivalent
Primary Energy Equivalent:
45 x 1012 kWh
End-use
15.3 x 1012 kWh
Hard coal: 5.10 x 1019 tons
153 x 1012 Cubic Feet of Natural Gas
Terra Watt-hour 1000 GWh, 1,000,000 MWh
Exhibit 2.3
Primary Energy Sources
Energy Sources
2006 Data
Exhibit 3.1
Total Energy
2006
Data
World Energy Consumption
To: 2007
Exhibit 2.2
Distributed Generation
Author:
Gilbert Masters
Publisher:
Wiley-Interscience 2004
INSOLATION
Incident
Solar
Radiation
Solar Radiation @ Surface
Air Mass ratio
Seasons and Earth Tilt
Larger Cycles are part of
the equation:
100,000 year eccentricity
41,000 year obliquity
23,000 year precession
Solar Noon – Tilt Angle
Capturing the Sun
Direct, Diffuse & Reflected
Calculations
Software
Solar Project
FIT and microFIT
 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 A feed-in tariff (FiT, feed-in law, advanced
renewable tariff, or renewable energy
payments) is a policy mechanism
designed to encourage the adoption of
renewable energy sources
 Ontario Government sponsored program
 Encourage RE business, eliminate coal
Ontario Government Programs
http://fit.powerauthority.on.ca
Energy Canada
Local Hydro
states:
“We offer Ontario's
guaranteed lowest
5-year residential
electricity rate at
7.15 cents per
kilowatt hour”
http://www.canadaenergy.ca
Building Aspects
3 Story Office Building
Insolation Latitude 50
Daily Clear-sky Insolation
50 degrees Latitude
12
10
kWh/m^2
8
6
South 50 degree
4
1-Axis tracking
2-Axis Trancking
South 20 degree
2
0
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Month
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
PV Building Blocks
System
Electrical System
Panels
Cost
Software Output
Economics 1
Economics 2
Qualifying Percentages
Item
Designated Activity
Qualifying
Percentage
1
Silicon that has been used as input to solar photovoltaic cells manufactured in an Ontario refinery.
10
2
Silicon ingots and wafers, where silicon ingots have been cast in Ontario and wafers have been cut from the
casting by a saw in Ontario.
12
3
The crystalline silicon solar photovoltaic cells, where their active photovoltaic layer(s) have been formed in
Ontario.
10
4
Solar photovoltaic modules (i.e., panels), where the electrical connections between the solar cells have been
made in Ontario, and the solar photovoltaic module materials have been encapsulated in Ontario.
13
5
Inverter, where the assembly, final wiring and testing has been done in Ontario.
9
6
Mounting system, where the structural components of the fixed or moving mounting system, have been entirely
machined or formed or cast in Ontario. The metal for the structural components may not have been premachined outside Ontario other than peeling/roughing of the part for quality control purposes when it left
the smelter or forge. The machining and assembly of the mounting system must entirely take place in
Ontario (i.e. bending, welding, piercing, and bolting).
9
7
Wiring and electrical hardware that is not part of other designated activities (i.e., items 1 to 6 and 8 of this table),
sourced from an Ontario supplier.
10
8
All on- and off-site labour and services. For greater certainty, this designated activity shall apply for all contract
facilities.
27
Total:
100